1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Integrity = 瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄棶璧勬枡鏈夋病鏈夎鍒汉鐪嬭銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬唴瀹规湁娌℃湁淇濇寔鍘熸牱銆?/p>

璁㈠崟閲戦浠?1000 鍏冨彉鎴?10 鍏冿紝绯荤粺杩樿兘鎵撳紑锛屼絾璐﹀凡缁忎笉鍙俊浜嗭紝杩欏氨鏄畬鏁存€ч棶棰樸€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Integrity锛氬畬鏁淬€佸師鏍枫€佸彲淇°€?/p>

Unauthorized modification锛氭病鏈夋潈闄愮殑浜烘敼浜嗗唴瀹广€?/p>

Tampering锛氬伔鍋峰姩鎵嬭剼銆?/p>

Hash / checksum锛氬父鐢ㄦ潵妫€鏌ユ枃浠舵垨鏁版嵁鏈夋病鏈夊彉杩囷紝浣嗗畠浠槸鎵嬫锛屼笉鏄畬鏁存€ф湰韬€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭暣鍗曟病鍔ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶娾€滃畬鏁存€р€濊惤鍒颁竴寮犺鍗曚笂锛氶噾棰濄€佸湴鍧€銆佹暟閲忛兘娌¤涔辨敼銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬畬鏁磋处鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝处鏈槸鍏蜂綋鐗╋紝閫傚悎璁扳€滄暟鎹繕鍙俊鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬畬鏁寸殑浜恒€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜敾闈㈠お鏁ｏ紝瀹规槗璺戝埌韬綋瀹屾暣锛屽拰淇℃伅瀹夊叏鑰冪偣鎺ヤ笉涓娿€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄暣鍗曟病鍔ㄢ€濄€傚畠鏃㈣兘鎺ヤ綇瀹屾暣鎬э紝涔熻兘鐩存帴鍥炲埌棰樼洰閲岀殑璁㈠崟銆侀厤缃€佹棩蹇椼€佹枃浠惰鏀广€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Integrity = 鏁村崟娌″姩銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳鍗曟病鏈夎鍋峰伔鏀癸紝璐︽湰鎵嶅畬鏁达紝绯荤粺閲岀殑鍐呭鎵嶅彲淇°€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹屾暣鎬т繚鎶ゆ暟鎹笉琚湭鎺堟潈淇敼銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉搴楀崠涓€鍙?1000 鍏冪殑璁惧銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛涓嬪崟鍚庯紝鍚庡彴璁㈠崟绐佺劧鍙樻垚 10 鍏冦€?/p>

缃戠珯娌℃湁瀹曟満锛屽鏈嶄篃鑳界櫥褰曪紝瀹㈡埛璧勬枡涔熸病鏈夊娉勩€?/p>

浣嗚繖寮犺鍗曞凡缁忎笉鑳戒俊锛屽洜涓哄叧閿唴瀹硅鏀逛簡銆?/p>

杩欐椂鍏堜笉瑕佹兂鈥滄槸涓嶆槸鍙敤鎬р€濓紝涔熶笉瑕佹兂鈥滄槸涓嶆槸鏈哄瘑鎬р€濄€?/p>

鍏堟姄涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳鍗曡鏀癸紝浼ゅ埌瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data altered銆乺ecord modified銆乫ile tampered銆乧hecksum failed锛屽厛鎯冲畬鏁存€с€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃摢涓畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囪鐮村潖鈥濓紝閫?integrity銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅敤浠€涔堝姙娉曞彂鐜版枃浠舵湁娌℃湁鍙樷€濓紝鍐嶇湅 hash銆乨igital signature銆乧hecksum 杩欑被鎵嬫銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

鏈哄瘑鎬х湅锛氫笉璇ョ湅鐨勪汉鐪嬭浜嗘病鏈夈€?/p>

瀹屾暣鎬х湅锛氬唴瀹硅鏀逛簡娌℃湁銆?/p>

鍙敤鎬х湅锛氳鐢ㄦ椂鑳戒笉鑳界敤銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱郴缁熻繕鑳芥墦寮€锛屼笉浠ｈ〃娌￠棶棰樸€傚彧瑕佸唴瀹硅鏀瑰潖锛屽氨鏄畬鏁存€с€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Confidentiality = 鏈哄瘑鎬с€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄棶璧勬枡鏈夋病鏈夋敼锛屼篃涓嶆槸闂郴缁熻兘涓嶈兘鎵撳紑銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳皝鑳界湅锛岃皝涓嶈兘鐪嬨€?/p>

瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟銆佽韩浠借瘉鍙枫€佷俊鐢ㄥ崱鍙枫€佺梾鍘嗐€佸伐璧勮〃锛岃涓嶈鐪嬬殑浜虹湅鍒帮紝灏辨槸鏈哄瘑鎬у嚭浜嬨€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Confidential锛氫繚瀵嗙殑锛屼笉鑳介殢渚垮叕寮€銆?/p>

Disclosure锛氭姭闇层€佹硠闇层€?/p>

Unauthorized access锛氫笉璇ヨ闂殑浜鸿闂簡銆?/p>

Encryption / access control锛氬姞瀵嗗拰璁块棶鎺у埗鏄繚鎶ゆ満瀵嗘€х殑鎵嬫锛屼笉鏄満瀵嗘€ф湰韬€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭満瀵嗙銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝祫鏂欐斁杩涙満瀵嗙锛屽彧鏈夎鐪嬬殑浜烘湁閽ュ寵銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬瘑鍚嶅崟銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗急銆傚畠鑳芥寚鍚戝鎴峰悕鍗曪紝浣嗕笉濡傛満瀵嗙绋炽€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶浮铚溿€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝皭闊冲ソ绗戜絾澶亸锛屽鏄撹鎴愭棤鍏崇敾闈€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄満瀵嗙鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥帴浣忊€滆皝鑳界湅鈥濓紝涔熻兘鎺ュ埌璁块棶鎺у埗銆佸姞瀵嗐€佹硠闇查€氱煡杩欎簺棰樸€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Confidentiality = 鏈哄瘑绠便€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴疯祫鏂欓攣鍦ㄦ満瀵嗙閲岋紝涓嶈鐪嬬殑浜轰笉鑳界炕銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏈哄瘑鎬т繚鎶や俊鎭笉琚湭鎺堟潈鏌ョ湅鎴栨姭闇层€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉搴楁湁涓€浠藉鎴疯祫鏂欒〃銆?/p>

閲岄潰鏈夊鍚嶃€佹墜鏈哄彿銆佸湴鍧€鍜屼粯娆捐褰曘€?/p>

瀹炰範鐢熸湰鏉ュ彧璇ョ湅璁㈠崟鐘舵€侊紝鍗存墦寮€浜嗘暣浠藉鎴疯祫鏂欒〃銆?/p>

璧勬枡娌℃湁琚敼锛岀綉绔欎篃娌″仠銆?/p>

浣嗕笉璇ョ湅鐨勪汉鐪嬭浜嗙瀵嗐€?/p>

杩欐椂鍏堝垽鏈哄瘑鎬с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?unauthorized disclosure銆乨ata leak銆乪xposure of sensitive information锛屽厛鎯虫満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

棰樼洰闂摢涓洰鏍囪鐮村潖锛岄€?confidentiality銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂槻姝㈠埆浜虹湅瑙侊紝鍙互鍐嶇湅 encryption銆乤ccess control銆乧lassification銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

鏈哄瘑鎬ф槸鈥滃埆琚贡鐪嬧€濄€?/p>

瀹屾暣鎬ф槸鈥滃埆琚贡鏀光€濄€?/p>

鍙敤鎬ф槸鈥滃埆鐢ㄤ笉浜嗏€濄€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒?encryption 涓嶈鐩存帴閫夆€滃姞瀵嗘湰韬€濄€傚厛鐪嬮鐩棶鐩爣杩樻槸鎵嬫銆傞槻姝㈡硠闇茬殑鐩爣鎵嶆槸鏈哄瘑鎬с€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Risk Assessment / 椋庨櫓璇勪及

Risk Assessment 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆瘎浼伴闄┾€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄湪鍑轰簨鍓嶅厛浼扮畻锛屼粈涔堜笢瑗垮彲鑳藉潖锛屽潖浜嗘湁澶氱棝銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Risk Assessment = 椋庨櫓璇勪及銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄壂鎻忓伐鍏凤紝涔熶笉鏄ā鎷熸敾鍑汇€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳祫浜у湪鍝噷锛屽▉鑳佹槸浠€涔堬紝婕忔礊鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紝鍙戠敓鍙兘鎬у澶э紝褰卞搷澶氫弗閲嶃€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Risk锛氶闄╋紝閫氬父鏄▉鑳佸埄鐢ㄦ紡娲為€犳垚褰卞搷鐨勫彲鑳芥€с€?/p>

Assessment锛氳瘎浼帮紝涓嶆槸淇锛屾槸鍏堝垽鏂交閲嶇紦鎬ャ€?/p>

Impact锛氬奖鍝嶏紝鍧忎簡澶氱棝銆?/p>

Likelihood锛氬彲鑳芥€э紝鍙戠敓姒傜巼澶氶珮銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶璇勮〃銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞鏉ヤ箣鍓嶅厛鎷胯〃璇勪及锛氭嫑鐗屼細涓嶄細鎺夛紝鐜荤拑浼氫笉浼氱锛屾湇鍔″櫒浼氫笉浼氬仠銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶闄╀綋妫€銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸娉涖€傝兘璇存槑妫€鏌ワ紝浣嗕笉濡傞璇勮〃鑳藉甫鍑衡€滄鐜囧拰鎹熷け鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶闄╃Г銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚乏杈规斁鍙戠敓姒傜巼锛屽彸杈规斁鎹熷け褰卞搷锛岄€傚悎璁?likelihood 鍜?impact銆?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氶闄╂壂鎻忋€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏄撳拰 vulnerability scan 婕忔礊鎵弿娣枫€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈璇勮〃鈥濓紝杈呭姪鐢婚潰鐢ㄢ€滈闄╃Г鈥濄€傝〃閲屽垪璧勪骇銆佸▉鑳併€佹紡娲烇紝绉や笂绉板彲鑳芥€у拰褰卞搷銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Risk Assessment = 椋庤瘎琛?+ 椋庨櫓绉ゃ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氶鏆存潵涔嬪墠锛屽皬鏋楀厛濉璇勮〃锛屽啀鐢ㄩ闄╃Г绉颁竴绉帮細鍙兘鎬у楂橈紝鎹熷け澶氶噸銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細椋庨櫓璇勪及鐢ㄨ祫浜с€佸▉鑳併€佹紡娲炪€佸彲鑳芥€у拰褰卞搷鏉ュ垽鏂闄╅珮浣庛€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佸仛缃戝簵瀹夊叏棰勭畻銆?/p>

浠栦笉鑳戒竴涓婃潵灏变拱鏈€璐电殑闃茬伀澧欍€?/p>

浠栧厛鍒楀嚭瀹㈡埛璧勬枡銆佹敮浠樼郴缁熴€佸簱瀛樼郴缁熷拰缃戠珯棣栭〉銆?/p>

鍐嶉棶锛氳皝鍙兘鏀诲嚮锛屽摢閲屾病琛ヤ竵锛屽彂鐢熸鐜囬珮涓嶉珮锛屽潖浜嗕細鎹熷け澶氬皯銆?/p>

杩欏紶琛ㄥ～瀹岋紝鎵嶇煡閬撳厛鏁戞敮浠樼郴缁燂紝杩樻槸鍏堜慨鍚庡彴璐﹀彿銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄闄╄瘎浼般€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰鍑虹幇 asset value銆乼hreat銆乿ulnerability銆乴ikelihood銆乮mpact锛屽厛鎯抽闄╄瘎浼般€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅鐞嗗眰鎯崇煡閬撻闄╁ぇ灏忋€佷紭鍏堢骇銆佸墿浣欓闄┾€濓紝涔熷線椋庨櫓璇勪及涓婇潬銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅敤宸ュ叿鎵惧凡鐭ユ紡娲炩€濓紝閭ｆ槸婕忔礊璇勪及锛屼笉鏄闄╄瘎浼般€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄ā鎷熸敾鍑荤湡鐨勬墦杩涘幓鈥濓紝閭ｆ槸娓楅€忔祴璇曪紝涓嶆槸椋庨櫓璇勪及銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

椋庨櫓璇勪及鐪嬶細鍝噷鏈€鍙兘鍑轰簨锛屽嚭浜嬪鐥涖€?/p>

婕忔礊璇勪及鐪嬶細鍝噷鏈夊凡鐭ュ急鐐广€?/p>

娓楅€忔祴璇曠湅锛氭敾鍑昏矾绾胯兘涓嶈兘鐪熺殑璧伴€氥€?/p>

瀹¤鐪嬶細鎺у埗鏈夋病鏈夋寜瑕佹眰鎵ц骞剁暀涓嬭瘉鎹€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Availability = 鍙敤鎬с€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄棶璧勬枡鏈夋病鏈変繚瀵嗭紝涔熶笉鏄棶鏁版嵁鏈夋病鏈夎鏀广€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫笟鍔¤鐢ㄦ椂锛岀郴缁熴€佹湇鍔°€佹暟鎹兘涓嶈兘鎵撳紑銆佽闂€佸鐞嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Available锛氬彲鑾峰緱銆佸彲璁块棶銆佸彲浣跨敤銆?/p>

Outage锛氬畷鏈恒€?/p>

Unavailable锛氫笉鍙敤銆?/p>

DoS / DDoS锛氳鏈嶅姟琚墦鍒颁笉鍙敤锛岄€氬父浼ゅ埌鍙敤鎬с€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬紑闂ㄨ惀涓氥€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚鎴锋潵涓嬪崟鏃讹紝搴楅棬蹇呴』寮€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬彲鐢ㄩ棬銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉濡傗€滃紑闂ㄨ惀涓氣€濊嚜鐒躲€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬彲鐖辨€с€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝皭闊冲亸绂昏€冪偣锛屽鏄撹鎴愬舰瀹硅瘝銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃紑闂ㄨ惀涓氣€濄€傚畠鑳界洿鎺ユ帴浣忕綉绔欍€佹敹娆俱€佸鏈嶃€佹暟鎹簱鍦ㄨ惀涓氭椂闂村繀椤昏兘鐢ㄣ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Availability = 寮€闂ㄨ惀涓氥€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴锋潵涓嬪崟鏃讹紝搴楅棬寮€鐫€锛屾敹閾舵満鑳界敤锛岀綉绔欒兘鎵撳紑銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍙敤鎬т繚鎶ょ郴缁熷拰鏁版嵁鍦ㄩ渶瑕佹椂鍙闂€佸彲浣跨敤銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉搴楀懆涓€涓婂崍鍋氭椿鍔ㄣ€?/p>

瀹㈡埛宸茬粡鎺掗槦鍑嗗浠樻銆?/p>

缁撴灉缃戠珯鎵撲笉寮€锛屾敹娆炬帴鍙ｄ篃杩炰笉涓娿€?/p>

瀹㈡埛璧勬枡娌℃湁娉勯湶锛岃鍗曢噾棰濅篃娌℃湁琚敼銆?/p>

浣嗗鎴疯涔版椂涔颁笉浜嗐€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄彲鐢ㄦ€ч棶棰樸€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?outage銆乽navailable銆乧annot access銆乻ervice down銆丏DoS锛屽厛鎯冲彲鐢ㄦ€с€?/p>

棰樼洰闂洰鏍囷紝閫?availability銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂姙娉曪紝鍐嶇湅 redundancy銆乥ackup銆乫ailover銆乴oad balancing銆丏RP銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

鏈哄瘑鎬э細涓嶈鐪嬬殑浜虹湅鍒颁簡銆?/p>

瀹屾暣鎬э細鍐呭琚敼鍧忎簡銆?/p>

鍙敤鎬э細璇ョ敤鏃剁敤涓嶄簡銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬浠戒笉鏄彲鐢ㄦ€ф湰韬€傚浠芥槸涓轰簡鍑轰簨鍚庢仮澶嶅彲鐢ㄦ€х殑涓€绉嶆墜娈点€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

PCI DSS = Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細鏀粯鍗¤涓氭暟鎹畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗐€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄斂搴滄硶寰嬫潯鏂囷紝涔熶笉鏄煇涓姞瀵嗙畻娉曘€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬鐞嗕俊鐢ㄥ崱銆佸€熻鍗°€佹寔鍗′汉鏁版嵁鐨勫晢鎴峰拰鏈嶅姟鍟嗭紝瑕侀伒瀹堜粈涔堝畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

PCI锛歅ayment Card Industry锛屾敮浠樺崱琛屼笟銆?/p>

DSS锛欴ata Security Standard锛屾暟鎹畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗐€?/p>

Cardholder data锛氭寔鍗′汉鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Merchant锛氬晢鎴枫€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬埛鍗℃満鏃佺殑鏀粯鍗″畧鍒欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶?PCI DSS 鏀惧埌鏀堕摱鍙帮細鍒峰崱鏈虹鍒板崱鍙凤紝鏃佽竟灏辫创鐫€澶勭悊鎸佸崱浜烘暟鎹殑瀹堝垯銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭媿鍗′竴娆★紝鏁版嵁涓婇攣銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸鍙ｈ銆傝兘璁颁綇鍒峰崱鍜屾暟鎹畨鍏紝浣嗚嫳鏂囧搴斾笉澶熺ǔ銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭姭钀ㄥ簵鏍囧噯銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侾CI 瀹规槗纭嫍鎴愭姭钀紝浣嗘姭钀ㄥ拰鏀粯鍗℃病鏈夊叧绯伙紝浼氭妸鑰冪偣甯﹀亸銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃埛鍗℃満鏃佺殑鏀粯鍗″畧鍒欌€濄€傝繖涓嶆槸纭皭闊筹紝鑰屾槸鍏蜂綋鐗╅挬瀛愶紝鍥犱负 PCI DSS 鐨勬牳蹇冨氨鏄敮浠樺崱琛屼笟鐨勬暟鎹畨鍏ㄨ鐭┿€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

PCI DSS = 鍒峰崱鏈烘梺鐨勬敮浠樺崱瀹堝垯銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃殑鏀堕摱鍙拌兘鍒峰崱锛屽埛鍗℃満鏃佸氨瑕佽创鏀粯鍗″畧鍒欙紝鍗″彿鍜屾寔鍗′汉鏁版嵁涓嶈兘涔卞瓨涔变紶銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細PCI DSS 鏄敮浠樺崱琛屼笟淇濇姢鎸佸崱浜烘暟鎹殑鏁版嵁瀹夊叏鏍囧噯銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鎺ュ叆閾惰鍗℃敮浠樸€?/p>

瀹㈡埛杈撳叆鍗″彿銆佹湁鏁堟湡鍜岄獙璇佺爜銆?/p>

杩欎簺鏁版嵁涓嶆槸鏅€氳鍗曞娉紝涓嶈兘闅忎究瀛橈紝涓嶈兘闅忎究缁欏鏈嶇湅锛屼篃涓嶈兘鐢ㄦ槑鏂囧埌澶勪紶銆?/p>

鏀粯鏈烘瀯鍛婅瘔灏忔灄锛氫綘瑕佸鐞嗘敮浠樺崱鏁版嵁锛屽氨瑕佹寜 PCI DSS 鍋氬畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

鎵€浠ラ鐩湅鍒?credit card銆乸ayment card銆乧ardholder data銆乵erchant锛屽氨鍏堟兂 PCI DSS銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂鐞嗕俊鐢ㄥ崱鏁版嵁瑕侀伒寰粈涔堟爣鍑嗭紝閫?PCI DSS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?payment card銆乧ardholder data銆乵erchant銆乤cquirer锛屼篃寰€ PCI DSS 涓婇潬銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂釜浜洪殣绉佸垹闄ゆ潈锛屽埆閫?PCI DSS锛岃鐪?GDPR 鎴栭殣绉佹硶銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

PCI DSS 绠℃敮浠樺崱琛屼笟鏁版嵁瀹夊叏銆?/p>

GDPR 绠℃鐩熶釜浜烘暟鎹繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

HIPAA 绠＄編鍥藉尰鐤楀仴搴蜂俊鎭€?/p>

FISMA 绠＄編鍥借仈閭︽斂搴滀俊鎭畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Nonrepudiation = 涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬с€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄崟绾瘉鏄庤韩浠芥槸鐪熺殑銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫簨鍚庤兘涓嶈兘璇佹槑杩欎欢浜嬪氨鏄繖涓汉鍋氱殑锛岃浠栦笉鑳藉惁璁ゃ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Repudiate锛氬惁璁ゃ€佹嫆璁ゃ€?/p>

Nonrepudiation锛氫笉鑳芥姷璧栥€?/p>

Digital signature锛氭暟瀛楃鍚嶏紝甯哥敤鏉ヨ瘉鏄庢潵婧愬拰瀹屾暣鎬э紝涔熷父鐢ㄤ簬涓嶅彲鍚﹁銆?/p>

Third party proof锛氳兘鎷跨粰绗笁鏂圭湅锛岃瘉鏄庤皝鍋氳繃銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱浜嗗埆璧栥€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐩存帴鎶撲綇鈥滀簨鍚庝笉鑳藉惁璁も€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳禆璐﹀崟銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸璐熼潰銆傝兘璁颁綇鎶佃禆锛屼絾涓嶅绛句簡鍒禆瀹屾暣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫笉璁歌涓嶃€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お鍙ｈ锛屽鏄撳拰璁块棶鎺у埗鐨勬嫆缁濊闂贩銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅浜嗗埆璧栤€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鏁板瓧绛惧悕銆佷氦鏄撶‘璁ゃ€佸鎵硅褰曢兘涓茶捣鏉ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Nonrepudiation = 绛句簡鍒禆銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫綘绛捐繃杩欏紶鐢靛瓙鏀舵嵁锛屼簨鍚庝笉鑳借涓嶆槸浣犮€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬ц琛屼负浜轰簨鍚庝笉鑳藉惁璁よ嚜宸卞彂杩囨秷鎭€佺杩囨枃浠舵垨瀹屾垚杩囦氦鏄撱€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵缁欎緵搴斿晢浠樻銆?/p>

璐㈠姟涓荤鐢ㄦ暟瀛楃鍚嶆壒鍑嗕簡浠樻銆?/p>

鍑犲ぉ鍚庝粬璇达細杩欎笉鏄垜鎵圭殑銆?/p>

濡傛灉绯荤粺鑳芥嬁鍑虹鍚嶃€佹椂闂淬€佽褰曞拰瀹屾暣璇佹嵁锛岃瘉鏄庤繖绗斿鎵圭‘瀹炴潵鑷粬锛屼粬灏变笉鑳芥姷璧栥€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄笉鍙惁璁ゆ€с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?cannot deny later銆乸rove to a third party銆乻igned transaction銆乨igital signature锛屽厛鎯充笉鍙惁璁ゆ€с€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滆瘉鏄庢秷鎭潵鑷煇浜哄苟涓斾簨鍚庝笉鑳藉惁璁も€濓紝閫?nonrepudiation銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶鈥滅櫥褰曟椂韬唤鏄湡鏄亣鈥濓紝浼樺厛鐪?authentication 鎴?authenticity銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

鐪熷疄鎬х湅锛氳韩浠芥垨鏉ユ簮鏄笉鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

璁よ瘉鐪嬶細绯荤粺鎬庝箞楠岃瘉浣犳槸璋併€?/p>

涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬х湅锛氬仛瀹屼互鍚庤兘涓嶈兘璧栥€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氳璇侀€氳繃涓嶇瓑浜庝笉鍙惁璁ゃ€備笉鍙惁璁よ鑳藉湪浜嬪悗鎷胯瘉鎹娓呮銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Defense in Depth / 绾垫繁闃插尽

Defense in Depth 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃灞傞槻寰♀€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄鏀诲嚮鑰呬笉鏄繃涓€閬撻棬灏辫繘浠撳簱锛岃€屾槸瑕佽繛缁繃澶氶亾涓嶅悓鐨勫叧鍗°€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Defense in Depth = 绾垫繁闃插尽銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄拱涓€涓渶寮哄伐鍏枫€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫竴灞傚け瀹堝悗锛屼笅涓€灞傝繕鑳戒笉鑳芥尅浣忋€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Depth锛氱旱娣憋紝涓嶆槸涓€鏉¤杽绾匡紝鑰屾槸寰€閲屾湁灞傛銆?/p>

Layering锛氬垎灞傘€?/p>

Multiple controls锛氬涓帶鍒躲€?/p>

Compensating effect锛氬墠闈㈡病鎸′綇锛屽悗闈㈣繕鑳借ˉ涓€鍒€銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬眰灞傚叧鍗°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶婄旱娣遍槻寰″彉鎴愰棬绂併€佽处鍙枫€佹潈闄愩€佹棩蹇椾竴灞備竴灞傘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬閬撻棬銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗙暐绐勩€傚彧鎯冲埌闂紝鍙兘婕忔帀鐩戞帶銆佹棩蹇椼€佹暟鎹帶鍒躲€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶槻寰¤秺娣辫秺濂姐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚儚鍙ｅ彿锛屼笉鍛婅瘔灏忕櫧鎬庝箞鐢ㄣ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃眰灞傚叧鍗♀€濄€傚畠鏈夌敾闈紝涔熻兘鍥炲埌棰樼洰閲岀殑澶氫釜鎺у埗銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Defense in Depth = 灞傚眰鍏冲崱銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭敾鍑昏€呰繘灏忔灄浠撳簱锛岃杩囧ぇ闂ㄣ€佸墠鍙般€佺數鑴戠櫥褰曘€佺郴缁熸潈闄愩€佹暟鎹姞瀵嗗拰鏃ュ織鐩戞帶銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細绾垫繁闃插尽鐢ㄥ灞備笉鍚屾帶鍒堕檷浣庡崟鐐瑰け瀹堢殑椋庨櫓銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉搴楀悗鍙颁笉鑳藉彧闈犱竴涓瘑鐮併€?/p>

鍏徃闂ㄥ彛鏈夐棬绂侊紝鐢佃剳瑕佺櫥褰曪紝鍚庡彴瑕?MFA锛屾暟鎹簱鏈夋潈闄愶紝鏁忔劅瀛楁鍔犲瘑锛屾棩蹇楄繕浼氳褰曞紓甯搞€?/p>

濡傛灉瀵嗙爜琚伔锛孧FA 杩樿兘鎸°€?/p>

濡傛灉璐﹀彿琚互鐢紝鏃ュ織杩樿兘鍙戠幇銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄眰灞傚叧鍗°€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?multiple layers銆乴ayered controls銆乶o single control is enough锛屽厛鎯崇旱娣遍槻寰°€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滀负浠€涔堜笉瑕佸彧渚濊禆涓€涓畨鍏ㄦ帶鍒垛€濓紝閫?defense in depth銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄妸绯荤粺鎷嗘垚妯″潡鎵捐竟鐣屸€濓紝閭ｆ洿鍍?decomposition 鎴?abstraction锛屼笉鏄旱娣遍槻寰°€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

绾垫繁闃插尽鐪嬶細澶氬眰鎺у埗銆?/p>

鍒嗗眰 Layering 鐪嬶細鎶婃帶鍒舵垨绯荤粺鎸夊眰鎽嗘斁銆?/p>

鎶借薄 Abstraction 鐪嬶細鎶婄浉浼煎璞″垎缁勶紝闅愯棌缁嗚妭銆?/p>

鏁版嵁闅愯棌 Data Hiding 鐪嬶細涓嶈鍐呴儴缁嗚妭鏆撮湶銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Due Diligence / 灏借亴璋冩煡

Due Diligence 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃敖鑱屸€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄湪鍋氬喅瀹氬墠锛岃鏌ョ殑鍏堟煡娓呮锛屼笉鑳介棴鐪肩瀛椼€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Due Diligence = 灏借亴璋冩煡銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄凡缁忓紑濮嬪仛浜嬫椂鐨勫皬蹇冩搷浣溿€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬湪閲囪喘銆佸苟璐€佸悎浣溿€佹帴鍙楅闄╀箣鍓嶏紝鏈夋病鏈夋妸璇ユ煡鐨勮祫鏂欐煡瀹屻€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Due锛氬簲褰撳仛鐨勩€?/p>

Diligence锛氬嫟鍕夈€佽鐪熻皟鏌ャ€?/p>

Investigation / review锛氳皟鏌ャ€佸鏌ャ€?/p>

Third party / acquisition / supplier锛氱涓夋柟銆佸苟璐€佷緵搴斿晢锛屽父瑙﹀彂灏借亴璋冩煡銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱鍓嶆煡銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶撲綇鈥滃仛鍐冲畾鍓嶅厛鏌モ€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬敖鑱屾竻鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇瑕佷竴椤逛竴椤规煡锛屽苟鐣欎笅璇佹嵁銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱煡閬撳啀鍋氥€?/p>

淇濈暀銆俤ue diligence 鍋忊€滃厛鐭ラ亾銆佸厛璁″垝銆佸厛鏌ユ竻鈥濓紝due care 鍋忊€滃仛鐨勬椂鍊欏悎鐞嗗皬蹇冣€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氬敖鍔涘伐浣溿€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お娉涳紝瀹规槗鍜?due care 娣锋垚鈥滃伐浣滄椂灏忓績鈥濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅鍓嶆煡鈥濓紝杈呭姪鍙ョ敤鈥滅煡閬撳啀鍋氣€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸渚涘簲鍟嗐€佸苟璐€佸悎鍚屻€侀闄╂帴鍙椼€佹斂绛栬鍒掑拰鐣欒瘉閮芥媺鍥炴潵銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Due Diligence = 绛惧墠鏌ワ紝鐭ラ亾鍐嶅仛銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃渚涘簲鍟嗗悎鍚屽墠锛屽厛鏌ュ鏂瑰畨鍏ㄣ€佸悎瑙勩€佽储鍔″拰浜や粯椋庨櫓锛涙煡瀹岀暀璇侊紝鎵嶇畻鐭ラ亾鑷繁璇ユ€庝箞鍋氥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細灏借亴璋冩煡鏄湪琛屽姩鎴栧喅绛栧墠鍚堢悊璋冩煡銆佽鍒掋€佸鏌ュ苟鐣欎笅渚濇嵁銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍑嗗鎶婃敮浠樼郴缁熷鍖呯粰涓€瀹朵緵搴斿晢銆?/p>

渚涘簲鍟嗚鑷繁寰堝畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

灏忔灄涓嶈兘鐩存帴绛俱€?/p>

浠栬鏌ヤ緵搴斿晢鏈夋病鏈夊畨鍏ㄨ璇併€佷簨鏁呰褰曘€佹暟鎹鐞嗘柟寮忋€佸悎鍚岃矗浠汇€佸浠借兘鍔涘拰鍚堣瑕佹眰銆?/p>

浠栬繕瑕佺暀涓嬭褰曪細鏌ヤ簡浠€涔堬紝璋佹壒鍑嗭紝鍝簺椋庨櫓鎺ュ彈锛屽摢浜涢闄╄澶勭悊銆?/p>

杩欎竴姝ュ彨灏借亴璋冩煡銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?before acquisition銆乥efore contract銆乮nvestigate supplier銆乺eview third-party risk锛屽厛鎯?due diligence銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅绾﹀墠瑕佸仛浠€涔堚€濓紝澶氬崐鏄敖鑱岃皟鏌ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄湁娌℃湁璁″垝銆佹斂绛栥€佹祦绋嬨€佸鎵广€佽皟鏌ヨ褰曗€濓紝涔熷線 due diligence 涓婇潬銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄墽琛岃繃绋嬩腑瑕佸儚鍚堢悊浜轰竴鏍峰皬蹇冣€濓紝閭ｆ槸 due care銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Due diligence锛氬喅瀹氬墠鏌ユ竻妤氥€?/p>

Due care锛氬仛浜嬫椂淇濇寔鍚堢悊璋ㄦ厧銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫竴涓槸鈥滅鍓嶆煡鈥濓紝涓€涓槸鈥滃仛鏃舵厧鈥濄€備笉瑕侀兘缈绘垚灏借矗鍚庢贩鍦ㄤ竴璧枫€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細RTO / 鎭㈠鏃堕棿鐩爣

RTO 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屼笁涓瓧姣嶃€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠闂殑鏄郴缁熸渶澶氬涔呭繀椤绘仮澶嶏紝瓒呰繃杩欎釜鏃堕棿涓氬姟灏卞彈涓嶄簡銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

RTO = Recovery Time Objective銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細鎭㈠鏃堕棿鐩爣銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄棶鏈€澶氳兘涓㈠灏戞暟鎹€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭湇鍔′腑鏂悗锛屽涔呬互鍐呰鎭㈠杩愯銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Recovery锛氭仮澶嶃€?/p>

Time锛氭椂闂淬€?/p>

T 灏辨槸 Time銆傜湅鍒?RTO 涓棿鐨?T锛屽厛鎶婅剳瀛愭媺鍥炩€滃涔呪€濄€?/p>

Objective锛氱洰鏍囷紝涓嶄竴瀹氱瓑浜庣湡瀹炴仮澶嶆椂闂达紝鑰屾槸涓氬姟瑕佹眰鐨勭洰鏍囥€?/p>

Downtime锛氬仠鏈烘椂闂淬€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬€掕鏃剁墝銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜郴缁熷仠浜嗕互鍚庯紝澧欎笂寮€濮嬪€掕鏃讹細2 灏忔椂鍐呭繀椤诲洖鏉ャ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱儹姹ゅ摝銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝櫧鐒惰兘纭帴 R-T-O锛屼絾鐢婚潰瀹规槗璺戝亸锛屼箣鍓嶄篃鏄惧緱鐢熺‖銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶檺鏃跺娲汇€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕綔涓鸿緟鍔┿€傝兘璁颁綇鈥滄椂闂撮檺鍒垛€濓紝浣嗕笉濡傚€掕鏃剁墝鍏蜂綋銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃€掕鏃剁墝鈥濄€俁TO 鐨勬牳蹇冧笉鏄皭闊筹紝鑰屾槸鏃堕棿鐩爣锛屽€掕鏃舵渶绋炽€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

RTO = 鍊掕鏃剁墝銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭敹娆剧郴缁熷仠浜嗭紝鍊掕鏃剁墝寮€濮嬭蛋锛? 灏忔椂鍐呭繀椤绘仮澶嶅彲鐢ㄣ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細RTO 鏄笟鍔¤兘鎺ュ彈鐨勬渶闀挎仮澶嶆椂闂寸洰鏍囥€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勬敹娆剧郴缁熶腑鍗?12 鐐瑰畷鏈恒€?/p>

鍏徃瑙勫畾鏈€澶?2 灏忔椂蹇呴』鎭㈠銆?/p>

澧欎笂鍊掕鏃朵粠 2:00:00 寮€濮嬭烦銆?/p>

濡傛灉涓嬪崍 2 鐐瑰墠鎭㈠锛岀鍚?RTO銆?/p>

濡傛灉涓嬪崍 4 鐐规墠鎭㈠锛岃秴杩?RTO锛屼笟鍔″凡缁忓彈涓嶄簡銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄仮澶嶆椂闂寸洰鏍囥€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?how long can system be down銆乵aximum acceptable downtime銆乼ime to restore锛屽厛鎯?RTO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄渶澶氳兘涓㈠灏戞暟鎹€濓紝閫?RPO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滀笟鍔℃渶澶氳兘蹇嶅涔呭仠鎽嗏€濓紝鍙兘鏄?MTD锛岃鐪嬪畠闂笟鍔″繊鑰愪笂闄愯繕鏄叿浣撴仮澶嶇洰鏍囥€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

RTO锛氬涔呮仮澶嶃€?/p>

RPO锛氫涪澶氬皯鏁版嵁銆?/p>

MTD锛氫笟鍔℃渶澶氳兘蹇嶅仠澶氫箙銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歊TO 涓嶆槸澶囦唤棰戠巼銆傚浠介鐜囨洿瀹规槗褰卞搷 RPO銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細NIST / 缇庡浗鍥藉鏍囧噯涓庢妧鏈爺绌堕櫌

NIST 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滅編鍥芥煇鏈烘瀯鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鍍忎竴鏈摑鑹?SP 800 鍙傝€冧功锛屽憡璇夌粍缁囧畨鍏ㄦ鏋躲€佹寚鍗楀拰鎺у埗鎬庝箞鎵俱€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

NIST = National Institute of Standards and Technology銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細缇庡浗鍥藉鏍囧噯涓庢妧鏈爺绌堕櫌銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄墽娉曟満鍏筹紝涔熶笉鏄崠瀹夊叏浜у搧鐨勪緵搴斿晢銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬畨鍏ㄦ鏋躲€佹帶鍒躲€侀闄╃鐞嗐€佸瘑鐮佹爣鍑嗚繖浜涘弬鑰冧粠鍝噷鏉ャ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

National Institute锛氬浗瀹舵満鏋勩€?/p>

Standards and Technology锛氭爣鍑嗕笌鎶€鏈€?/p>

Framework锛氭鏋躲€?/p>

SP 800锛歂IST 鐗瑰埆鍑虹増鐗╃郴鍒楋紝CISSP 棰橀噷甯歌銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳摑鑹?SP 800 鍙傝€冧功銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆侰ISSP 棰橀噷甯告妸 NIST 鍜?SP 800銆丷MF銆丆SF 鏀惧湪涓€璧疯€冦€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭爣鍑嗗昂銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸娉涖€侼IST 缁欑殑鏄爣鍑嗗拰妗嗘灦锛屽儚涓€鎶婂昂瀛愶紝浣嗕笉濡?SP 800 璐撮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬凹鏂壒鑰佸笀銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗚緟鍔┿€傝兘璁颁綇璇婚煶锛屼絾涓嶅 SP 800 鍙傝€冧功璐撮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氫綘姝讳粬銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝皭闊崇矖鏆达紝鐢婚潰涓嶈创鐭ヨ瘑鐐广€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆摑鑹?SP 800 鍙傝€冧功鈥濄€傚畠姣斿崟绾皭闊虫洿璐撮锛岃兘璁╁皬鐧借浣?NIST 鏄畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗐€佹鏋跺拰鎸囧崡鐨勬潵婧愩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

NIST = 钃濊壊 SP 800 鍙傝€冧功銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋椾笉鐭ラ亾瀹夊叏鎺у埗鎬庝箞閫夛紝灏辩炕寮€钃濊壊 NIST SP 800 鍙傝€冧功銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細NIST 鎻愪緵瀹夊叏鏍囧噯銆佹鏋跺拰鎸囧崡锛屽府鍔╃粍缁囧缓绔嬪拰璇勪及瀹夊叏鎺у埗銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佺粰缃戝簵寤虹珛瀹夊叏鍒跺害銆?/p>

浠栦笉鎯冲嚟鎰熻涔卞啓銆?/p>

浜庢槸鎷垮嚭涓€鏈摑鑹插弬鑰冧功锛屽皝闈㈠啓鐫€ NIST SP 800銆?/p>

涔﹂噷鍛婅瘔浠栵細鎬庝箞鍒嗙被绯荤粺锛屾€庝箞閫夋帶鍒讹紝鎬庝箞璇勪及鎺у埗锛屾€庝箞鎸佺画鐩戞帶銆?/p>

NIST 涓嶆浛浠栬繍钀ョ郴缁燂紝浣嗙粰浠栦竴濂楀彲淇＄殑鍙傝€冦€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?NIST RMF銆丼P 800銆乻ecurity framework銆乧ontrol catalog锛屽厛鎯?NIST銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅編鍥藉摢涓満鏋勫彂甯冭繖浜涘畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗗拰鎸囧崡鈥濓紝閫?NIST銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂敮浠樺崱鏁版嵁瀹夊叏锛屽埆閫?NIST锛屽厛鐪?PCI DSS銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂璁″噯鍒欐垨鍏徃鍐呴儴鏀跨瓥锛屼篃涓嶈涓€鐪?standard 灏变贡閫?NIST锛岃鐪嬮鐩潵婧愩€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

NIST锛氱編鍥芥爣鍑嗕笌鎶€鏈満鏋勶紝鍑烘鏋跺拰鎸囧崡銆?/p>

ISO锛氬浗闄呮爣鍑嗙粍缁囷紝鍑哄浗闄呮爣鍑嗐€?/p>

PCI DSS锛氭敮浠樺崱琛屼笟鏁版嵁瀹夊叏鏍囧噯銆?/p>

COBIT锛氭不鐞嗗拰鎺у埗妗嗘灦锛屾洿鍋?IT 娌荤悊銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Standard / 鏍囧噯

Standard 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄爣鍑嗏€濅袱涓瓧銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄叕鍙歌瀹氱殑纭姹傦紝鍛婅瘔浣犲繀椤诲仛鍒颁粈涔堢▼搴︺€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Standard = 鏍囧噯銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄ぇ鏂瑰悜鍙ｅ彿锛屼篃涓嶆槸涓€姝ヤ竴姝ユ搷浣滆鏄庛€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭煇浠朵簨蹇呴』杈惧埌鍝潯鍏蜂綋瑕佹眰銆?/p>

姣斿鍏徃鏀跨瓥璇粹€滆处鍙疯瀹夊叏鈥濓紝鏍囧噯灏变細鍐欌€滃瘑鐮佽嚦灏?14 浣嶃€佸繀椤诲紑 MFA銆?0 澶╁唴绂佺敤绂昏亴璐﹀彿鈥濄€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Policy锛氭斂绛栵紝澶ф柟鍚戯紝鍛婅瘔缁勭粐瑕佸仛浠€涔堛€?/p>

Standard锛氭爣鍑嗭紝鍏蜂綋纭姹傦紝鍛婅瘔蹇呴』杈惧埌浠€涔堟按骞炽€?/p>

Procedure锛氱▼搴忥紝姝ラ锛屽憡璇夋寜浠€涔堥『搴忓仛銆?/p>

Guideline锛氭寚鍗楋紝寤鸿锛岄€氬父涓嶆槸寮哄埗銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱‖灏烘潯銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛爣鍑嗗儚涓€鎶婄‖灏猴紝閲忎笉澶熷氨鏄笉鍚堟牸銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱孩绾胯姹傘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞€傚悎璁扳€滃繀椤诲仛鍒帮紝涓嶈兘浣庝簬绾㈢嚎鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭爣鍑嗙瓟妗堛€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏄撹浼氭垚鑰冭瘯绛旀锛屼笉璐村畨鍏ㄦ枃浠跺眰绾с€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅‖灏烘潯鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸 standard 鍜?policy銆乸rocedure銆乬uideline 鍒嗗紑銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Standard = 纭昂鏉°€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭斂绛栬璐﹀彿瑕佸畨鍏紝鏍囧噯鎷跨‖灏烘潯閲忓嚭鏉ワ細瀵嗙爜澶氶暱銆丮FA 寮€涓嶅紑銆佹棩蹇楃暀澶氫箙銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏍囧噯鏄粍缁囧繀椤婚伒瀹堢殑鍏蜂綋瀹夊叏瑕佹眰銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄璇达細鈥滄垜浠淇濇姢瀹㈡埛璐﹀彿銆傗€?/p>

杩欏彞璇濆お澶э紝鍛樺伐涓嶇煡閬撴€庝箞鍋氭墠绠楀悎鏍笺€?/p>

浜庢槸鍏徃鍐欐爣鍑嗭細绠＄悊鍛樿处鍙峰繀椤?MFA锛屾櫘閫氳处鍙峰瘑鐮佽嚦灏?14 浣嶏紝鐧诲綍澶辫触 5 娆￠攣瀹氥€?/p>

杩欎笉鏄缓璁紝鑰屾槸纭姹傘€?/p>

璋佷綆浜庤繖鎶婂昂锛屽氨涓嶅悎鏍笺€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?mandatory銆乻pecific requirement銆乵inimum baseline锛屽厛鎯?standard銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?high-level statement of management intent锛岄€?policy銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?step-by-step instructions锛岄€?procedure銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?recommended but not mandatory锛岄€?guideline銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂渶浣庡畨鍏ㄩ厤缃垨鏈€浣庣粺涓€姘村钩锛屽彲鑳芥槸 baseline锛屼笉瑕佸拰 standard 纭贩銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Policy锛氬畾鏂瑰悜銆?/p>

Standard锛氬畾纭姹傘€?/p>

Procedure锛氬畾姝ラ銆?/p>

Guideline锛氱粰寤鸿銆?/p>

Baseline锛氭渶浣庣嚎銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒扳€滄爣鍑嗏€濅笉瑕佺洿鎺ユ兂鍒?NIST銆傝繖閲岄棶鐨勬槸缁勭粐鏂囦欢灞傜骇閲岀殑 standard銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Vulnerability Assessment / 婕忔礊璇勪及

Vulnerability Assessment 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄壘婕忔礊鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄敤妫€鏌ュ拰鎵弿鎵惧凡鐭ュ急鐐癸紝浣嗕笉涓€瀹氱湡鐨勬墦杩涘幓銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Vulnerability Assessment = 婕忔礊璇勪及銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄闄╄瘎浼帮紝涔熶笉鏄笚閫忔祴璇曘€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氱郴缁熷摢閲屾湁宸茬煡寮辩偣銆佺己琛ヤ竵銆侀敊璇厤缃€佸急瀵嗙爜鎴栨毚闇叉湇鍔°€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Vulnerability锛氭紡娲炪€佸急鐐广€?/p>

Assessment锛氳瘎浼般€佹鏌ャ€?/p>

Known weakness锛氬凡鐭ュ急鐐广€?/p>

Missing patch锛氱己琛ヤ竵銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭壘娲炴竻鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛瘡鍙戠幇涓€涓礊锛屽氨鍐欒繘娓呭崟銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳ˉ涓佷綋妫€銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸绐勩€傛紡娲炰笉鍙己琛ヤ竵锛屼篃鍖呮嫭閰嶇疆鍜屽急瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶粦瀹㈠疄鎴樸€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏇村儚 penetration testing 娓楅€忔祴璇曘€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄壘娲炴竻鍗曗€濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細杩欐槸鎵炬礊锛屼笉鏄畻椋庨櫓锛屼篃涓嶆槸瀹炴垬鎵撶┛銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Vulnerability Assessment = 鎵炬礊娓呭崟銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁嬁鎵弿鍣ㄦ鏌ユ湇鍔″櫒锛屾妸鏃х増鏈€佸急瀵嗙爜銆佸紑鏀剧鍙ｅ啓鎴愭壘娲炴竻鍗曘€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細婕忔礊璇勪及璇嗗埆绯荤粺涓凡鐭ュ急鐐广€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉搴楀悗鍙拌涓婄嚎銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鍏堣窇鎵弿鍣ㄣ€?/p>

鎵弿鍣ㄥ彂鐜板悗鍙扮粍浠跺お鏃с€佹祴璇曟帴鍙ｆ病鍏炽€佹暟鎹簱绔彛鏆撮湶銆佺鐞嗗憳瀵嗙爜绛栫暐澶急銆?/p>

杩欎簺缁撴灉璇存槑绯荤粺鏈夋礊銆?/p>

浣嗘壂鎻忓櫒娌℃湁鐪熺殑鍐掑厖鏀诲嚮鑰呬竴姝ユ杩涘悗鍙般€?/p>

鎵€浠ヨ繖鏄紡娲炶瘎浼帮紝涓嶆槸娓楅€忔祴璇曘€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?known vulnerabilities銆乵issing patches銆乤utomated scanner銆亀eaknesses锛屽厛鎯?vulnerability assessment銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?impact銆乴ikelihood銆乤sset value锛岄€?risk assessment銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?simulate attacker銆乪xploit path銆乤uthorized attack锛岄€?penetration testing銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

椋庨櫓璇勪及锛氬垽鏂闄╁ぇ灏忓拰浼樺厛绾с€?/p>

婕忔礊璇勪及锛氭壘宸茬煡寮辩偣銆?/p>

娓楅€忔祴璇曪細妯℃嫙鏀诲嚮楠岃瘉鑳戒笉鑳芥墦杩涘幓銆?/p>

瀹¤锛氭煡鎺у埗鏈夋病鏈夋寜瑕佹眰鎵ц骞剁暀涓嬭瘉鎹€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

BCP = Business Continuity Plan銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細涓氬姟杩炵画鎬ц鍒掋€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄彧绠℃湇鍔″櫒鎬庝箞鎭㈠銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫笟鍔′腑鏂湡闂村拰涔嬪悗锛屽叕鍙告€庝箞缁х画鎻愪緵鍏抽敭涓氬姟鍔熻兘銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Business锛氫笟鍔★紝涓嶅彧鏄湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

Continuity锛氱户缁紝涓嶈涓氬姟瓒翠笅銆?/p>

Plan锛氳鍒掞紝鎻愬墠鍐欏ソ璋佸仛浠€涔堛€?/p>

Critical business function锛氬叧閿笟鍔″姛鑳斤紝姣斿鏀舵銆佷笅鍗曘€佸鏈嶃€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫繚钀ヤ笟璁″垝銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐩存帴鎶撲綇 BCP 鐨勬湰璐細绯荤粺鍑轰簨锛屽簵杩樿灏介噺钀ヤ笟銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬埆鍋滈摵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚皬鏋楃綉搴椾笉鑳藉洜涓虹郴缁熷潖浜嗗氨鏁村搴楀仠鎽嗐€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱櫧鑿滅墖 bai cai pian銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗彧鍋氳闊宠緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳藉府璁?B-C-P锛屼絾涓嶈兘褰撲富瑙ｉ噴銆?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氬浠借鍒掋€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚浠藉彧鏄墜娈碉紝BCP 绠＄殑鏄笟鍔℃€庝箞缁х画銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀繚钀ヤ笟璁″垝 / 鍒仠閾衡€濄€俠ai cai pian 鍙仛璇婚煶杈呭姪锛岀湡姝ｈ璁扮殑鏄笟鍔′腑鏂椂鎬庝箞缁х画钀ヤ笟銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

BCP = 淇濊惀涓氳鍒?= 鍒仠閾恒€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱郴缁熷潖浜嗭紝灏忔灄鍏堟嬁鍑轰繚钀ヤ笟璁″垝锛岃鎺ュ崟銆佸鏈嶃€佹敹娆惧拰鍙戣揣鍒仠閾恒€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細BCP 璁╁叧閿笟鍔″湪涓柇鏈熼棿鍜屼箣鍚庣户缁繍杞€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉搴楁敮浠樼郴缁熸晠闅溿€?/p>

涓氬姟閮ㄩ棬涓嶈兘鍙瓑 IT 鎱㈡參淇€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鍏堥€氱煡瀹㈡埛锛岄攢鍞敼鐢ㄤ复鏃惰鍗曡〃锛岃储鍔″惎鐢ㄥ鐢ㄦ敹娆炬柟寮忥紝浠撳簱鎸夋墜宸ユ竻鍗曞彂璐с€?/p>

杩欎簺鍔ㄤ綔涓嶆槸鍦ㄤ慨鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

瀹冧滑鏄湪璁╀笟鍔″厛鍒洞涓嬨€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?BCP銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?maintain business operations銆乧ontinue critical functions銆乨uring and after disruption锛屽厛鎯?BCP銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?IT 绯荤粺銆佹湇鍔″櫒銆佹暟鎹簱銆佺綉缁滄€庝箞鎭㈠锛岄€?DRP銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂涔呮仮澶嶏紝鍙兘鏄?RTO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂渶澶氫涪澶氬皯鏁版嵁锛屽彲鑳芥槸 RPO銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

BCP锛氫笟鍔℃€庝箞缁х画娲汇€?/p>

DRP锛欼T 绯荤粺鐏惧悗鎬庝箞鎷夎捣鏉ャ€?/p>

BIA锛氬厛鍒嗘瀽涓氬姟鍋滀簡浼氶€犳垚浠€涔堝奖鍝嶃€?/p>

澶囦唤锛氭仮澶嶆暟鎹殑涓€绉嶆潗鏂欙紝涓嶇瓑浜庢暣涓?BCP銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

RPO = Recovery Point Objective銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細鎭㈠鐐圭洰鏍囥€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄棶澶氫箙鎭㈠绯荤粺銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氱伨闅惧彂鐢熷悗锛屾暟鎹渶澶氬彲浠ュ洖閫€鍒板涔呬互鍓嶃€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Recovery锛氭仮澶嶃€?/p>

Point锛氱偣锛屾暟鎹仮澶嶅埌鍝釜鏃堕棿鐐广€?/p>

Objective锛氱洰鏍囥€?/p>

Data loss锛氭暟鎹涪澶便€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬洖妗ｇ偣銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛父鎴忓洖妗ｅ埌鍝釜瀛樻。鐐癸紝寰堣创 RPO銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫涪鍗曠獥鍙ｃ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜綉搴楁渶鎬曚涪璁㈠崟锛岄€傚悎灏忔灄鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭仮澶嶆椂闂淬€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏄?RTO锛屼笉鏄?RPO銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃洖妗ｇ偣鈥濄€傚畠鑳界洿鎺ヨ浣?point 鏄偣锛岄棶鏁版嵁鍥炲埌鍝竴鐐广€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

RPO = 鍥炴。鐐广€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭暟鎹簱鍧忎簡锛屽皬鏋楁渶澶氭帴鍙楀洖鍒?15 鍒嗛挓鍓嶇殑瀛樻。鐐广€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細RPO 鏄笟鍔¤兘鎺ュ彈鐨勬渶澶ф暟鎹涪澶辨椂闂寸獥鍙ｃ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勮鍗曟暟鎹簱涓嬪崍 3 鐐瑰潖浜嗐€?/p>

鏈€杩戜竴娆″浠芥槸 2 鐐?45 鍒嗐€?/p>

濡傛灉鎭㈠鍒?2 鐐?45 鍒嗭紝3 鐐瑰墠閭?15 鍒嗛挓璁㈠崟鍙兘涓㈠け銆?/p>

鍏徃濡傛灉鑳芥帴鍙楁渶澶氫涪 15 鍒嗛挓璁㈠崟锛孯PO 灏辨槸 15 鍒嗛挓銆?/p>

杩欒窡绯荤粺 1 灏忔椂鍚庢墠鎭㈠鏄袱浠朵簨銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?maximum data loss銆乺ecover to which point銆乴ast acceptable backup point锛屽厛鎯?RPO銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?more frequent data captures銆乺eplication frequency锛屼篃甯稿湪鑰冩€庝箞闄嶄綆 RPO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?how quickly recovered銆乨owntime銆乺estore within X hours锛岄€?RTO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂笟鍔℃渶闀胯兘蹇嶅仠澶氫箙锛岄€?MTD銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

RPO锛氭渶澶氫涪澶氬皯鏁版嵁銆?/p>

RTO锛氬涔呮仮澶嶇郴缁熴€?/p>

MTD锛氫笟鍔℃渶闀胯兘蹇嶅涔呭仠鎽嗐€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒?recovery 涓嶈鎬ョ潃閫?RTO銆傚厛鐪嬮鐩棶 time to restore锛岃繕鏄?data loss point銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

CISO = Chief Information Security Officer銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細棣栧腑淇℃伅瀹夊叏瀹樸€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄櫘閫氱郴缁熺鐞嗗憳锛屼篃涓嶆槸涓氬姟鏁版嵁 owner 鐨勬浛浠ｅ搧銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳皝棰嗗瀹夊叏璁″垝銆佸崗璋冨畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ャ€佸悜楂樺眰姹囨姤瀹夊叏椋庨櫓銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Chief锛氶珮灞傝礋璐ｄ汉銆?/p>

Information Security锛氫俊鎭畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

Officer锛氬畼鍛樸€佽礋璐ｄ汉銆?/p>

Security program锛氬畨鍏ㄨ鍒掋€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欳 浣嶅畨鍏ㄥ畼銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆侰ISO 鍧愬湪绠＄悊灞備細璁鐨?C 浣嶏紝鎶婂畨鍏ㄩ闄┿€侀绠楀拰娌荤悊璁茬粰楂樺眰鍚€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬畨鍏ㄦ€荤銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚皬鐧藉鏄撶悊瑙ｏ細涓嶆槸淇數鑴戠殑浜猴紝鑰屾槸绠″畨鍏ㄦ柟鍚戠殑浜恒€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳タ绱€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞煶璇戣兘璇伙紝浣嗘病鏈夎€冪偣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氬畨鍏ㄧ炕璇戝畼銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗚緟鍔┿€侰ISO 甯告妸鎶€鏈闄╃炕璇戠粰楂樺眰銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€淐 浣嶅畨鍏ㄥ畼鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥姄浣?CISO 鐨勯珮灞傛眹鎶ュ拰娌荤悊瑙掕壊銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

CISO = C 浣嶅畨鍏ㄥ畼銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀叕鍙哥殑 C 浣嶅畨鍏ㄥ畼鍧愬湪绠＄悊灞備細璁鍓嶏紝鎶婂畨鍏ㄨ鍒掋€侀闄╂眹鎶ュ拰鎺у埗鎺ㄨ繘涓茶捣鏉ャ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細CISO 璐熻矗棰嗗鍜屽崗璋冪粍缁囩殑淇℃伅瀹夊叏璁″垝銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鍑轰簡鏁版嵁娉勯湶銆?/p>

绯荤粺绠＄悊鍛樿兘淇湇鍔″櫒锛屾硶鍔¤兘鐪嬫硶瑙勶紝瀹㈡湇鑳介€氱煡瀹㈡埛銆?/p>

浣嗚皝鎶婂畨鍏ㄨ鍒掋€侀闄┿€侀绠椼€佽矗浠诲拰楂樺眰姹囨姤涓茶捣鏉ワ紵

杩欎釜瑙掕壊灏辨槸 CISO銆?/p>

浠栦笉鏄瘡鍙版満鍣ㄧ殑鎿嶄綔鍛橈紝鑰屾槸瀹夊叏璁″垝鐨勮礋璐ｄ汉銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?who manages security program銆乺eports security risk銆乴eads information security锛屽厛鎯?CISO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?who ultimately owns organizational risk锛岄€氬父鐪?senior management銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?data classification owner锛屽彲鑳芥槸 data owner 鎴?business owner銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

CISO锛氶瀵煎畨鍏ㄨ鍒掋€?/p>

Senior management锛氭渶缁堟壙鎷呮不鐞嗗拰椋庨櫓璐ｄ换銆?/p>

Data owner锛氬喅瀹氭暟鎹垎绫诲拰璁块棶瑕佹眰銆?/p>

System administrator锛氭墽琛屽叿浣撶郴缁熼厤缃€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

ISO = International Organization for Standardization銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細鍥介檯鏍囧噯鍖栫粍缁囥€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄編鍥芥満鏋勶紝涔熶笉鏄敮浠樺崱琛屼笟鏍囧噯銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬浗闄呴€氱敤鐨勭鐞嗕綋绯汇€佷俊鎭畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗕粠鍝噷鏉ャ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

International锛氬浗闄呫€?/p>

Standardization锛氭爣鍑嗗寲銆?/p>

ISO 27001锛氫俊鎭畨鍏ㄧ鐞嗕綋绯汇€?/p>

ISO 27002锛氫俊鎭畨鍏ㄦ帶鍒跺疄璺垫寚鍗椼€?/p>

ISO 15408锛欳ommon Criteria 鐩稿叧鏍囧噯锛屽父鍜屼繚鎶よ疆寤撱€佽瘎浼扮洰鏍囨斁鍦ㄤ竴璧枫€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬浗闄呮爣鍑嗕功鏋躲€?/p>

淇濈暀銆侷SO 鍍忎竴鎺掑浗闄呮爣鍑嗕功锛?7001 鍜?27002 鏄叾涓父鑰冪殑涓ゆ湰銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱埍鎼溿€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞煶杩戜絾涓嶅甫鑰冪偣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬叏鐞冨昂銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸娉涖€傝兘璁板浗闄呮爣鍑嗭紝浣嗕笉濡備功鏋惰兘瑁?27001/27002銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃浗闄呮爣鍑嗕功鏋垛€濄€傚畠鑳藉拰 NIST 鐨勮摑鑹?SP 800 鍙傝€冧功鍖哄垎銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

ISO = 鍥介檯鏍囧噯涔︽灦銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁壘鍥介檯淇℃伅瀹夊叏鏍囧噯锛屽氨鍘?ISO 鍥介檯鏍囧噯涔︽灦鎷?27001 鍜?27002銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細ISO 鎻愪緵鍥介檯鏍囧噯锛孋ISSP 甯歌€?ISO 27001/27002銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鎯宠瀹夊叏绠＄悊鏇存瑙勩€?/p>

瀹㈡埛闂細浣犱滑鏈夋病鏈夊浗闄呰鍙殑淇℃伅瀹夊叏绠＄悊浣撶郴锛?/p>

灏忔灄涓嶈兘鎷垮唴閮ㄥ彛鍙风硦寮勩€?/p>

浠栧幓鍥介檯鏍囧噯涔︽灦鎵?ISO 27001锛岀湅绠＄悊浣撶郴瑕佹眰锛涘啀鐪?ISO 27002锛屼簡瑙ｆ帶鍒跺疄璺点€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?ISO 鍦ㄩ閲岀殑甯歌浣嶇疆銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?international standard銆両SO 27001銆両SO 27002锛屽厛鎯?ISO銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Common Criteria銆乸rotection profile銆乻ecurity target锛屽彲鑳芥槸 ISO 15408銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?U.S. SP 800銆丷MF銆丆SF锛岄€?NIST銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?payment card銆乧ardholder data锛岄€?PCI DSS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

ISO锛氬浗闄呮爣鍑嗐€?/p>

NIST锛氱編鍥芥爣鍑嗕笌鎸囧崡銆?/p>

PCI DSS锛氭敮浠樺崱琛屼笟鏁版嵁瀹夊叏銆?/p>

COBIT锛欼T 娌荤悊鍜屾帶鍒舵鏋躲€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細STRIDE / 濞佽儊寤烘ā鍒嗙被

STRIDE 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屽叚涓嫳鏂囬瀛楁瘝銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄竴寮犳敾鍑荤被鍨嬫竻鍗曪紝甯綘鍦ㄨ璁＄郴缁熸椂鎯斥€滄敾鍑昏€呭彲鑳戒粠鍝嚑绫诲潖浜嬩笅鎵嬧€濄€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

STRIDE = Spoofing銆乀ampering銆丷epudiation銆両nformation Disclosure銆丏enial of Service銆丒levation of Privilege銆?/p>

涓枃澶ф剰鏄細鍐掑厖銆佺鏀广€佹姷璧栥€佷俊鎭硠闇层€佹嫆缁濇湇鍔°€佹彁鏉冦€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄竴涓槻鐏锛屼篃涓嶆槸椋庨櫓鍏紡銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬▉鑳佸缓妯℃椂鐢ㄥ摢鍏被濞佽儊妫€鏌ョ郴缁熴€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Spoofing锛氬亣鍐掋€?/p>

Tampering锛氬姩鎵嬭剼銆?/p>

Repudiation锛氫笉璁よ处銆?/p>

Information Disclosure锛氱瀵嗘紡鍑哄幓銆?/p>

Denial of Service锛氭湇鍔¤鎵撳仠銆?/p>

Elevation of Privilege锛氫粠鏅€氭潈闄愮埇鍒伴珮鏉冮檺銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叚绫绘敾鍑绘娊灞夈€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛瘡涓娊灞夋斁涓€绉嶅潖浜嬨€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬亣鏀硅禆婕忓仠鎻愩€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備腑鏂囧帇缂╂垚鍏釜鍔ㄤ綔锛氬亣鍐掋€佺鏀广€佹姷璧栥€佹硠闇层€佸仠鏈嶃€佹彁鏉冦€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭鎷界殑銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞煶璇戜笉鍍忎腑鏂囷紝涔熶笉甯﹀叚绫诲▉鑳併€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叚绫绘敾鍑绘娊灞夆€濓紝杈呭姪鍙ｈ瘈鐢ㄢ€滃亣鏀硅禆婕忓仠鎻愨€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

STRIDE = 鍏被鏀诲嚮鎶藉眽 = 鍋囨敼璧栨紡鍋滄彁銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楄璁℃柊鍚庡彴鏃讹紝鍏堟媺寮€鍏釜鎶藉眽锛氭湁浜轰細鍋囧啋鍚椼€佷細绡℃敼鍚椼€佷細鎶佃禆鍚椼€佷細娉勯湶鍚椼€佷細鎵撳仠鍚椼€佷細鎻愭潈鍚椼€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細STRIDE 鏄▉鑳佸缓妯′腑鎸夊叚绫诲▉鑳佹鏌ョ郴缁熺殑鏂规硶銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佷笂绾跨鐞嗗憳鍚庡彴銆?/p>

浠栦笉鍏堝啓浠ｇ爜锛岃€屾槸鍏堢湅鏀诲嚮鍓ф湰銆?/p>

鏈変汉鑳藉啋鍏呯鐞嗗憳鍚楋紵

鏈変汉鑳芥敼璁㈠崟閲戦鍚楋紵

绠＄悊鍛樻搷浣滃悗鑳芥姷璧栧悧锛?/p>

瀹㈡埛璧勬枡浼氭硠闇插悧锛?/p>

缃戠珯浼氳鎵撳埌涓嶅彲鐢ㄥ悧锛?/p>

鏅€氬鏈嶈兘鎻愭潈鎴愮鐞嗗憳鍚楋紵

杩欏叚闂氨鏄?STRIDE銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?threat modeling categories銆乻poofing/tampering/repudiation/information disclosure/DoS/elevation锛屽厛鎯?STRIDE銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅敤鍏被濞佽儊鍒嗘瀽绯荤粺鈥濓紝閫?STRIDE銆?/p>

鍏被閫熷垽锛氬亣韬唤鏄?S锛屾湭鎺堟潈淇敼鏄?T锛屼簨鍚庡惁璁ゆ垨鏃ュ織涓嶅彲淇℃槸 R锛岀瀵嗘毚闇叉槸 I锛屾湇鍔′笉鍙敤鏄?D锛屼綆鏉冮檺鍙橀珮鏉冮檺鏄?E銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅敤鍒嗘暟缁欏▉鑳佹帓搴忊€濓紝鍙兘鏄?DREAD锛屼笉鏄?STRIDE銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

STRIDE锛氬垪濞佽儊绫诲埆銆?/p>

DREAD锛氱粰椋庨櫓璇勫垎鎺掑簭銆?/p>

PASTA锛氫互鏀诲嚮涓轰腑蹇冪殑濞佽儊寤烘ā鏂规硶銆?/p>

Threat modeling锛氭暣浣撳缓妯¤繃绋嬶紝STRIDE 鏄叾涓竴绉嶅垎绫绘柟娉曘€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Threat Modeling / 濞佽儊寤烘ā

Threat Modeling 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃缓妯♀€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄湪绯荤粺杩樻病鍑轰簨鍓嶏紝鍏堢敾鍑虹郴缁燂紝鍐嶆兂鏀诲嚮鑰呭彲鑳芥€庝箞鎵撱€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Threat Modeling = 濞佽儊寤烘ā銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄簨鍚庤皟鏌ワ紝涔熶笉鏄崟绾壂鎻忔紡娲炪€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳璁℃垨鍒嗘瀽绯荤粺鏃讹紝鍏堟壘璧勪骇銆佸叆鍙ｃ€佹暟鎹祦銆佷俊浠昏竟鐣屽拰鍙兘鏀诲嚮璺緞銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Threat锛氬▉鑳侊紝鍙兘閫犳垚鍧忎簨鐨勪汉鎴栦簨浠躲€?/p>

Modeling锛氬缓妯★紝鎶婄郴缁熺敾鍑烘潵銆佹媶寮€鐪嬨€?/p>

Data flow锛氭暟鎹€庝箞娴佸姩銆?/p>

Trust boundary锛氫俊浠昏竟鐣岋紝鏁版嵁璺ㄨ繃杈圭晫鏃惰鐗瑰埆灏忓績銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭敾鍑诲墽鏈銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛妸绯荤粺鍥炬憡鍦ㄦ涓婏紝鎺ㄦ紨鏀诲嚮鑰呭墽鏈€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱敾鍥鹃槻鍧戙€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸鍙ｈ銆傝兘璁颁綇鐢诲浘鍜屾彁鍓嶆壘鍧戙€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭紡娲炴壂鎻忋€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚▉鑳佸缓妯′笉鏄彧璺戝伐鍏锋壘宸茬煡婕忔礊銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄敾鍑诲墽鏈鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸绯荤粺鍥俱€佹暟鎹祦銆佽竟鐣屽拰鏀诲嚮璺緞涓茶捣鏉ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Threat Modeling = 鏀诲嚮鍓ф湰妗屻€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁妸鍚庡彴绯荤粺鍥炬憡鍦ㄦ涓婏紝鎻愬墠鎺ㄦ紨鏀诲嚮鑰呬細浠庡叆鍙ｃ€佹暟鎹祦鍜岃竟鐣屽摢閲屼笅鎵嬨€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細濞佽儊寤烘ā鏄湪璁捐鎴栧垎鏋愰樁娈佃瘑鍒綔鍦ㄥ▉鑳佸拰鏀诲嚮璺緞銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佸仛涓€涓€€娆惧姛鑳姐€?/p>

浠栧厛鐢诲浘锛氬鎴疯姹傝繘 API锛孉PI 鏌ヨ鍗曟暟鎹簱锛屽啀璋冪敤鏀粯鎺ュ彛閫€娆俱€?/p>

鍥句笂鏈夊叆鍙ｇ偣锛屾湁鏁版嵁娴侊紝鏈夌鐞嗗憳鏉冮檺锛屼篃鏈夌涓夋柟鏀粯杈圭晫銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨寮€濮嬮棶锛氳兘涓嶈兘鍐掑厖瀹㈡埛锛熻兘涓嶈兘鏀归€€娆鹃噾棰濓紵鑳戒笉鑳界粫杩囧鎵癸紵鑳戒笉鑳借鏅€氬鏈嶆彁鏉冿紵

杩欎笉鏄簨鍚庢晳鐏€?/p>

杩欐槸濞佽儊寤烘ā銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?design phase銆乨ata flow diagram銆乼rust boundary銆乮dentify threats before implementation锛屽厛鎯?threat modeling銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂叚绫诲▉鑳侊紝閫?STRIDE銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂壂鎻忓凡鐭ユ紡娲烇紝閫?vulnerability assessment銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂敾鍑昏€呭疄闄呴獙璇佽矾寰勶紝閫?penetration testing銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Threat modeling锛氭彁鍓嶇敾绯荤粺銆佹兂鏀诲嚮璺緞銆?/p>

STRIDE锛氬▉鑳佸缓妯￠噷鐨勫叚绫诲▉鑳佸垎绫汇€?/p>

Vulnerability assessment锛氭壘宸茬煡寮辩偣銆?/p>

Penetration testing锛氭巿鏉冩ā鎷熸敾鍑汇€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細DRP / 鐏鹃毦鎭㈠璁″垝

DRP 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滅伨澶団€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠绠＄殑鏄伨闅惧悗 IT 绯荤粺鎬庝箞閲嶆柊璺戣捣鏉ャ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DRP = Disaster Recovery Plan銆?/p>

涓枃鏄細鐏鹃毦鎭㈠璁″垝銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄暣涓笟鍔℃€庝箞缁х画娲荤殑鍏ㄩ儴銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭湇鍔″櫒銆佹暟鎹簱銆佺綉缁溿€佸煙鍚嶃€佸浠姐€佽处鍙峰拰搴旂敤鎬庝箞鎭㈠銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Disaster锛氱伨闅撅紝姣斿鏈烘埧鎹熷潖銆佺郴缁熷ぇ鏁呴殰銆佸嫆绱㈣蒋浠躲€?/p>

Recovery锛氭仮澶嶏紝璁?IT 绯荤粺閲嶆柊鍙敤銆?/p>

Plan锛氳鍒掞紝鎻愬墠鍐欐竻妤氭仮澶嶉『搴忓拰璐ｄ换銆?/p>

IT systems锛氭湇鍔″櫒銆佹暟鎹簱銆佺綉缁溿€佸簲鐢ㄣ€佸浠姐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬ぇ娑﹀彂鎷嶇伨闅剧墖銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕綔涓洪煶閽┿€侱-R-P 鍙鎴?da run fa pai锛屽ぇ鍏徃鎷嶇伨闅剧墖锛岀墖鍚嶅彨鈥淚T 绯荤粺鎬庝箞鎷夎捣鏉モ€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭妧鏈姠淇墽鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜伨鍚?IT 鍥㈤槦鐓у墽鏈惎鍔ㄥ鐢ㄧ幆澧冦€佽繕鍘熸暟鎹簱銆佸垏鎹㈢綉缁滃拰鍩熷悕銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭妧鏈娲绘墜鍐屻€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛瘮闊抽挬鏇磋创鐭ヨ瘑鐐广€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氫笟鍔″埆瓒翠笅銆?/p>

娣樻卑鍒?BCP銆侱RP 涓嶆槸鏁翠釜涓氬姟杩炵画鎬с€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄妧鏈姠淇墽鏈€濓紝闊抽挬鐢ㄢ€滃ぇ娑﹀彂鎷嶇伨闅剧墖鈥濆府鍔╄ D-R-P銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DRP = 鎶€鏈姠淇墽鏈€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱伨闅剧墖寮€鍦猴紝鏈烘埧鍊掍簡锛屾妧鏈洟闃熺炕寮€鎶慨鍓ф湰锛屾妸鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€佹暟鎹簱銆佺綉缁滃拰澶囦唤鎸夐『搴忔媺璧锋潵銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DRP 瑙勫垝 IT 绯荤粺鍦ㄧ伨闅惧悗鐨勬仮澶嶃€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏈烘埧琚按娣广€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鎬庝箞瀹夋姎瀹㈡埛锛屾槸 BCP 鐨勪簨銆?/p>

浣嗘暟鎹簱浠庡摢浠藉浠芥仮澶嶏紝澶囩敤鏈烘埧鎬庝箞鍚姩锛孌NS 鎬庝箞鍒囨崲锛屾湇鍔″櫒鍚姩椤哄簭鏄粈涔堬紝缃戠粶鎬庝箞杩炲洖鏉ワ紝鏄?DRP 鐨勪簨銆?/p>

DRP 涓嶈礋璐ｆ暣涓笟鍔℃椿娉曘€?/p>

瀹冭礋璐?IT 绯荤粺閲嶆柊璺戣捣鏉ャ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?restore IT systems銆乻ervers銆乨atabase銆乶etwork銆乥ackup recovery銆乤lternate processing site锛屽厛鎯?DRP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DRP test銆乻tructured walkthrough銆乧utover test锛屼篃鍦?DRP 杩欐潯绾夸笂銆俿tructured walkthrough 鏄唬琛ㄥ潗涓嬫潵閫愭瀹℃煡锛沜utover test 鏄湡鐨勫垏杩囧幓锛岄闄╂渶澶с€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?continue business operations銆乵anual workaround銆乧ritical business functions锛岄€?BCP銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂涔呮仮澶嶏紝鍙兘鏄?RTO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂仮澶嶅埌鍝釜鏁版嵁鐐癸紝鍙兘鏄?RPO銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

BCP锛氫笟鍔℃€庝箞缁х画銆?/p>

DRP锛欼T 绯荤粺鎬庝箞鎭㈠銆?/p>

Backup锛氭仮澶嶆暟鎹殑鏉愭枡銆?/p>

Hot/warm/cold site锛氱伨闅炬仮澶嶅彲鐢ㄧ殑澶囩敤鐜銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Authenticity = 鐪熷疄鎬с€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄簨鍚庝笉鑳芥姷璧栥€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳韩浠姐€佹潵婧愩€佹秷鎭槸涓嶆槸鐪熺殑銆?/p>

鍒汉鍐掑厖鍛樺伐鐧诲綍锛屽亣缃戠珯鍐掑厖閾惰锛屼吉閫犻偖浠跺啋鍏呰€佹澘锛岄兘鏄湡瀹炴€ч棶棰樸€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Authentic锛氱湡瀹炵殑銆佸彲淇＄殑銆?/p>

Source锛氭潵婧愩€?/p>

Genuine锛氱湡鐨勶紝涓嶆槸浼€犮€?/p>

Forgery锛氫吉閫犮€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱湡浼獙绁ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚悗鍙伴棬鍙ｆ煡宸ョ墝锛屾祻瑙堝櫒鏌ユ湇鍔″櫒璇佷功锛岄偖浠舵煡鏁板瓧绛惧悕锛岄兘鏄獙鐪熶吉銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶獙鐪熺珷銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚儚妫€鏌ユ枃浠朵笂鐨勭湡绔狅紝纭鏉ユ簮鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱湡浜虹湡淇°€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸鍙ｈ銆傝兘璁颁綇浜哄拰娑堟伅閮借鐪熴€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氱浜嗗埆璧栥€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏄?nonrepudiation锛屼笉鍙惁璁ゆ€с€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅湡浼獙绁ㄢ€濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧藉厛鍒ゆ柇韬唤銆佺郴缁熸垨娑堟伅鏉ユ簮鏄笉鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Authenticity = 鐪熶吉楠岀エ銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁敹鍒拌€佹澘閭欢鍓嶏紝鍏堥獙绁細鍙戜欢浜恒€佸煙鍚嶃€佺鍚嶅拰鏉ユ簮鍒板簳鏄笉鏄湡鐨勮€佹澘銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鐪熷疄鎬х‘璁よ韩浠姐€佺郴缁熴€佹秷鎭垨鏉ユ簮鏄湡瀹炲彲淇＄殑銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勮储鍔℃敹鍒颁竴灏侀偖浠躲€?/p>

閭欢鍐欑潃鈥滄垜鏄€佹澘锛岄┈涓婄粰杩欎釜璐︽埛杞挶鈥濄€?/p>

璐㈠姟涓嶈兘鍙湅澶村儚鍜屽悕瀛椼€?/p>

浠栬纭閭欢鏉ユ簮銆佺鍚嶃€佸煙鍚嶅拰韬唤鏄笉鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

濡傛灉鏄獥瀛愬啋鍏呰€佹澘锛岄棶棰樹笉鏄€滀簨鍚庤禆涓嶈禆鈥濓紝鑰屾槸鈥滃綋涓嬭韩浠戒笉鐪熲€濄€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄湡瀹炴€с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?genuine identity銆乿alid source銆乸rove source is real銆乶ot forged锛屽厛鎯?authenticity銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?cannot deny later銆乸rove to third party锛岄€?nonrepudiation銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?login process verifies who you are锛屽彲鑳芥槸 authentication銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Authenticity锛氳韩浠芥垨鏉ユ簮鏄笉鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

Authentication锛氶獙璇佽韩浠界殑鍔ㄤ綔鎴栨祦绋嬨€?/p>

Nonrepudiation锛氬仛瀹屼互鍚庝笉鑳芥姷璧栥€?/p>

Integrity锛氬唴瀹规湁娌℃湁琚敼銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Firewall = 闃茬伀澧欍€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄潃姣掕蒋浠讹紝涔熶笉鏄竴瀹氳兘鍙戠幇鎵€鏈夋敾鍑汇€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氱綉缁滄祦閲忎粠涓€涓湴鏂瑰埌鍙︿竴涓湴鏂规椂锛岃涓嶈鏀捐銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Packet锛氱綉缁滃寘銆?/p>

Port锛氱鍙ｏ紝鍍忔湇鍔￠棬鐗屽彿銆?/p>

Rule锛氳鍒欙紝鍏佽鎴栨嫆缁濄€?/p>

Boundary锛氳竟鐣岋紝涓嶅悓缃戠粶鍖哄煙涔嬮棿鐨勯棬鍙ｃ€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭祦閲忛棬鍗€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞棬鍗湅璋佷粠鍝潵銆佽鍘诲摢閲屻€佽蛋鍝釜闂ㄣ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬皬鍖哄矖浜€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝溅浠庡摢涓棬杩涖€佸幓鍝爧妤笺€佹湁娌℃湁閫氳瑙勫垯锛屼繚瀹夋墠鏀捐銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱綉缁滈椄鍙ｃ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇闃茬伀澧欏父鍦ㄧ綉缁滆竟鐣屻€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氫竾鑳藉畨鍏ㄥ銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞槻鐏涓嶆槸涓囪兘锛屼笉鑳芥浛浠ｈˉ涓併€佽璇併€佹棩蹇椼€佸簲鐢ㄥ畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄祦閲忛棬鍗?/ 灏忓尯宀椾涵鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸婧愩€佺洰鐨勩€佺鍙ｃ€佸崗璁拰鏀捐瑙勫垯涓茶捣鏉ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Firewall = 娴侀噺闂ㄥ崼銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃綉搴楅棬鍙ｆ湁娴侀噺闂ㄥ崼锛屽彧鏈夌鍚堣鍒欑殑璁块棶鎵嶈兘杩涘悗鍙版垨鏁版嵁搴撳尯銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闃茬伀澧欐牴鎹鍒欐帶鍒剁綉缁滄祦閲忔槸鍚﹀厑璁搁€氳繃銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎶婄綉绔欍€佸悗鍙般€佹暟鎹簱鏀惧湪涓嶅悓鍖哄煙銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛鍙互璁块棶缃戠珯銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鍙互璁块棶鍚庡彴銆?/p>

澶栫綉涓嶈兘鐩存帴璁块棶鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

闃茬伀澧欏氨鍦ㄨ繖浜涘尯鍩熶箣闂村綋闂ㄥ崼锛岀湅娴侀噺鏉ユ簮銆佺洰鐨勩€佺鍙ｅ拰鍗忚锛屽啀鍐冲畾鏀句笉鏀俱€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?allow/deny traffic銆乸acket filtering銆乶etwork boundary銆乸ort/protocol rules锛屽厛鎯?firewall銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?source/destination銆乀CP/UDP/ICMP銆乸ort锛岄€氬父鏄寘杩囨护杩欐潯绾裤€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?application-level firewall銆乸roxy銆乄AF锛岃鐪嬪畠鏄笉鏄湪搴旂敤灞傜悊瑙ｈ姹傘€?/p>

棰樼洰闂彂鐜板彲鐤戞敾鍑昏涓猴紝鍙兘鏄?IDS銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂富鍔ㄩ樆鏂娴嬪埌鐨勬敾鍑伙紝鍙兘鏄?IPS銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂富鏈虹梾姣掞紝鍒洿鎺ラ€?firewall銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Firewall锛氭寜瑙勫垯绠℃祦閲忛€氫笉閫氥€?/p>

IDS锛氬彂鐜板彲鐤戣涓哄苟鎶ヨ銆?/p>

IPS锛氬彂鐜板悗杩樹細闃绘柇銆?/p>

Antivirus锛氭煡鎭舵剰杞欢銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Penetration Testing = 娓楅€忔祴璇曘€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄彧璺戞壂鎻忓櫒鎵惧凡鐭ユ紡娲炪€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭敾鍑昏€呰兘涓嶈兘鍒╃敤寮辩偣涓€姝ユ鎵撹繘鍘汇€佹墿澶ф潈闄愩€佹帴瑙︽暟鎹€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Penetration锛氭笚閫忥紝绌胯繘鍘汇€?/p>

Exploit锛氬埄鐢ㄦ紡娲炪€?/p>

Authorized attack锛氭巿鏉冩敾鍑绘ā鎷熴€?/p>

Proof of exploitability锛氳瘉鏄庢紡娲炵湡鐨勮兘琚埄鐢ㄣ€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭巿鏉冭瘯闂€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鍚屾椂鎶撲綇鈥滄巿鏉冣€濆拰鈥滆瘯鐫€闂繘鍘烩€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭嬁璁稿彲涔︽挰鑷闂ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備笉鏄皬鍋凤紝鏄叕鍙告壒鍑嗙殑浜烘ā鎷熷皬鍋枫€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬畨鍏ㄩ棷鍏炽€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸娓告垙鍖栥€傝兘璁拌矾绾匡紝浣嗘巿鏉冩劅涓嶅銆?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氭紡娲炰綋妫€銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏇村儚 vulnerability assessment銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄巿鏉冭瘯闂€濓紝鐢婚潰鐢ㄢ€滄嬁璁稿彲涔︽挰鑷闂ㄢ€濄€傛病鏈変功闈㈡巿鏉冨拰鑼冨洿锛屽氨涓嶆槸娴嬭瘯锛屾槸鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Penetration Testing = 鎺堟潈璇曢棷銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楄鍙俊鍥㈤槦鎷挎巿鏉冧功璇曢棷鍚庡彴锛岀湅婕忔礊鑳戒笉鑳界湡鐨勬墦杩涙暟鎹簱銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細娓楅€忔祴璇曟槸鎺堟潈妯℃嫙鏀诲嚮锛岀敤鏉ラ獙璇佹敾鍑昏矾寰勫拰褰卞搷銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

鎵弿鍣ㄨ鍚庡彴鏈夋棫缁勪欢銆?/p>

杩欏彧鏄€滃彲鑳芥湁娲炩€濄€?/p>

灏忔灄璇峰畨鍏ㄥ洟闃熷湪鎺堟潈鑼冨洿鍐呭皾璇曞埄鐢ㄨ繖涓礊銆?/p>

鍥㈤槦鍙戠幇鑳戒粠鍚庡彴鎷垮埌鏁版嵁搴撳彧璇绘潈闄愩€?/p>

杩欏氨璇佹槑鏀诲嚮璺嚎璧伴€氫簡銆?/p>

杩欎竴姝ユ槸娓楅€忔祴璇曘€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?simulate attacker銆乪xploit銆乤uthorized attack銆乸rove vulnerability can be used锛屽厛鎯?penetration testing銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?trusted team銆乻tress-test銆亀ritten authorization銆乻cope锛屼篃寰€娓楅€忔祴璇曢潬銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?automated scanner銆乲nown weakness銆乵issing patch锛岄€?vulnerability assessment銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?impact/likelihood/asset value锛岄€?risk assessment銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

婕忔礊璇勪及锛氭壘娲炪€?/p>

娓楅€忔祴璇曪細鎺堟潈璇曢棷锛岄獙璇佽兘涓嶈兘鎵撹繘鍘汇€?/p>

绾㈤槦婕旂粌锛氭洿鍍忓畬鏁村鎶楀拰鐩爣椹卞姩鏀诲嚮妯℃嫙銆?/p>

瀹¤锛氭煡鎺у埗鍜岃瘉鎹€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Identity / 韬唤

Identity 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆韩浠解€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄郴缁熼噷鈥滀綘璇翠綘鏄皝鈥濈殑鍚嶅瓧鎴栨爣璇嗐€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Identity = 韬唤銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄瘉鏄庝綘鐪熺殑鏄繖涓汉銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氱郴缁熺敤浠€涔堝悕瀛椼€佽处鍙枫€佺紪鍙锋垨鏍囪瘑鏉ヤ唬琛ㄤ竴涓富浣撱€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Identity锛氳韩浠芥爣璇嗭紝姣斿鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃€佸憳宸ュ彿銆佽处鍙枫€?/p>

Identification锛氳瘑鍒垨鎶ヨ韩浠斤紝姣斿杈撳叆鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃€?/p>

Subject锛氫富浣擄紝鍙戣捣璁块棶鐨勪汉銆佽繘绋嬫垨璁惧銆?/p>

Claimed identity锛氬０绉扮殑韬唤銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬伐鐗屽悕瀛椼€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚伐鐗屼笂鍐欌€滃皬鏋椻€濓紝杩欏彧鏄韩浠芥爣璇嗐€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭姤鍚嶅瓧銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠閫傚悎璁?identification銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶獙瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

娣樻卑鍒?authentication銆傞獙瀵嗙爜鏄璇侊紝涓嶆槸韬唤鏈韩銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃伐鐗屽悕瀛椻€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸韬唤鍜岃璇佸垎寮€銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Identity = 宸ョ墝鍚嶅瓧銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬伐鐗屽啓鐫€鈥滃皬鏋椻€濓紝杩欐槸韬唤锛涢棬鍗鏌ュ伐鐗岀湡鍋囷紝鎵嶆槸璁よ瘉銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細韬唤鏄郴缁熺敤鏉ヨ瘑鍒富浣撶殑鏍囪瘑銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

瀹㈡湇灏忔灄鐧诲綍鍚庡彴銆?/p>

绗竴姝ヨ緭鍏ョ敤鎴峰悕 lin銆?/p>

杩欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅彧鏄憡璇夌郴缁熲€滄垜澹扮О鎴戞槸 lin鈥濄€?/p>

绯荤粺杩樹笉鐭ラ亾浠栨槸涓嶆槸鐪熺殑灏忔灄銆?/p>

鎺ヤ笅鏉ヨ緭鍏ュ瘑鐮併€佸埛浠ょ墝鎴栨寜鎸囩汗锛屾墠鏄湪楠岃瘉韬唤銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?username銆乽ser ID銆乧laimed identity銆乮dentification锛屽厛鎯?identity/identification銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?prove you are who you claim to be锛岄€?authentication銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?allowed actions锛岄€?authorization銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Identity锛氫綘鏄皝鐨勬爣璇嗐€?/p>

Authentication锛氳瘉鏄庝綘鐪熸槸杩欎釜韬唤銆?/p>

Authorization锛氶獙璇佸悗浣犺兘鍋氫粈涔堛€?/p>

Accountability锛氬仛杩囦粈涔堣兘涓嶈兘杩藉埌浣犮€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Accountability = 闂矗鎬с€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄粰鏉冮檺銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭搷浣溿€佽闂€佸鎵广€佷慨鏀规湁娌℃湁璁板綍鍒板叿浣撲富浣擄紝浜嬪悗鑳戒笉鑳借拷璐ｃ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Account锛氳处鍙凤紝涔熷儚璐︽湰銆?/p>

Accountability锛氳兘瀵硅处銆佽兘杩借矗銆?/p>

Audit trail锛氬璁¤建杩广€?/p>

Unique user ID锛氬敮涓€鐢ㄦ埛璐﹀彿銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱暀鍚嶈处鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝皝鍋氫簡浠€涔堬紝閮藉湪璐︽湰涓婄暀鍚嶃€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳皝骞茬殑璁板綍銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚緢灏忕櫧锛岀洿鎸囪€冪偣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬ぇ瀹跺叡鐢ㄨ处鍙枫€?/p>

娣樻卑涓哄弽渚嬨€傚叡鐢ㄨ处鍙蜂細璁╅棶璐ｅけ鏁堛€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅暀鍚嶈处鏈€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鍞竴璐﹀彿銆佹棩蹇椼€佸璁¤建杩逛覆璧锋潵銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Accountability = 鐣欏悕璐︽湰銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀悗鍙版瘡娆℃敼璁㈠崟閮界暀鍚嶏紝鍑轰簨鍚庤兘鏌ュ埌鏄皝鏀圭殑銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闂矗鎬ц鎿嶄綔鑳借拷婧埌鍏蜂綋涓讳綋銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃浠ュ墠璁╁鏈嶅叡鐢?admin 璐﹀彿銆?/p>

璁㈠崟琚敼鍚庯紝娌′汉鐭ラ亾鏄皝鍋氱殑銆?/p>

鍚庢潵姣忎釜浜烘湁鑷繁鐨勮处鍙凤紝鍚庡彴璁板綍璋佺櫥褰曘€佽皝鏀逛簡閲戦銆佷粈涔堟椂鍊欐敼銆?/p>

杩欐湰鐣欏悕璐︽湰璁╁叕鍙歌兘杩借矗銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄棶璐ｆ€с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?audit trail銆乽nique user ID銆乼race actions to individual銆乻hared account problem锛屽厛鎯?accountability銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?track user actions銆乨etermine actions of a single individual锛屼篃鏄湪闂?accountability銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?cannot deny later锛屽彲鑳芥槸 nonrepudiation銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?proof of identity锛岄€?authentication銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Accountability锛氳皝鍋氱殑鑳借拷鍒般€?/p>

Authentication锛氳瘉鏄庝綘鏄皝銆?/p>

Authorization锛氫綘鑳藉仛浠€涔堛€?/p>

Nonrepudiation锛氬仛瀹屽悗涓嶈兘鎶佃禆锛岃瘉鎹兘缁欑涓夋柟鐪嬨€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Authentication / 璁よ瘉

Authentication 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆璇佲€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄郴缁熼獙璇佷綘鏄笉鏄綘澹扮О鐨勯偅涓汉銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Authentication = 璁よ瘉銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄姤鍚嶅瓧锛屼篃涓嶆槸缁欐潈闄愩€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫綘杈撳叆鐨勮韩浠芥爣璇嗭紝绯荤粺鎬庝箞楠岃瘉鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Something you know锛氫綘鐭ラ亾鐨勶紝姣斿瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

Something you have锛氫綘鎷ユ湁鐨勶紝姣斿浠ょ墝銆佹墜鏈恒€?/p>

Something you are锛氫綘鏈汉鐨勭壒寰侊紝姣斿鎸囩汗銆佷汉鑴搞€?/p>

MFA锛氬鍥犵礌璁よ瘉銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶獙宸ョ墝鐪熷亣銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛姤鍑哄悕瀛楀悗锛岃繕瑕侀獙宸ョ墝鏄笉鏄綘鐨勩€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶獙浣犳槸璋併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛渶鐩寸櫧銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬紑鏉冮檺銆?/p>

娣樻卑鍒?authorization銆傚紑鏉冮檺鏄巿鏉冦€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈獙宸ョ墝鐪熷亣鈥濄€傚畠鑳藉拰韬唤銆佹巿鏉冨垎寮€銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Authentication = 楠屽伐鐗岀湡鍋囥€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁姤浜嗙敤鎴峰悕锛岀郴缁熷啀楠屽瘑鐮併€佷护鐗屾垨鎸囩汗锛岀‘璁や粬鐪熸槸灏忔灄銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細璁よ瘉鏄獙璇佷富浣撹韩浠界殑杩囩▼銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄杩涘叆鍔炲叕妤笺€?/p>

浠栬鑷繁鏄鏈嶅皬鏋椼€?/p>

闂ㄥ崼涓嶈兘鍙惉浠栬銆?/p>

闂ㄥ崼瑕佺湅宸ョ墝銆佸埛闂ㄧ銆佹牳鐓х墖銆?/p>

鍦ㄧ郴缁熼噷涔熸槸涓€鏍凤細鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅彧鏄姤韬唤锛屽瘑鐮佹垨浠ょ墝鎵嶆槸鍦ㄨ璇併€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?verify identity銆乸rove who you are銆乸assword/token/biometric锛屽厛鎯?authentication銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?PIN + ATM card锛屾槸鐭ラ亾鐨勪笢瑗垮姞鎷ユ湁鐨勪笢瑗匡紝鎵嶆槸涓や釜鍥犵礌銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?user ID銆乧laim identity锛屽厛鎯?identification/identity銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?permissions銆乤ccess rights锛岄€?authorization銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Identity锛氬伐鐗屽悕瀛椼€?/p>

Authentication锛氶獙宸ョ墝鐪熷亣銆?/p>

Authorization锛氬紑鍝簺闂ㄣ€?/p>

Accounting/Accountability锛氳褰曡皝杩涗簡鍝墖闂ㄣ€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細COBIT / IT 娌荤悊妗嗘灦

COBIT 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屼竴涓插ぇ鍐欏瓧姣嶃€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄府鍏徃娌荤悊鍜岀鐞?IT 鐨勬鏋讹紝璁?IT 鍋氱殑浜嬪拰涓氬姟鐩爣瀵归綈銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

COBIT = Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies銆?/p>

涓枃鍙悊瑙ｄ负锛氫俊鎭強鐩稿叧鎶€鏈帶鍒剁洰鏍囨鏋躲€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄崟涓妧鏈帶鍒讹紝涔熶笉鏄敮浠樺崱鏍囧噯銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫紒涓氭€庝箞娌荤悊 IT銆佹帶鍒?IT銆佽 IT 鏀寔涓氬姟鐩爣銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Control Objectives锛氭帶鍒剁洰鏍囥€?/p>

Information and Related Technologies锛氫俊鎭強鐩稿叧鎶€鏈€?/p>

Governance锛氭不鐞嗭紝璋佸喅绛栥€佽皝鐩戠潱銆佹€庝箞瀵归綈鐩爣銆?/p>

Business alignment锛氫笟鍔″榻愩€?/p>

ISACA锛欳OBIT 鑳屽悗鐨勫父瑙佺粍缁囬鐪笺€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欼T 娌荤悊鏂瑰悜鐩樸€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛柟鍚戠洏璁?IT 鎸変笟鍔＄洰鏍囧紑锛屼笉鏄嚜宸变贡璺戙€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭帶鍒剁洰鏍囨竻鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗗亸鎶借薄銆傝兘璁?COBIT 鍏ㄧО閲岀殑 control objectives銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬挅鍟?bit銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞煶杩戜絾娌℃湁娌荤悊鍚箟銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€淚T 娌荤悊鏂瑰悜鐩樷€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸 COBIT 鍜屼笟鍔″榻愩€佹不鐞嗙洃鐫ｄ覆璧锋潵銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

COBIT = IT 娌荤悊鏂瑰悜鐩樸€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀叕鍙镐笉璁?IT 鑷繁涔卞紑杞︼紝鑰屾槸鐢?COBIT 鏂瑰悜鐩樻妸 IT 鎺у埗銆佸璁″拰涓氬姟鐩爣瀵归綈銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細COBIT 鏄潰鍚戜紒涓?IT 娌荤悊鍜岀鐞嗙殑妗嗘灦銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈夌綉绔欍€佹敮浠樸€佸鏈嶃€佷粨搴撳拰鏁版嵁鍒嗘瀽绯荤粺銆?/p>

IT 閮ㄩ棬姣忓ぉ閮藉湪蹇欙紝浣嗚€佹澘闂細杩欎簺绯荤粺鍒板簳鏈夋病鏈夋敮鎸佷笟鍔＄洰鏍囷紵

璋佺洃鐫?IT 椋庨櫓锛?/p>

璋佺湅鎺у埗鏈夋病鏈夎鐩栵紵

COBIT 灏卞儚涓€涓不鐞嗘柟鍚戠洏锛岃 IT 涓嶆槸鍙慨鏈哄櫒锛岃€屾槸鏈嶅姟鍏徃鐩爣銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?IT governance銆乧ontrol objectives銆乤lign IT with business銆両SACA锛屽厛鎯?COBIT銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?risk maturity model 鎴栭闄╃鐞嗘垚鐔熷害锛屼笉瑕侀€?COBIT锛屽父鐪?RMM銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?U.S. SP 800銆丷MF銆丆SF锛岄€?NIST銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?international standard銆両SO 27001锛岄€?ISO銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?payment card data锛岄€?PCI DSS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

COBIT锛欼T 娌荤悊鍜屾帶鍒剁洰鏍囥€?/p>

NIST锛氱編鍥芥爣鍑嗐€佹鏋躲€佹寚鍗椼€?/p>

ISO锛氬浗闄呮爣鍑嗐€?/p>

ITIL锛欼T 鏈嶅姟绠＄悊瀹炶返銆?/p>

RMM锛氶闄╂垚鐔熷害妯″瀷銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Incident Response / 浜嬩欢鍝嶅簲

Incident Response 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃搷搴斺€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畨鍏ㄤ簨浠跺彂鐢熷悗锛屽叕鍙告寜娴佺▼纭銆佹帶鍒躲€佹竻闄ゃ€佹仮澶嶅拰澶嶇洏銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Incident Response = 浜嬩欢鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄櫘閫氬鏈嶅鐞嗭紝涔熶笉鏄伨闅炬仮澶嶇殑鍏ㄩ儴銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬彂鐜板畨鍏ㄤ簨浠跺悗锛屽畨鍏ㄥ洟闃熸€庝箞鎸夋楠ゅ鐞嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Incident锛氬畨鍏ㄤ簨浠躲€?/p>

Containment锛氶亸鍒讹紝鍏堝埆璁╁奖鍝嶆墿澶с€?/p>

Eradication锛氭竻闄ゆ牴鍥犮€?/p>

Recovery锛氭仮澶嶆湇鍔°€?/p>

Lessons learned锛氱粡楠屾暀璁鐩樸€?/p>

Chain of custody锛氳瘉鎹繚绠￠摼锛岃皟鏌ュ拰鍙栬瘉鏃朵笉鑳戒贡鍔ㄨ瘉鎹€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫簨鏁呭缃祦绋嬨€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠娓呮鍛婅瘔灏忕櫧杩欐槸娴佺▼锛屼笉鏄崟涓伐鍏枫€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭姤璀﹀埌澶嶇洏銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇浠庡彂鐜板埌鎬荤粨銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭姤璀﹀叚姝ヨ蛋銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚噯澶囥€佸彂鐜般€佸垎绾с€侀亸鍒躲€佹竻闄ゆ仮澶嶃€佸鐩樸€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氱伨闅炬仮澶嶈鍒掋€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侱RP 鏇村亸 IT 鐏惧悗鎭㈠锛屼笉绛変簬鎵€鏈夊畨鍏ㄤ簨浠跺搷搴斻€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀簨鏁呭缃祦绋嬧€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鐢ㄢ€滄姤璀﹀埌澶嶇洏鈥濓紝浣嗚璁颁綇涓嶈兘璺宠繃閬忓埗鍜岃瘉鎹繚鍏ㄣ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Incident Response = 浜嬫晠澶勭疆娴佺▼銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀彂鐜板悗鍙拌鍏ヤ镜锛屽厛纭銆佸啀閬忓埗銆佹竻闄ゃ€佹仮澶嶏紝鏈€鍚庡鐩樸€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細浜嬩欢鍝嶅簲鏄粍缁囧鐞嗗畨鍏ㄤ簨浠剁殑涓€濂楁祦绋嬨€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍙戠幇鍚庡彴鍑虹幇寮傚父鐧诲綍銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍥㈤槦鍏堢‘璁ゆ槸涓嶆槸鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

纭鍚庡厛鍒嗙骇锛屽喕缁撳彲鐤戣处鍙凤紝闅旂鍙楀奖鍝嶆湇鍔″櫒锛岄槻姝㈢户缁墿鏁ｃ€?/p>

鍚屾椂淇濈暀鏃ュ織銆侀暅鍍忓拰鍏抽敭璇佹嵁锛屼笉鑳戒负浜嗗揩灏辨妸鐜板満鍏ㄦ竻鎺夈€?/p>

鍐嶆竻闄ゆ伓鎰忔枃浠躲€佷慨琛ユ紡娲炪€佹仮澶嶆湇鍔°€?/p>

鏈€鍚庡紑浼氬鐩橈細涓轰粈涔堝彂鐢燂紝娴佺▼鍝噷瑕佹敼銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?security incident銆乧ontainment銆乪radication銆乺ecovery銆乴essons learned锛屽厛鎯?incident response銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?triage銆乫orensics銆乧hain of custody銆乴aw enforcement锛屼篃甯稿湪浜嬩欢鍝嶅簲鍜岃皟鏌ヨ澧冮噷銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂湇鍔″櫒鐏惧悗鎬庝箞鎭㈠锛岄€?DRP銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂笟鍔℃€庝箞缁х画鎾戜綇锛岄€?BCP銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Incident response锛氬鐞嗗畨鍏ㄤ簨浠躲€?/p>

DRP锛氱伨闅惧悗 IT 绯荤粺鎭㈠銆?/p>

BCP锛氫笟鍔＄户缁繍杞€?/p>

Forensics锛氬彇璇佽皟鏌ュ拰璇佹嵁淇濆叏銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Auditing / Audit / 瀹¤

Auditing 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄鏌モ€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬璁℃槸鐪嬫帶鍒舵湁娌℃湁鎸夎姹傛墽琛岋紝骞朵笖鏈夋病鏈夎瘉鎹€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Auditing / Audit = 瀹¤銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄壘婕忔礊锛屼篃涓嶆槸妯℃嫙鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳鍒欐湁娌℃湁鎵ц锛屾帶鍒舵湁娌℃湁杩愯锛岃瘉鎹兘涓嶈兘璇佹槑銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Audit锛氬璁°€?/p>

Evidence锛氳瘉鎹€?/p>

Control review锛氭帶鍒跺鏌ャ€?/p>

Compliance锛氬悎瑙勩€?/p>

Audit trail锛氬璁¤建杩广€?/p>

Independent review锛氱嫭绔嬪鏌ワ紝涓嶆槸鑷繁璇磋嚜宸卞仛寰楀ソ銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭煡璇佹嵁璐︽湰銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚璁′笉鏄惉浣犺鍋氫簡锛岃€屾槸鐪嬭瘉鎹€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭煡璐﹂獙鎺у埗銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘鎶娾€滆处鈥濆拰鈥滄帶鍒舵墽琛屸€濊繛璧锋潵銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭煡璐﹀畼銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚璁″憳涓嶆槸淇郴缁熺殑浜猴紝鏄嬁娓呭崟鏌ュ嚟璇佺殑浜恒€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氶粦瀹㈣瘯闂€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏄笚閫忔祴璇曘€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄煡璇佹嵁璐︽湰鈥濓紝杈呭姪鐢婚潰鐢ㄢ€滄煡璐﹀畼鈥濄€傚畠鑳藉洖鍒版棩蹇椼€佸鎵广€佹帶鍒跺鏌ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Auditing = 鏌ヨ瘉鎹处鏈€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楄澶囦唤姣忓ぉ鍋氾紝瀹¤鍛樹笉鍚彛澶翠繚璇侊紝鐩存帴鏌ュ浠借褰曘€佹棩蹇楀拰鎭㈠娴嬭瘯璇佹嵁銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹¤閫氳繃璇佹嵁妫€鏌ユ帶鍒舵槸鍚︽寜瑕佹眰鎵ц銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃瑙勫畾绂昏亴璐﹀彿褰撳ぉ绂佺敤銆?/p>

瀹¤鍛樻娊鏌?20 涓鑱屽憳宸ャ€?/p>

浠栫湅宸ュ崟銆佽处鍙风鐢ㄦ椂闂淬€佸鎵硅褰曞拰绯荤粺鏃ュ織銆?/p>

濡傛灉璇佹嵁鏄剧ず鏈変汉绂昏亴鍚庤处鍙疯繕娲荤潃锛屾帶鍒跺氨娌℃墽琛屽ソ銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄璁°€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?evidence銆乧ontrol review銆乤udit trail銆乧ompliance check锛屽厛鎯?auditing銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?standards-based audit銆乮ndependent review銆丱S audit trail銆乻ystem logs锛屼篃寰€瀹¤闈犮€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?known weakness銆乵issing patch锛岄€?vulnerability assessment銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?simulate attacker锛岄€?penetration testing銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?risk level銆乴ikelihood銆乮mpact锛岄€?risk assessment銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Audit锛氭煡璇佹嵁鍜屾帶鍒舵墽琛屻€?/p>

Vulnerability assessment锛氭壘宸茬煡寮辩偣銆?/p>

Penetration testing锛氭巿鏉冭瘯闂€?/p>

Risk assessment锛氱畻椋庨櫓澶у皬鍜屼紭鍏堢骇銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Authorization / 鎺堟潈

Authorization 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄巿鏉冣€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳璇侀€氳繃鍚庯紝绯荤粺鍐冲畾浣犺兘鍋氫粈涔堛€佷笉鑳藉仛浠€涔堛€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Authorization = 鎺堟潈銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄瘉鏄庝綘鏄皝銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氫綘宸茬粡琚‘璁よ韩浠藉悗锛岀郴缁熺粰浣犲摢浜涙潈闄愩€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Access rights锛氳闂潈銆?/p>

Permission锛氭潈闄愩€?/p>

Privilege锛氱壒鏉冦€?/p>

Role锛氳鑹诧紝甯哥敤浜庡垎閰嶆潈闄愩€?/p>

Need-to-know锛氶渶瑕佺煡閬撳師鍒欙紝鏈夎韩浠戒笉绛変簬鏈夊繀瑕佽闂€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬紑鍝簺闂ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝璇佸悗锛屼笉鏄墍鏈夐棬閮借兘杩涳紝瑕佺湅浣犺鎺堟潈寮€鍝嚑鎵囥€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭潈闄愯彍鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜敤鎴风櫥褰曞悗鑿滃崟鏄剧ず浠€涔堬紝灏辨槸鏉冮檺鑼冨洿銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭壒鏉¤繘鎴块棿銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆備綘宸茬粡楠屾槑韬唤锛屼絾鎵规潯鍐冲畾浣犺兘杩涜储鍔″杩樻槸鍙兘杩涘墠鍙般€?/p>

鍊欓€?4锛氶獙宸ョ墝鐪熷亣銆?/p>

娣樻卑鍒?authentication銆傞獙韬唤涓嶆槸鎺堟潈銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃紑鍝簺闂ㄢ€濓紝杈呭姪鐢婚潰鐢ㄢ€滄壒鏉¤繘鎴块棿鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鎺堟潈鍜岃璇佸垎寮€銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Authorization = 寮€鍝簺闂ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀埛宸ョ墝杩涘叕鍙稿悗锛岀郴缁熻繕瑕佸喅瀹氫粬鑳藉紑瀹㈡湇闂ㄣ€佷粨搴撻棬锛岃繕鏄鐞嗗憳闂ㄣ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鎺堟潈鍐冲畾宸茶璇佷富浣撳彲浠ヨ闂摢浜涜祫婧愩€佹墽琛屽摢浜涙搷浣溿€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐧诲綍鍚庡彴鎴愬姛銆?/p>

杩欒鏄庣郴缁熷凡缁忚璇佷粬鏄鏈嶅皬鏋椼€?/p>

浣嗗鏈嶄笉鑳藉垹闄ゆ暟鎹簱锛屼笉鑳芥壒鍑嗛€€娆撅紝涓嶈兘鏀圭鐞嗗憳鏉冮檺銆?/p>

绯荤粺鍙粰浠栨煡鐪嬭鍗曞拰鍥炲瀹㈡埛鐨勬潈闄愩€?/p>

杩欎竴姝ュ氨鏄巿鏉冦€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?permissions銆乤ccess rights銆亀hat a user can do銆乴east privilege锛屽厛鎯?authorization銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?rights and privileges銆乺equested activity/object access銆乧learance + need-to-know锛屼篃鏄湪闂巿鏉冦€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?prove identity锛岄€?authentication銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?user ID锛岄€?identity/identification銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?trace actions锛岄€?accountability銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Identity锛氬伐鐗屽悕瀛椼€?/p>

Authentication锛氶獙宸ョ墝鐪熷亣銆?/p>

Authorization锛氬紑鍝簺闂ㄣ€?/p>

Accountability锛氱暀涓嬭皝寮€杩囬棬鐨勮褰曘€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Encryption / 鍔犲瘑

Encryption 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃姞瀵嗗緢瀹夊叏鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鎶婃槑鏂囧彉鎴愮湅涓嶆噦鐨勫瘑鏂囷紝涓昏闃叉涓嶈鐪嬬殑浜虹湅鎳傚唴瀹广€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Encryption = 鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄搱甯岋紝涔熶笉鏄暟瀛楃鍚嶃€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭妸鍙鍐呭鍙樻垚瀵嗘枃锛屽彧鏈夋湁瀵嗛挜鐨勪汉鎵嶈兘杩樺師銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Plaintext锛氭槑鏂囷紝鐪嬪緱鎳傜殑鍘熷鍐呭銆?/p>

Ciphertext锛氬瘑鏂囷紝鐪嬩笉鎳傜殑鍔犲瘑缁撴灉銆?/p>

Key锛氬瘑閽ャ€?/p>

Algorithm锛氱畻娉曘€?/p>

TLS / VPN锛氬父鐢ㄦ潵淇濇姢浼犺緭涓殑閫氫俊鍐呭銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫笂閿佷俊灏併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備俊灏佸唴瀹硅繕鍦紝浣嗗埆浜烘病鏈夐挜鍖欑湅涓嶆噦銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬瘑鏂囬攣鐩掋€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞€傚悎璁板瘑閽ユ墦寮€瀵嗘枃銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭寚绾规憳瑕併€?/p>

娣樻卑鍒?hash銆傚搱甯屼笉鏄姞瀵嗭紝涓嶈兘杩樺師鏄庢枃銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀笂閿佷俊灏佲€濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細鍔犲瘑鏄繚鎶ゅ唴瀹逛笉琚鎳傘€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Encryption = 涓婇攣淇″皝銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁妸瀹㈡埛璧勬枡瑁呰繘涓婇攣淇″皝锛岃矾涓婅鍒汉鎷垮埌锛屼篃鐪嬩笉鎳傞噷闈㈠唴瀹广€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍔犲瘑鐢ㄧ畻娉曞拰瀵嗛挜鎶婃槑鏂囪浆鎹㈡垚瀵嗘枃锛屼繚鎶や俊鎭満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佹妸瀹㈡埛璧勬枡鍙戠粰鍚堜綔浠撳簱銆?/p>

濡傛灉鐩存帴鍙戞槑鏂囷紝璺笂琚埅鑾峰氨鑳界湅瑙佸鍚嶃€佺數璇濆拰鍦板潃銆?/p>

浠栧厛鎶婅祫鏂欏姞瀵嗭紝鍙樻垚瀵嗘枃銆?/p>

浠撳簱鐢ㄦ纭瘑閽ユ墠鑳借В寮€銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄姞瀵嗕繚鎶ゆ満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?protect confidentiality銆乧iphertext銆乸laintext銆乲ey銆乪ncrypt email content锛屽厛鎯?encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?data at rest銆乨ata in transit銆乪ncrypted VPN銆乀LS锛屼篃甯稿線鍔犲瘑闈犮€?/p>

棰樼洰闂獙璇佹枃浠舵湁娌℃湁鏀癸紝鍙兘鏄?hash銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂瘉鏄庢潵婧愬拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁锛屽彲鑳芥槸 digital signature銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂瘑鐮佸瓨鍌紝閫氬父鐪?hashing锛屼笉鏄彲閫嗗姞瀵嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰鍑虹幇 ROT13 杩欑被寮辩紪鐮侊紝涓嶈褰撴垚鐪熸瀹夊叏鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Encryption锛氫笂閿侊紝鑳借В寮€锛屼繚鎶ゆ満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

Hashing锛氬帇鎴愭憳瑕侊紝閫氬父涓嶈兘杩樺師锛岀敤鏉ラ獙瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

Digital signature锛氱鍚嶏紝璇佹槑鏉ユ簮銆佸畬鏁存€у拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁銆?/p>

Encoding锛氱紪鐮侊紝鏂逛究浼犺緭锛屼笉鏄畨鍏ㄤ繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

IDS = Intrusion Detection System锛堝叆渚垫娴嬬郴缁燂級銆?/p>

Intrusion 鏄叆渚碉紝detection 鏄娴嬨€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭湁娌℃湁涓滆タ鍦ㄨ瀵熸祦閲忋€佹棩蹇楁垨绯荤粺杩硅薄锛屽彂鐜板彲鐤戞敾鍑诲悗鍙戝嚭鍛婅銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Alert / alarm锛氬憡璀︼紝璇存槑绯荤粺鍙戠幇鍙枒鐜拌薄銆?/p>

HIDS锛欻ost-based IDS锛堝熀浜庝富鏈虹殑鍏ヤ镜妫€娴嬬郴缁燂級锛屾洿鍍忕洴鐫€涓€鍙版湇鍔″櫒鐨勬棩蹇楀拰绯荤粺鍙樺寲銆?/p>

NIDS锛歂etwork-based IDS锛堝熀浜庣綉缁滅殑鍏ヤ镜妫€娴嬬郴缁燂級锛屾洿鍍忕珯鍦ㄧ綉缁滆矾鍙ｇ湅娴侀噺銆?/p>

Signature锛氱壒寰佺爜锛屽儚鈥滆杩囪繖涓敾鍑婚暱浠€涔堟牱鈥濄€?/p>

Anomaly锛氬紓甯革紝鍍忊€滆繖鍙版満鍣ㄥ钩鏃朵笉杩欐牱锛屼粖澶╄涓哄緢鎬€濄€?/p>

False positive锛氳鎶ワ紝鎶婃病闂鐨勪簨鎯呮姤鎴愭敾鍑汇€?/p>

False negative锛氭紡鎶ワ紝鐪熺殑鏀诲嚮鍙戠敓浜嗗嵈娌℃姤鍑烘潵銆?/p>

Clipping level锛氬憡璀﹂槇鍊笺€傞棬妲涜澶綆浼氬惖锛岃澶珮浼氭紡銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬彧鍠婃姤璀﹀櫒銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸 IDS 鍜?IPS 鍒嗗紑锛欼DS 鍏堝枈锛孖PS 杩樹細鎷︺€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱洃鎺у睆銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔╋紝浣嗕笉澶熷己銆傜洃鎺у睆鐪嬪緱瑙侊紝涓嶄竴瀹氭彁閱掍綘銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭姄璐奸搧闂ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛姄璐煎拰鎷﹂棬鏇村儚 IPS锛屼笉鍍?IDS銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃彧鍠婃姤璀﹀櫒鈥濄€傚畠绠€鍗曪紝浣嗛潪甯歌创鑰冭瘯锛欼DS 鐨勬牳蹇冨姩浣滄槸 detect and alert銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

IDS = 鍙枈鎶ヨ鍣ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃殑缃戝簵鍗婂鍑虹幇涓€鐧惧娆″け璐ョ櫥褰曪紝IDS 鍍忔姤璀﹀櫒涓€鏍峰搷璧锋潵锛屾彁閱掔鐞嗗憳璧剁揣纭鏄笉鏄敾鍑汇€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細IDS 鍙戠幇鍙枒琛屼负骞跺憡璀︼紝浣嗗畠鏈韩涓嶄竴瀹氶樆鏂繛鎺ャ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎶?IDS 鏀惧湪 DMZ锛堥潪鍐涗簨鍖猴細澶栫綉鍜屽唴缃戜箣闂寸殑缂撳啿鍖猴級鏃佽竟銆?/p>

鍗婂锛岀綉绔欐敹鍒颁竴鍫嗘牸寮忛敊璇殑鏁版嵁鍖咃紝鍚庡彴璐﹀彿涔熻繛缁櫥褰曞け璐ャ€?/p>

IDS 娌℃湁鐩存帴鎶婃敾鍑昏€呮帹鍑哄幓銆?/p>

瀹冨厛鎶婂紓甯歌褰曚笅鏉ワ紝鍙戝嚭鍛婅锛岃绠＄悊鍛樻煡鐪嬫潵婧愩€佹椂闂淬€佺洰鏍囩郴缁熷拰鏀诲嚮鑼冨洿銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?IDS 鐨勪环鍊硷細鍏堝彂鐜帮紝鍏堟彁閱掞紝缁欎簨浠跺搷搴斾簤鍙栨椂闂淬€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?intrusion detection銆乤lert銆乤larm銆乨etect suspicious activity锛屽厛鎯?IDS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?HIDS 濡備綍璇嗗埆娼滃湪鏀诲嚮锛屽父鐪嬫棩蹇楁秷鎭€佹枃浠跺彉鍖栨垨绯荤粺杩硅薄銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?signature-based IDS锛屽厛鎯崇敤宸茬煡鏀诲嚮鐗瑰緛璇嗗埆銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?statistical anomaly 鎴?abnormal behavior锛屽厛鎯冲紓甯告娴嬨€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?threshold / clipping level 澶綆锛屽鏄撹鎶ワ紱澶珮锛屽鏄撴紡鎶ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?IDS / IPS 璀︽姤鐨勫垵濮嬪搷搴旓紝鍏堥獙璇佸▉鑳佸苟纭畾鏀诲嚮鑼冨洿锛屼笉鏄珛鍒讳贡鍏虫墍鏈夌郴缁熴€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃彂鐜版枃浠跺唴瀹硅鏈巿鏉冧慨鏀光€濓紝鏇村彲鑳芥槸 File Integrity Checker锛堟枃浠跺畬鏁存€ф鏌ュ櫒锛夛紝涓嶈鍙洜涓烘湁鈥滃彂鐜扳€濆氨閫?IDS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

IDS锛氬彂鐜板彲鐤戣涓猴紝鍙戝憡璀︺€?/p>

IPS锛氬彂鐜板悗杩樿兘涓诲姩闃绘柇銆?/p>

Firewall锛氭寜瑙勫垯鍏佽鎴栨嫆缁濇祦閲忋€?/p>

SIEM锛氶泦涓敹闆嗐€佸叧鑱斿拰鍒嗘瀽寰堝鏃ュ織涓庡憡璀︺€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細IPS / 鍏ヤ镜闃插尽绯荤粺

IPS 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄瘮 IDS 澶氫竴涓?P鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欼DS 鍍忔姤璀﹀櫒锛孖PS 鍍忕珯鍦ㄨ矾涓棿鐨勯棬鍗紝鍙戠幇鍗遍櫓鍚庡彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ嫤銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

IPS = Intrusion Prevention System锛堝叆渚甸槻寰＄郴缁燂級銆?/p>

Prevention 鏄闃层€侀樆姝€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氭娴嬪埌鏀诲嚮浠ュ悗锛岀郴缁熻兘涓嶈兘涓诲姩閲囧彇鍔ㄤ綔锛屾瘮濡備涪寮冩暟鎹寘銆侀噸缃繛鎺ャ€侀樆姝㈣闂垨鏇存柊瑙勫垯銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Prevent锛氶闃层€侀樆姝€?/p>

Inline锛氫覆鍦ㄦ祦閲忚矾寰勪笂锛屽儚闂ㄥ彛蹇呴』缁忚繃鐨勯椄鏈恒€?/p>

Drop packet锛氫涪寮冩暟鎹寘銆?/p>

Reset connection锛氶噸缃繛鎺ワ紝璁╅€氫俊鏂帀銆?/p>

Without external intervention锛氫笉绛変汉宸ユ潵鐐规寜閽紝绯荤粺鑷繁鍏堥樆鏂€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫細鎷﹂棬鍗€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶?IPS 鐨勫姩浣滆娓呮锛氫笉鍙槸鐪嬭锛岃繕浼氭嫤銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳嚜鍔ㄥ埞杞︺€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傜湅鍒板嵄闄╁氨鍒硅溅锛岄€傚悎璁颁富鍔ㄩ樆鏂€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬畨鍏ㄦ憚鍍忓ご銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛憚鍍忓ご鏇村儚 IDS 鎴?CCTV锛屽彧鐪嬭涓嶄竴瀹氭嫤銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀細鎷﹂棬鍗€濄€傚畠鍜?IDS 鐨勨€滃彧鍠婃姤璀﹀櫒鈥濊兘缁勬垚涓€瀵广€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

IPS = 浼氭嫤闂ㄥ崼銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃殑缃戝簵闂ㄥ彛涓嶅彧瑁呮姤璀﹀櫒锛岃繕绔欎簡浼氭嫤浜虹殑闂ㄥ崼锛涘彲鐤戞祦閲忓啿杩囨潵锛岄棬鍗洿鎺ユ妸瀹冩尅鍦ㄩ棬澶栥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細IPS 鍦ㄥ彂鐜版敾鍑诲悗鑳戒富鍔ㄩ樆鏂垨闄愬埗鍙枒娴侀噺銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭綉绔欒浜轰笉鏂瘯瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍙湁 IDS锛岀鐞嗗憳浼氭敹鍒板憡璀︼紝鐒跺悗浜哄伐鏌ャ€?/p>

濡傛灉閮ㄧ讲 IPS锛屽彲鐤戣姹傜粡杩囧畠鏃讹紝瀹冨彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ涪寮冨寘銆侀噸缃繛鎺ワ紝鎴栬€呬复鏃堕樆鏂潵婧愬湴鍧€銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?IPS 姣?IDS 澶氬嚭鏉ョ殑鍦版柟锛氬畠涓嶅彧鏄憡璇変綘鈥滄湁浜嬧€濓紝瀹冭繕浼氬厛鍔ㄦ墜鎸′竴涓嬨€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?intrusion prevention銆乸revent銆乥lock銆乨rop銆乺eset銆乨eny锛屽厛鎯?IPS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村疄鏃堕樆姝㈡敾鍑汇€佽嚜鍔ㄩ樆鏂繛鎺ャ€佹娴嬪埌鍚庨噰鍙栧姩浣滐紝涔熷線 IPS 闈犮€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?inline IPS锛岄噸鐐规槸瀹冨湪娴侀噺蹇呯粡璺緞涓婏紱濡傛灉鍙槸鏃佽矾鐩戝惉锛岄€氬父涓嶈兘鐩存帴闃绘柇銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?deploy IPS to stop common attacks锛屽父鏄湪闄嶄綆鏀诲嚮鎴愬姛姒傜巼锛屽睘浜庨闄╃紦瑙ｃ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎶?IDS 鍜?IPS 鏀句竴璧烽棶鍒濆鍝嶅簲锛屼粛鐒惰鍏堥獙璇佸▉鑳佸拰鑼冨洿锛屼笉瑕佹妸鎵€鏈夊憡璀﹂兘褰撶湡銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂彧鍙戠幇銆佸彧鍛婅锛岄€?IDS锛屼笉閫?IPS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

IDS锛氬儚鎶ヨ鍣紝閲嶇偣鏄彂鐜板拰閫氱煡銆?/p>

IPS锛氬儚闂ㄥ崼锛岄噸鐐规槸鍙戠幇鍚庨樆鏂€?/p>

Firewall锛氭寜棰勮瑙勫垯杩囨护锛屼笉涓€瀹氳瘑鍒敾鍑昏涓恒€?/p>

NBA锛圢etwork Behavior Analysis锛岀綉缁滆涓哄垎鏋愶級锛氭洿鍋忓彂鐜板紓甯歌涓烘ā寮忥紝涓嶇瓑浜庢墍鏈?IPS銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

MFA = Multi-Factor Authentication锛堝鍥犵礌璁よ瘉锛夈€?/p>

Multi 鏄涓紝factor 鏄洜绱狅紝authentication 鏄璇併€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氱郴缁熻浣犵敤涓ょ被鎴栧绫昏瘉鎹瘉鏄庘€滄垜鐪熸槸鎴戔€濄€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Know锛氱煡閬撶殑涓滆タ锛屾瘮濡傚瘑鐮併€丳IN銆?/p>

Have锛氭嫢鏈夌殑涓滆タ锛屾瘮濡傛櫤鑳藉崱銆佺‖浠朵护鐗屻€佹墜鏈洪獙璇佺爜銆?/p>

Are锛氫綘鑷韩鐨勪笢瑗匡紝姣斿鎸囩汗銆侀潰閮ㄣ€佽櫣鑶溿€?/p>

OTP锛歄ne-Time Password锛堜竴娆℃€у瘑鐮侊級锛岀敤杩囦竴娆″氨澶辨晥銆?/p>

Hardware token锛氱‖浠朵护鐗岋紝灞炰簬浣犳嫢鏈夌殑涓滆タ銆?/p>

Biometric锛氱敓鐗╃壒寰侊紝灞炰簬浣犺嚜韬殑涓滆タ銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬鎶婁笉鍚岄挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞噸鐐规槸鈥滀笉鍚屸€濓紝涓嶆槸澶氭妸鍚屾牱閽ュ寵銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬瘑鐮佸姞瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆備袱涓瘑鐮佽繕鏄悓涓€绫伙紝涓嶆槸濂借娉曘€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶棬鍙ｄ笁浠跺銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔╋細璁颁綇銆佸甫鐫€銆佹湰浜虹壒寰併€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃鎶婁笉鍚岄挜鍖欌€濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細MFA 鐨勫叧閿笉鏄暟閲忥紝鏄被鍒笉鍚屻€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

MFA = 澶氭妸涓嶅悓閽ュ寵銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楄繘鍚庡彴鏃讹紝绯荤粺涓嶅彧闂瘑鐮侊紝杩樿鎵嬫満浠ょ墝锛涗竴涓槸鑴戝瓙閲岀煡閬撶殑锛屼竴涓槸鎵嬮噷鎷跨潃鐨勩€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細MFA 鐢ㄥ涓笉鍚岃璇佸洜绱犺瘉鏄庤韩浠姐€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勫悗鍙板瘑鐮佹硠闇蹭簡銆?/p>

濡傛灉绯荤粺鍙湅瀵嗙爜锛屾敾鍑昏€呮嬁鍒板瘑鐮佸氨鑳借繘銆?/p>

濡傛灉绯荤粺瑕佹眰 MFA锛屾敾鍑昏€呰繕瑕佹嬁鍒板皬鏋楁墜鏈洪噷鐨勯獙璇佺爜锛屾垨鑰呮嬁鍒版櫤鑳藉崱锛岀敋鑷抽€氳繃鎸囩汗銆?/p>

杩欎笉鏄€滃杈撳嚑娆″瘑鐮佲€濓紝鑰屾槸浠庝笉鍚岃搴﹁瘉鏄庤韩浠姐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Multi-Factor Authentication銆乼wo-factor authentication銆乻trong authentication锛屽厛鐪嬮€夐」鏄笉鏄笉鍚屽洜绱犮€?/p>

棰樼洰缁?PIN + ATM card锛岄€氬父鏄袱鍥犵礌锛歅IN 鏄煡閬擄紝ATM card 鏄嫢鏈夈€?/p>

棰樼洰缁?password + security question锛岄€氬父涓嶆槸寮轰袱鍥犵礌锛屽洜涓洪兘闈犺蹇嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰缁?fingerprint + smart card锛屾槸鍏稿瀷涓ゅ洜绱狅細鑷韩鐗瑰緛 + 鎷ユ湁鐗┿€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?username and password锛堢敤鎴峰悕鍜屽瘑鐮侊級涓嶇瓑浜?MFA锛涚敤鎴峰悕涓昏鏄瘑鍒紝瀵嗙爜鎵嶆槸璁よ瘉鍥犵礌銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?privileged accounts銆乭ardware token銆乥iometric锛屽父鏄湪闂粰楂樻潈闄愯处鍙峰姞 MFA銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?OTP 闃叉 replay锛堥噸鏀炬敾鍑伙級锛岃鎯冲埌涓€娆℃€у瘑鐮佺敤杩囧氨涓嶈鍐嶆湁鏁堛€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Identification锛氭姤鑷繁鏄皝锛屾瘮濡傝緭鍏ョ敤鎴峰悕銆?/p>

Authentication锛氳瘉鏄庤嚜宸辩湡鏄繖涓汉銆?/p>

MFA锛氱敤澶氫釜涓嶅悓绫诲埆璇佹槑韬唤銆?/p>

Authorization锛氳璇佷箣鍚庯紝鍐嶅喅瀹氳兘璁块棶浠€涔堛€?/p>

SSO / FIM锛氬崟鐐圭櫥褰曟垨鑱斿悎韬唤锛岃В鍐崇櫥褰曞拰韬唤鍏变韩锛屼笉绛変簬 MFA 鏈韩銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

OSI = Open Systems Interconnection锛堝紑鏀剧郴缁熶簰杩烇級妯″瀷銆?/p>

瀹冩妸涓€娆＄綉缁滈€氫俊鎷嗘垚 7 灞傘€?/p>

浣犱笉鏄负浜嗚儗涓€涓娊璞¤〃鏍硷紝鑰屾槸涓轰簡鐪嬪埌 IP銆丮AC銆佺鍙ｃ€丠TTP銆佺綉绾挎椂锛岀煡閬撳畠浠珯鍦ㄥ摢涓€灞傘€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Layer锛氬眰銆?/p>

Frame锛氬抚锛屽父瀵瑰簲绗?2 灞傘€?/p>

Packet / Datagram锛氬寘鎴栨暟鎹姤锛屽父瀵瑰簲绗?3 灞傘€?/p>

Segment锛氭锛屽父瀵瑰簲绗?4 灞傘€?/p>

Protocol锛氬崗璁紝棰樼洰闂崗璁椂瑕佸厛鐪嬪畠宸ヤ綔鍦ㄥ摢涓€灞傘€?/p>

PPP / SLIP锛氬父寰€绗?2 灞傛暟鎹摼璺眰鐪嬨€?/p>

IPSec锛氬父寰€绗?3 灞傜綉缁滃眰鐪嬨€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竷灞傚揩閫掓ゼ銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛暟鎹儚蹇€掞紝浠庡簲鐢ㄥ啓淇★紝鍒扮嚎缂嗕笂璺紝鍐嶅埌瀵规柟涓€灞傚眰鎷嗗紑銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫竷灞傜數姊€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傞€傚悎璁颁笂涓嬪皝瑁呭拰瑙ｅ皝瑁呫€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫竷涓娊璞＄洅瀛愩€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お铏氾紝灏忕櫧涓嶇煡閬撶洅瀛愰噷瑁呬粈涔堛€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竷灞傚揩閫掓ゼ鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸姣忎竴灞傚拰鐜板疄鍔ㄤ綔杩炴帴璧锋潵銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

OSI = 涓冨眰蹇€掓ゼ銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀彂涓€灏佺綉缁滃揩閫掞紝搴旂敤灞傚啓鍐呭锛屼紶杈撳眰璐寸鍙ｏ紝缃戠粶灞傚啓 IP 鍦板潃锛屾暟鎹摼璺眰鍐?MAC 鏍囩锛岀墿鐞嗗眰璁╀俊鍙风湡姝ｈ窇鍦ㄧ嚎缂嗕笂銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細OSI 鐢ㄤ竷灞傛ā鍨嬪畾浣嶇綉缁滈€氫俊銆佸崗璁€佽澶囧拰鏀诲嚮鍙戠敓鐨勪綅缃€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

瀹㈡埛璁块棶灏忔灄缃戠珯銆?/p>

鐢ㄦ埛鐪嬪埌缃戦〉锛岃繖鏄簲鐢ㄥ眰銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄧ敤 TCP 杩炴帴鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ鍙ｏ紝杩欐槸浼犺緭灞傘€?/p>

鏁版嵁瑕佺煡閬撴湇鍔″櫒 IP 鍦板潃锛岃繖鏄綉缁滃眰銆?/p>

鍦ㄥ眬鍩熺綉閲岃繕瑕佺煡閬撲笅涓€璺崇殑 MAC 鍦板潃锛岃繖鏄暟鎹摼璺眰銆?/p>

鏈€鍚庣湡姝ｈ窇鐨勬槸鐢典俊鍙锋垨鍏変俊鍙凤紝杩欐槸鐗╃悊灞傘€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃摢涓€灞傗€濓紝灏辨槸璁╀綘鎶婅繖浠朵簨鏀惧洖涓冨眰妤奸噷銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?IP address銆乺outing銆乨atagram source and destination address锛屽厛鎯崇 3 灞傜綉缁滃眰銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?MAC address銆丄RP銆乫rame銆乻witch锛屽厛鎯崇 2 灞傛暟鎹摼璺眰銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TCP銆乁DP銆乸ort銆乻egment銆乺eliable transport锛屽厛鎯崇 4 灞備紶杈撳眰銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?electrical specifications銆乫iber銆乥its銆乧able锛屽厛鎯崇 1 灞傜墿鐞嗗眰銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?HTTP銆丗TP銆丼MTP銆丏NS銆丼NMP锛屽父寰€绗?7 灞傚簲鐢ㄥ眰闈犮€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?PPP銆丼LIP銆丮AC銆乫rame锛屽線绗?2 灞傞潬銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TCP/IP 妯″瀷閲屽摢涓笉鏄畾涔夊眰锛孲ession layer锛堜細璇濆眰锛夊父鏄櫡闃便€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

OSI 鏄湴鍥撅紝涓嶆槸鏌愪釜宸ュ叿銆?/p>

Router锛氫富瑕佺湅绗?3 灞傘€?/p>

Switch锛氫富瑕佺湅绗?2 灞傘€?/p>

Hub / cable / fiber锛氫富瑕佺湅绗?1 灞傘€?/p>

Firewall銆両DS銆両PS銆乂PN 瑕佹斁鍥炴祦閲忚矾寰勫拰瀵瑰簲灞傛閲岀湅銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細VPN / 铏氭嫙涓撶敤缃戠粶

VPN 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滅炕澧欌€濇垨鈥滆繙绋嬭繛鎺モ€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歏PN 鏄湪鍏叡缃戠粶涓婃寲涓€鏉″彈淇濇姢鐨勯€氶亾锛岃杩滅▼閫氫俊鍍忚蛋涓撶敤绾胯矾涓€鏍峰畨鍏ㄤ竴浜涖€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

VPN = Virtual Private Network锛堣櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉缁滐級銆?/p>

Virtual 鏄櫄鎷燂紝private 鏄笓鐢紝network 鏄綉缁溿€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬湪 Internet 杩欑鍏叡缃戠粶涓婏紝鐢ㄩ毀閬撱€佸姞瀵嗗拰璁よ瘉淇濇姢閫氫俊銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Tunnel锛氶毀閬擄紝鎶婂師鏉ョ殑閫氫俊鍖呰繘鍙椾繚鎶ら€氶亾銆?/p>

IPSec锛氬父鐢ㄤ簬缃戠粶灞傜殑瀹夊叏閫氫俊銆?/p>

SSL VPN / TLS VPN锛氬父鐢ㄤ簬鏇村鏄撻儴缃茬殑杩滅▼璁块棶鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

Remote access锛氳繙绋嬬敤鎴锋帴鍏ュ叕鍙歌祫婧愩€?/p>

Site-to-site锛氱珯鐐瑰埌绔欑偣锛屼袱涓綉缁滀簰杩炪€?/p>

Split tunneling锛氬垎绂婚毀閬擄紝涓€閮ㄥ垎娴侀噺璧?VPN锛屼竴閮ㄥ垎鐩存帴涓婂叕缃戙€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕缃戝湴閬撱€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸鈥滃叕鍏辩綉缁滀笂鍙椾繚鎶ら€氶亾鈥濊娓呮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶殣韬枟绡枫€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏄撹灏忕櫧璇互涓?VPN 浠€涔堥兘鑳介殣钘忋€佷粈涔堥兘鑳戒繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬叕鍙镐笓绾块棬绁ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑涓€鍗娿€俈PN 鍍忎笓绾匡紝浣嗕笉鏄潈闄愰棬绁ㄣ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叕缃戝湴閬撯€濄€傚畠鏈€璐?VPN 鐨勬湰璐細鍏叡璺笂寮€涓€鏉″彈淇濇姢閫氶亾銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

VPN = 鍏綉鍦伴亾銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀湪瀹惰闂叕鍙稿悗鍙帮紝涓嶆槸鎶婅祫鏂欒８濂斿湪 Internet 涓婏紝鑰屾槸鍏堥捇杩?VPN 鍏綉鍦伴亾锛屽啀鍒板叕鍙哥綉缁滃叆鍙ｃ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細VPN 鍦ㄥ叕鍏辩綉缁滀笂寤虹珛鍙椾繚鎶ら€氶亾锛岀敤鏉ヤ繚鎶よ繙绋嬫垨绔欑偣闂撮€氫俊銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勫鏈嶅湪瀹跺姙鍏紝瑕佽繛鍏徃璁㈠崟绯荤粺銆?/p>

濡傛灉鐩存帴鎶婂唴閮ㄧ郴缁熸毚闇插埌鍏綉锛屾敾鍑婚潰浼氬緢澶с€?/p>

鍏徃璁╁鏈嶅厛杩?VPN銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐨勭數鑴戝拰鍏徃 VPN 鍏ュ彛涔嬮棿寤虹珛鍔犲瘑闅ч亾锛屾暟鎹湪鍏綉涓棿琚埅鍒帮紝涔熶笉瀹规槗琚鎳傛垨绡℃敼銆?/p>

浣嗚繛涓?VPN 浠ュ悗锛岀郴缁熶粛鐒惰璁よ瘉韬唤銆佹鏌ユ潈闄愩€佽褰曟棩蹇椼€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?VPN tunnel銆乪ncrypted VPN銆乻ecure connection over public network锛屽厛鎯?VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村垎鏀満鏋勫拰鎬婚儴闀挎湡杩炴帴锛屽父鐪?site-to-site VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村ぇ閲忓鐢熸垨杩滅▼鐢ㄦ埛闇€瑕佷綆缁存姢銆佹槗閮ㄧ讲锛屽父鐪?SSL VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村彧鏄€滆兘涓嶈兘璁块棶鏌愪釜鏂囦欢鈥濓紝杩樿鐪?authentication 鍜?authorization锛屼笉瑕佸彧鍥犱负鏈?VPN 灏遍粯璁よ兘璁块棶銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?L2TP 鏀寔闈?IP 鍗忚锛岃鐭ラ亾瀹冩槸甯歌 VPN 鍗忚涓殑涓€涓壒寰佺偣銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?split tunneling锛屽厛鎯冲鎴风鍚屾椂杩炴帴鍏綉鍜屽唴缃戝甫鏉ョ殑椋庨櫓銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂繚瀵嗘€ф椂锛孷PN 甯搁潬鍔犲瘑闅ч亾锛涢鐩棶涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬ф椂锛屼笉瑕侀€?VPN锛屽父鐪嬫暟瀛楃鍚嶃€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

VPN锛氫繚鎶ら€氶亾銆?/p>

Encryption锛氫繚鎶ゅ唴瀹逛笉琚鎳傦紝VPN 閲屽父鐢ㄥ畠銆?/p>

Authentication锛氳瘉鏄庤繙绋嬬敤鎴锋槸璋併€?/p>

Authorization锛氬喅瀹氳繛杩涙潵鍚庤兘璁块棶浠€涔堛€?/p>

Firewall锛氭帶鍒跺摢浜涙祦閲忚兘杩涘嚭杈圭晫銆?/p>

VLAN锛氭湰鍦伴€昏緫鍒嗘锛屼笉鏄湪鍏綉寤虹珛鍔犲瘑闅ч亾銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Log = 鏃ュ織銆?/p>

Audit trail = 瀹¤璺熻釜銆?/p>

鏃ュ織鍍忎竴鏉℃潯璁板綍锛屽璁¤窡韪儚鎶婅繖浜涜褰曚覆璧锋潵鐨勮剼鍗拌矾绾裤€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Audit锛氬璁★紝妫€鏌ヨ瘉鎹拰鎺у埗鏈夋病鏈夋寜瑕佹眰鎵ц銆?/p>

Trail锛氱棔杩广€佽矾寰勩€?/p>

Log retention锛氭棩蹇椾繚鐣欐湡闄愩€?/p>

Access time锛氳闂椂闂淬€?/p>

System log锛氱郴缁熸棩蹇椼€?/p>

Log repository锛氭棩蹇椾粨搴擄紝鍙礋璐ｉ泦涓瓨鏀撅紝涓嶇瓑浜庤嚜鍔ㄥ垎鏋愩€?/p>

SIEM锛氬畨鍏ㄤ俊鎭笌浜嬩欢绠＄悊锛岃礋璐ｅ叧鑱斿垎鏋愬緢澶氭棩蹇楀拰鍛婅銆?/p>

SOAR锛氬畨鍏ㄧ紪鎺掋€佽嚜鍔ㄥ寲涓庡搷搴旓紝鍋忔妸鍒嗘瀽鍚庣殑鍝嶅簲鍔ㄤ綔鑷姩鍖栥€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳剼鍗拌处鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝剼鍗拌〃绀鸿建杩癸紝璐︽湰琛ㄧず鍙煡璁板綍銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬綍鍍忓甫銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔╋紝浣嗘棩蹇椾笉涓€瀹氭槸瑙嗛銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶棬绂侀挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞挜鍖欐槸鎺у埗璁块棶锛屼笉鏄簨鍚庤褰曘€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆剼鍗拌处鏈€濄€傚畠鑳藉悓鏃惰浣?log 鐨勮褰曟劅鍜?audit trail 鐨勮拷韪劅銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Audit Trail / Log = 鑴氬嵃璐︽湰銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁煡鍒拌鍗曢噾棰濊鏀癸紝鑴氬嵃璐︽湰鍛婅瘔浠栵細鍝釜璐﹀彿銆佸嚑鐐广€佷粠鍝彴鏈哄櫒鏀逛簡杩欑瑪璁㈠崟銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏃ュ織鍜屽璁¤窡韪褰曚富浣撴椿鍔紝甯姪杩借矗銆佽皟鏌ュ拰璇佹槑鎺у埗鎵ц鎯呭喌銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍙戠幇涓€绗旇鍗曚粠 1000 鍏冨彉鎴?10 鍏冦€?/p>

浠栦笉鑳藉彧闂€滄槸璋佸共鐨勨€濓紝鍥犱负娌′汉浼氫富鍔ㄦ壙璁ゃ€?/p>

浠栨墦寮€鏃ュ織锛岀湅瑙佺鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿鍦ㄥ噷鏅?2 鐐逛粠寮傚父 IP 鐧诲綍锛岀劧鍚庝慨鏀逛簡璁㈠崟閲戦銆?/p>

杩欎簺璁板綍杩炶捣鏉ワ紝灏辨槸瀹¤璺熻釜銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏃ュ織鍙繚鐣?6 澶╋紝鑰屼簨浠跺彂鐢熷湪涓婁釜鏈堬紝鍏徃灏辨煡涓嶄笅鍘讳簡銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?audit trail銆乻ystem logs銆乻ecurity logs銆乼race actions to individual锛屽厛鎯虫棩蹇椼€佸璁¤窡韪拰闂矗鎬с€?/p>

棰樼洰闂闂帶鍒舵棩蹇楅櫎浜?identifier锛堟爣璇嗙锛夎繕瑕佸寘鍚粈涔堬紝甯歌绛旀鏄?access time锛堣闂椂闂达級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存敾鍑绘病琚闃叉帶鍒舵尅浣忥紝涔熸病琚洃鎺у彂鐜帮紝浜嬪悗璋冩煡瑕侀潬 recording and audit trail controls銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存棩蹇椾繚鐣?6 涓湀鎴栨洿涔呭浠€涔堟湁浠峰€硷紝甯稿線 incident response锛堜簨浠跺搷搴旓級鍜岃皟鏌ラ潬銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?review logs 鍙戠幇鎿嶄綔闂銆侀厤缃敊璇垨鎭舵剰鏀诲嚮锛屽厛鎯虫棩蹇楀鏌ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?clipping level锛堝憡璀﹂槇鍊硷級涔熷彲鑳藉拰鏃ュ織/鐩戞帶鍛婅鏈夊叧锛氶棬妲涘お浣庤鎶ワ紝澶珮婕忔姤銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?prosecution evidence锛堣捣璇夎瘉鎹級鎴?forensic evidence锛堝彇璇佽瘉鎹級锛岃繕瑕佺湅 chain of custody锛堜繚绠￠摼锛夛紝涓嶈鍙瓟鈥滄湁鏃ュ織鈥濄€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Log锛氫竴鏉℃潯浜嬩欢璁板綍銆?/p>

Audit trail锛氳兘涓茶捣琛屼负璺緞鐨勮褰曢摼銆?/p>

Auditing锛氬璁¤繖涓姩浣滐紝妫€鏌ヨ瘉鎹拰鎺у埗銆?/p>

Accountability锛氶棶璐ｆ€э紝闈犳棩蹇椼€佽韩浠藉拰瀹¤鏀拺銆?/p>

Authorization锛氬喅瀹氳兘涓嶈兘鍋氾紝涓嶆槸浜嬪悗鏌ュ仛娌″仛銆?/p>

File Integrity Checker锛氬彂鐜版枃浠跺唴瀹规槸鍚﹁鏀癸紝鏇磋创瀹屾暣鎬ф鏌ワ紝涓嶆槸鏅€氭棩蹇椼€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Vulnerability Scan / 婕忔礊鎵弿

Vulnerability scan 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄壂婕忔礊鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鐢ㄥ伐鍏疯嚜鍔ㄧ収涓€鍦堢郴缁燂紝鎵惧凡鐭ュ急鐐癸紝浣嗕笉绛変簬鐪熺殑妯℃嫙鏀诲嚮鎵撹繘鍘汇€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Vulnerability Scan = 婕忔礊鎵弿銆?/p>

Vulnerability 鏄急鐐癸紝scan 鏄壂鎻忋€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬伐鍏疯嚜鍔ㄦ鏌ョ郴缁熴€佸簲鐢ㄣ€佺綉缁滄垨鏁版嵁搴撻噷鏈夋病鏈夊凡鐭ユ紡娲炪€佺己琛ヤ竵銆佸急閰嶇疆銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

CVE锛欳ommon Vulnerabilities and Exposures锛堥€氱敤婕忔礊涓庢毚闇茬紪鍙凤級锛岀粰婕忔礊璧风粺涓€鍚嶅瓧銆?/p>

CVSS锛欳ommon Vulnerability Scoring System锛堥€氱敤婕忔礊璇勫垎绯荤粺锛夛紝缁欎弗閲嶇▼搴︽墦鍒嗐€?/p>

Network discovery scan锛氬彂鐜扮綉缁滈噷鏈夊摢浜涗富鏈哄拰寮€鏀剧鍙ｃ€?/p>

Web application scan锛氫笓闂ㄦ壂 Web 搴旂敤锛屾瘮濡?SQL 娉ㄥ叆銆佺洰褰曠储寮曠瓑銆?/p>

Database scan锛氭壂鏁版嵁搴撶浉鍏冲急鐐广€?/p>

Validate remediation锛氶獙璇佷慨澶嶆槸鍚︾湡鐨勫畬鎴愩€傚畾鏈熸壂鎻忓父鐢ㄦ潵鍋氳繖浠朵簨銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭紡娲炴帰鐓х伅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐓у嚭鍝噷鍙兘鏈夋礊銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫綋妫€鎶ュ憡銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鍛婅瘔浣犲摢閲屽彲鑳芥湁闂锛屼絾涓嶇瓑浜庡凡缁忔墜鏈不鐤椼€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶粦瀹㈡敾鍩庛€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏇村儚娓楅€忔祴璇曘€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄紡娲炴帰鐓х伅鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細鎵弿鏄彂鐜板急鐐癸紝涓嶆槸璇佹槑鎵€鏈夎矾寰勯兘鑳芥墦閫氥€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Vulnerability Scan = 婕忔礊鎺㈢収鐏€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁嬁婕忔礊鎺㈢収鐏壂鏈嶅姟鍣紝鍙戠幇鏃х増鏈粍浠躲€佸急瀵嗙爜绛栫暐鍜屼竴涓?CVE 缂栧彿瀵瑰簲鐨勫凡鐭ユ紡娲炪€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細婕忔礊鎵弿鐢ㄨ嚜鍔ㄥ寲宸ュ叿鎺㈡祴宸茬煡寮辩偣锛屽府鍔╁悗缁慨澶嶅拰澶嶆煡銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄涓婄嚎鏂扮綉绔欏悗锛屼笉鐭ラ亾鍝噷鏈€瀹规槗琚敾鍑汇€?/p>

浠栧厛璁╂壂鎻忓櫒妫€鏌ョ鍙ｃ€佺増鏈€佽ˉ涓併€乄eb 鐩綍鍜屽凡鐭ユ紡娲炪€?/p>

鎵弿鍣ㄦ姤鍛婅锛氳繖閲岀己琛ヤ竵锛岄偅閲岄厤缃笉瀹夊叏锛岃繕鏈変竴涓彃浠剁増鏈懡涓?CVE銆?/p>

杩欎唤鎶ュ憡鍛婅瘔浠栧摢閲屾湁娲炪€?/p>

浣嗗畠杩樻病鏈夎瘉鏄庢敾鍑昏€呰兘涓嶈兘涓€璺繘鍚庡彴銆佹嬁鍒板鎴疯祫鏂欙紱閭ｉ€氬父瑕侀潬鎺堟潈娓楅€忔祴璇曟潵楠岃瘉銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?automated tools銆乲nown weaknesses銆乻cheduled scanning銆乻canner report锛屽厛鎯?vulnerability scan銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Nessus銆丱penVAS銆丼AINT锛屽厛鎯虫紡娲炴壂鎻忓伐鍏枫€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Nikto銆乄eb application vulnerability scan锛屽厛鎯?Web 婕忔礊鎵弿銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Heartbleed CVE-2014-0160锛岃妫€鏌ユ壂鎻忓櫒鏄惁鏈夊搴旂鍚嶃€佹彃浠舵垨娴嬭瘯銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村伐鍏峰彧鏄彂鐜板紑鏀剧鍙ｏ紝涓嶄竴瀹氳瘑鍒紡娲烇紝鍙兘鏄?port scan锛屼笉瑕佹贩銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?validate remediation锛堥獙璇佷慨澶嶏級銆乵issing patch锛堢己琛ヤ竵锛夈€乺egular scanning锛堝畾鏈熸壂鎻忥級锛屼篃寰€婕忔礊鎵弿闈犮€?/p>

棰樼洰璇村湪鐢熶骇鐜璇曟柊鎵弿宸ュ叿锛岄€氬父閫?off-peak锛堜笟鍔′綆宄帮級鎴栧厛鎺у埗鑼冨洿锛屼笉瑕佸奖鍝嶄笟鍔°€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Vulnerability scan锛氳嚜鍔ㄦ壘宸茬煡寮辩偣銆?/p>

Vulnerability assessment锛氭妸鎵弿鍜屽垎鏋愭斁杩涜瘎浼拌繃绋嬶紝褰㈡垚淇璺嚎銆?/p>

Penetration testing锛氭巿鏉冨洟闃熸ā鎷熸敾鍑伙紝楠岃瘉鑳戒笉鑳藉埄鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Risk assessment锛氱湅涓氬姟褰卞搷鍜屼紭鍏堢骇锛屼笉鍙槸鎶€鏈紡娲炪€?/p>

Audit锛氭煡鎺у埗鍜岃瘉鎹槸鍚︽寜瑕佹眰鎵ц銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Cost-Effective / 鎴愭湰鏈夋晥

Cost-effective 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滀究瀹溾€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠闂殑鏄姳鐨勯挶鍊间笉鍊硷紝鑳戒笉鑳界敤鍚堢悊鎴愭湰鎸′綇涓昏椋庨櫓銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Cost-effective = 鎴愭湰鏈夋晥銆?/p>

Cost 鏄垚鏈紝effective 鏄湁鏁堛€?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氬畨鍏ㄦ帶鍒跺甫鏉ョ殑淇濇姢鏁堟灉锛岃閰嶅緱涓婂畠鑺辨帀鐨勯挶銆佹椂闂淬€佷汉鍔涘拰涓氬姟浠ｄ环銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Cost锛氶挶銆佷汉鍔涖€佹椂闂淬€佺淮鎶ゆ垚鏈€佷笟鍔″奖鍝嶃€?/p>

Benefit锛氬噺灏戠殑鎹熷け銆侀檷浣庣殑椋庨櫓銆佸悎瑙勬垨涓氬姟鏀剁泭銆?/p>

CBA锛欳ost-Benefit Analysis锛堟垚鏈晥鐩婂垎鏋愶級銆?/p>

ALE锛欰nnualized Loss Expectancy锛堝勾棰勬湡鎹熷け锛夛紝甯哥敤鏉ュ拰鎺у埗鎴愭湰姣旇緝銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶搧绠楃洏銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滅畻璐︹€濓紝涓嶆槸鍑劅瑙変拱宸ュ叿銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭渶渚垮疁鎸夐挳銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛渶渚垮疁鍙兘鎸′笉浣忛闄┿€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳姳灏忛挶鎸″ぇ鍧戙€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鏈夌敾闈紝浣嗚璁板緱涓嶆槸鎵€鏈夊潙閮借兘闈犲皬閽辨尅銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈搧绠楃洏鈥濄€傚畨鍏ㄦ帶鍒惰绠椾繚鎶や环鍊笺€侀闄╁噺灏戝拰璧勬簮鎴愭湰銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Cost-effective = 閾佺畻鐩樸€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁嬁閾佺畻鐩樼畻璐︼細瀹㈡埛鏁版嵁搴撳€煎嚑鍗佷竾锛屽氨鍊煎緱鍔犲浠姐€佸姞鐩戞帶锛涙櫘閫氬浼犲浘鍐屽彧鍊煎嚑鐧惧厓锛屽氨涓嶈鐢ㄥ嚑鍗佷竾鍏冩柟妗堜繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹夊叏鎺у埗瑕佷互鍚堢悊璧勬簮鎴愭湰鎻愪緵瓒冲淇濇姢锛屼笉鑳芥帶鍒舵垚鏈珮杩囪淇濇姢瀵硅薄浠峰€笺€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎯充拱涓€濂楁槀璐靛畨鍏ㄨ澶囥€?/p>

渚涘簲鍟嗚鍔熻兘寰堝己锛屼絾涓€骞磋垂鐢ㄦ瘮灏忔灄瑕佷繚鎶ょ殑鏅€氭祴璇曠郴缁熻繕璐点€?/p>

杩欐椂浠栦笉鑳藉彧闂€滃畨涓嶅畨鍏ㄢ€濓紝杩樿闂€滃€间笉鍊尖€濄€?/p>

濡傛灉鎺у埗鎴愭湰瓒呰繃琚繚鎶ゅ璞′环鍊硷紝鑰冭瘯閲岄€氬父璇?unwarranted锛堜笉鍚堢悊銆佷笉鍊煎緱锛夈€?/p>

浣嗗鏋滃鎴锋暟鎹簱鍙兘涓€骞撮€犳垚鍑犲崄涓囨崯澶憋紝鑰屼竴涓嚑涓囧厓鎺у埗鑳芥樉钁楅檷浣庨闄╋紝閭ｅ氨鍙兘鏄垚鏈湁鏁堛€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?most significant protection for lowest resource cost锛屽厛鎯?cost-effective銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?control cost exceeds protected object value锛岄€氬父鏄笉鍚堢悊銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Cost-Benefit Analysis锛圕BA锛夌粰鏂扮殑瀹夊叏璁″垝鎻愪緵浠€涔堬紝甯哥湅 quantifiable justification锛堝彲閲忓寲鐞嗙敱锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰璇村垽鏂帶鍒舵槸鍚﹀€煎緱缂撹В婕忔礊锛屽父姣旇緝 ALE锛堝勾棰勬湡鎹熷け锛夊拰 control cost锛堟帶鍒舵垚鏈級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?most cost-effective DR site锛岃繕瑕佺粨鍚?RTO / MTD锛屼笉鏄案杩滈€夋渶渚垮疁鍐风珯銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?BIA锛堜笟鍔″奖鍝嶅垎鏋愶級锛岄噸鐐规槸涓氬姟鍋滄憜褰卞搷鍜屾仮澶嶄紭鍏堢骇锛涢鐩 CBA锛堟垚鏈晥鐩婂垎鏋愶級锛岄噸鐐规槸鎶曞叆鍊间笉鍊笺€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?regardless of cost锛堜笉绠℃垚鏈級锛岄€氬父瑕佽鎯曪紱CISSP 鏇村亸涓氬姟鍚堢悊銆侀闄╁悎鐞嗐€佹垚鏈悎鐞嗐€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Cost-effective锛氬€间笉鍊硷紝淇濇姢鏁堟灉鍜屾垚鏈钩琛°€?/p>

Cheapest锛氭渶渚垮疁锛屼笉涓€瀹氭湁鏁堛€?/p>

Maximum security锛氭渶寮哄畨鍏紝涓嶄竴瀹氬€煎緱銆?/p>

Compliance锛氬悎瑙勫簳绾匡紝鏈変簺瑕佹眰鍗充娇璐典篃蹇呴』婊¤冻銆?/p>

Risk acceptance锛氶闄╂帴鍙楋紝鏄笟鍔″眰闈㈠喅瀹氭槸鍚︽壙鎷呭墿浣欓闄┿€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Procedure / 绋嬪簭

Procedure 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄祦绋嬧€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄収鐫€鍋氱殑鎿嶄綔鍗曪紝涓€姝ヤ竴姝ュ憡璇変綘鎬庝箞瀹屾垚鏌愪釜瀹夊叏鍔ㄤ綔銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Procedure = 绋嬪簭 / 娴佺▼銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳皝鍏堝仛浠€涔堬紝涓嬩竴姝ュ仛浠€涔堬紝鍋氬畬瑕佽褰曚粈涔堛€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Policy锛氭斂绛栵紝楂樺眰鍘熷垯锛岃鈥滃叕鍙歌浠€涔堚€濄€?/p>

Standard锛氭爣鍑嗭紝寮哄埗瑕佹眰锛岃鈥滃繀椤昏揪鍒颁粈涔堟暟鍊兼垨瑙勫垯鈥濄€?/p>

Procedure锛氱▼搴忥紝璇粹€滄寜浠€涔堟楠ゅ仛鈥濄€?/p>

Guideline锛氭寚鍗楋紝寤鸿鍋氭硶锛岃鈥滄渶濂芥€庝箞鍋氣€濄€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭搷浣滃崟銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鏈€璐?step-by-step銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬叕鍙稿彛鍙枫€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚彛鍙锋洿鍍忔斂绛栵紝涓嶆槸绋嬪簭銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱‖灏烘潯銆?/p>

娣樻卑鍒?standard銆傛爣鍑嗗儚灏哄瓙锛岀▼搴忓儚姝ラ鍗曘€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄搷浣滃崟鈥濄€傜湅鍒?procedure锛屽氨鎯冲憳宸ヨ兘鐓х潃涓€姝ヤ竴姝ュ仛銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Procedure = 鎿嶄綔鍗曘€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃粰鏂板鏈嶅紑璐﹀彿锛屼笉鏄嚟鎰熻鐐规寜閽紝鑰屾槸鐓ф搷浣滃崟锛氱敵璇枫€佷富绠″鎵广€佸垱寤鸿处鍙枫€佸垎閰嶆潈闄愩€佸惎鐢?MFA銆佽褰曞伐鍗曘€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細绋嬪簭鎻愪緵鍏蜂綋姝ラ锛屾寚瀵间汉鍛樻寜涓€鑷存柟娉曟墽琛屽畨鍏ㄤ换鍔°€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

鍏徃鏀跨瓥璇达細鍛樺伐璐﹀彿蹇呴』瀹夊叏銆?/p>

鏍囧噯璇达細瀵嗙爜鑷冲皯 14 浣嶏紝绠＄悊鍛樺繀椤?MFA锛岀鑱岃处鍙?24 灏忔椂鍐呯鐢ㄣ€?/p>

浣嗘柊浜鸿繕鏄細闂細鎴戜粖澶╁埌搴曟€庝箞鍋氾紵

杩欐椂 procedure 鍑哄満銆?/p>

瀹冧細鍐欐竻妤氾細鍏堝～鐢宠琛紝璋佸鎵癸紝璋佸紑璐﹀彿锛屽紑瀹屾€庝箞閫氱煡锛屾渶鍚庢棩蹇楁€庝箞鐣欍€?/p>

娌℃湁绋嬪簭锛屽悓涓€涓姹傚埌涓嶅悓鍛樺伐鎵嬮噷灏变細鍋氭垚鍗佺鏍峰瓙銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?step-by-step instructions锛屽厛鎯?procedure銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃叿浣撴€庝箞鎵ц鏌愪釜鏀跨瓥鎴栨爣鍑嗏€濓紝鍏堟兂 procedure銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?policy銆乻tandard銆乸rocedure銆乬uideline 鏀惧湪涓€璧凤紝鍏堝垎灞傜骇锛氭斂绛栧畾鏂瑰悜锛屾爣鍑嗗畾纭姹傦紝绋嬪簭瀹氭楠わ紝鎸囧崡缁欏缓璁€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃繀椤昏揪鍒颁粈涔堝叿浣撹姹傗€濓紝涓嶈閫?procedure锛屽彲鑳芥槸 standard銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?minimum security configuration锛堟渶浣庡畨鍏ㄩ厤缃級锛屾洿鍍?baseline锛屼笉鏄?procedure銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?high-level management intent锛堥珮灞傜鐞嗘剰鍥撅級锛屾洿鍍?policy锛屼笉鏄?procedure銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Policy锛氫负浠€涔堣鍋氥€佸師鍒欐槸浠€涔堛€?/p>

Standard锛氬繀椤昏揪鍒颁粈涔堢‖瑕佹眰銆?/p>

Procedure锛氫竴姝ヤ竴姝ユ€庝箞鍋氥€?/p>

Guideline锛氭帹鑽愭€庝箞鍋氾紝涓嶄竴瀹氬己鍒躲€?/p>

Baseline锛氭渶浣庡畨鍏ㄥ簳绾裤€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Security Governance / 瀹夊叏娌荤悊

Security Governance 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滅鐞嗗畨鍏ㄢ€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄叕鍙搁珮灞傜粰瀹夊叏瀹氭柟鍚戙€佸垎璐ｄ换銆佺湅椋庨櫓銆佺洴鎵ц锛岃瀹夊叏鏈嶅姟涓氬姟鐩爣銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Security Governance = 瀹夊叏娌荤悊銆?/p>

Governance 涓嶆槸姣忓ぉ閰嶉槻鐏瑙勫垯銆?/p>

瀹冪湡姝ｉ棶鐨勬槸锛氳皝鍦ㄩ珮灞傚畾涔夊畨鍏ㄦ柟鍚戯紝璋佹壒鍑嗛闄╋紝璋佺洃鐫ｅ畨鍏ㄥ伐浣滄湁娌℃湁鍜屽叕鍙哥洰鏍囧榻愩€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Board of directors锛氳懀浜嬩細銆?/p>

Governance committee锛氭不鐞嗗鍛樹細銆?/p>

Oversight锛氱洃鐫ｃ€?/p>

Alignment锛氬榻愶紝璁╁畨鍏ㄥ拰涓氬姟鐩爣涓€鑷淬€?/p>

Risk acceptance锛氶闄╂帴鍙楋紝閫氬父闇€瑕佽兘鎵挎媴涓氬姟鍚庢灉鐨勪汉鎵瑰噯銆?/p>

Metrics and goals锛氬害閲忓拰鐩爣锛岀敤鏉ヨ楂樺眰鐭ラ亾瀹夊叏宸ヤ綔鏈夋病鏈夋湞姝ｇ‘鏂瑰悜璧般€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬畨鍏ㄦ柟鍚戠洏銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛柟鍚戠洏鍐冲畾寰€鍝紑锛屼笉鏄疆鑳庤嚜宸卞喅瀹氥€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬伐鍏风銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚伐鍏风鏄叿浣撴帶鍒讹紝涓嶆槸娌荤悊銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳€佹澘椹鹃┒鑸便€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傞€傚悎璁伴珮灞傜洃鐫ｅ拰鐪嬩华琛ㄧ洏銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃畨鍏ㄦ柟鍚戠洏鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細娌荤悊鏄畾鏂瑰悜銆佸垎璐ｄ换銆佺洃鐫ｅ榻愩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Security Governance = 瀹夊叏鏂瑰悜鐩樸€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀叕鍙镐笉鏄宸ョ▼甯堣嚜宸辨兂涔颁粈涔堝氨涔颁粈涔堬紝鑰屾槸鐢遍珮灞傛彙浣忓畨鍏ㄦ柟鍚戠洏锛屽喅瀹氬摢浜涢闄╄鍏堢銆侀挶鑺卞湪鍝噷銆佽皝瀵圭粨鏋滆礋璐ｃ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹夊叏娌荤悊閫氳繃楂樺眰鏀寔銆佽瘎浼般€佸畾涔夊拰鎸囧锛岃瀹夊叏宸ヤ綔涓庣粍缁囩洰鏍囧拰椋庨櫓鎵垮彈鑳藉姏涓€鑷淬€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃瓒婂仛瓒婂ぇ锛屾湁缃戝簵銆佷粨搴撱€佹敮浠樸€佸鏈嶅拰渚涘簲鍟嗐€?/p>

宸ョ▼甯堢煡閬撴€庝箞閰嶉槻鐏锛屼絾浠栦笉鑳界嫭鑷喅瀹氬鎴锋暟鎹兘鎵挎媴澶氬ぇ椋庨櫓锛屼篃涓嶈兘鐙嚜鍐冲畾鍋滄満涓€澶╁叕鍙歌兘涓嶈兘鎺ュ彈銆?/p>

杩欎簺闂瑕佺敱鑳芥壙鎷呬笟鍔″悗鏋滅殑浜烘潵瀹氭柟鍚戙€?/p>

钁ｄ簨浼氥€佹不鐞嗗鍛樹細銆丆EO 鎴?CISO 瑕佺湅椋庨櫓銆侀绠椼€佸悎瑙勩€佷笟鍔¤繛缁€у拰澶栭儴缁忛獙锛岀劧鍚庡喅瀹氬畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囧拰璐ｄ换杈圭晫銆?/p>

杩欐牱瀹夊叏鎵嶄笉鏄悇閮ㄩ棬鍚勫共鍚勭殑锛岃€屾槸鏈嶅姟鍏徃鏁翠綋鐩爣銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?board of directors銆乬overnance committee銆丆EO銆丆ISO supports / evaluates / defines / directs security efforts锛屽厛鎯?security governance銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?corporate governance銆両T governance 鍜?security governance 浜掔浉鍏宠仈锛屽厛鎯虫不鐞嗗榻愩€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?first / priority锛堥鍏?/ 浼樺厛锛変笖鏄不鐞嗗満鏅紝閫氬父鍏堢湅鑼冨洿銆佽矗浠汇€侀珮灞傛敮鎸併€侀闄╄瘎浼版垨涓氬姟鐩爣锛屼笉瑕佸厛璺冲埌涔板伐鍏枫€?/p>

棰樼洰璇磋皝璐熻矗鏁版嵁鍒嗙被锛屽父鐪?data owner锛堟暟鎹墍鏈夎€咃級锛岃繖灞炰簬娌荤悊璐ｄ换閾剧殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?COBIT锛岄€氬父鏄?IT governance framework锛圛T 娌荤悊妗嗘灦锛夛紝涓嶈鎶?COBIT 褰撴垚鍗曚釜鎶€鏈帶鍒躲€?/p>

棰樼洰璇存墍鏈夊畨鍏ㄦ椿鍔ㄩ兘搴旇鍙湪瀹夊叏閮ㄩ棬鍐呴儴瀹屾垚锛岃繖鏄敊璇不鐞嗚锛涙不鐞嗚璺ㄤ笟鍔°€両T銆侀闄┿€佸悎瑙勫拰楂樺眰璐ｄ换銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂俊鎭畨鍏ㄦ斂绛栦负浠€涔堥噸瑕侊紝甯哥湅瀹冨浣曟敮鎸?governance锛堟不鐞嗭級銆佹槑纭矗浠诲拰缁欐帶鍒舵彁渚涗緷鎹€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Governance锛氬畾鏂瑰悜銆佸畾璐ｄ换銆佺洃鐫ｃ€佸榻愪笟鍔°€?/p>

Management锛氭棩甯告墽琛屽拰绠＄悊瀹夊叏娲诲姩銆?/p>

Control锛氬叿浣撴帶鍒讹紝姣斿闃茬伀澧欍€丮FA銆佹棩蹇椼€?/p>

Audit锛氭鏌ヨ瘉鎹拰鎺у埗鏄惁鎵ц銆?/p>

COBIT锛氬府鍔╁仛 IT 娌荤悊鍜屾帶鍒剁洰鏍囩殑妗嗘灦銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Policy / 瀹夊叏鏀跨瓥

Policy 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄斂绛栤€濅袱涓瓧銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歅olicy 鏄叕鍙歌创鍦ㄥ涓婄殑鎬昏鐭╋紝鍏堝憡璇夋墍鏈変汉鈥滃畨鍏ㄨ繖浠朵簨蹇呴』鎬庝箞瀵瑰緟鈥濓紝浣嗗畠涓嶄細鎶婃瘡涓€姝ユ搷浣滈兘鍐欐垚鏁欑▼銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Policy = 瀹夊叏鏀跨瓥銆?/p>

瀹冨儚鍏徃鑰佹澘绛惧瓧鐨勬€昏鐭┿€?/p>

瀹冨憡璇夊ぇ瀹讹細鍝簺涓滆タ蹇呴』淇濇姢锛岃皝瑕佽礋璐ｏ紝杩濆弽浜嗕細鎬庢牱澶勭悊銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄暀浣犫€滅偣鍝釜鎸夐挳銆佸～鍝紶琛ㄣ€佸厛鎵捐皝绛惧瓧鈥濄€?/p>

閭ｄ簺涓€姝ヤ竴姝ユ€庝箞鍋氱殑鍐呭锛屾墠鏇村儚 procedure锛堢▼搴忥級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Policy锛氭斂绛栥€佹€昏鍒欍€佺鐞嗗眰鎰忓浘銆?/p>

High-level锛氶珮灞傜骇锛屼笉鏄粏鑺傛暀绋嬨€?/p>

Management intent锛氱鐞嗗眰鎰忓浘锛屾剰鎬濇槸鍏徃涓婇潰宸茬粡瀹氫簡鏂瑰悜銆?/p>

Enforcement锛氭墽琛岃姹傦紝涓嶆槸鍐欏畬鏀炬娊灞夈€?/p>

Disciplinary action锛氱邯寰嬪鍒嗭紝鍛樺伐杩濆弽鏀跨瓥浼氭湁鍚庢灉銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬涓婄殑鎬昏鐭┿€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚皬鐧借兘鐪嬭鐢婚潰锛氬涓婅创鐫€鑰佹澘绛惧瓧鐨勫畨鍏ㄨ姹傘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭搷浣滆鏄庝功銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛搷浣滆鏄庝功澶儚 procedure锛堢▼搴忥級锛屼細鎶婃斂绛栧拰姝ラ娣锋帀銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬笀鍌呭缓璁€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚缓璁洿鍍?guideline锛堟寚鍗楋級锛宲olicy 閫氬父鏄繀椤婚伒瀹堛€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃涓婄殑鎬昏鐭┾€濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細鏀跨瓥鍏堝畾鏂瑰悜銆佽矗浠诲拰鍚庢灉锛屼笉璐熻矗鍐欐瘡涓€姝ユ搷浣溿€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Policy = 澧欎笂鐨勬€昏鐭┿€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃綉搴楀涓婅创鐫€涓€寮犺€佹澘绛惧瓧鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ斂绛栵紝鍐欑潃瀹㈡埛璧勬枡涓嶈兘绉佽嚜澶栧彂銆佺鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿蹇呴』淇濇姢銆佽繚瑙勮澶勭悊銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細policy 鏄珮灞傜骇瀹夊叏瑕佹眰锛岀敤鏉ョ粰缁勭粐瀹氭柟鍚戙€佸畾璐ｄ换銆佸畾鎵ц鍚庢灉銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵寮€濮嬪彧鏈変笁涓汉鏃讹紝澶у鍑劅瑙夊仛浜嬨€?/p>

鍚庢潵瀹㈡埛澶氫簡锛屽鏈嶄細瀵煎嚭瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟锛岃繍钀ヤ細纰拌鍗曟暟鎹紝鎶€鏈細寮€绠＄悊鍛樿处鍙枫€?/p>

濡傛灉鑰佹澘鍙鈥滃ぇ瀹舵敞鎰忓畨鍏ㄢ€濓紝姣忎釜浜虹悊瑙ｉ兘涓嶄竴鏍枫€?/p>

浜庢槸鍏徃鍏堝啓 policy锛氬鎴疯祫鏂欏睘浜庢晱鎰熸暟鎹紱娌℃湁涓氬姟闇€瑕佷笉鑳藉鍑猴紱绠＄悊鍛樿处鍙峰繀椤诲崟鐙繚鎶わ紱杩濆弽瑙勫垯瑕佸鍒嗐€?/p>

杩欏紶绾镐笉鏄暀绋嬨€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄憡璇夊鏈嶉紶鏍囩偣鍝噷銆?/p>

瀹冨厛鍛婅瘔鎵€鏈変汉锛氬叕鍙稿湪瀹夊叏涓婄珛浜嗗摢浜涚‖瑙勭煩銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?security policy锛堝畨鍏ㄦ斂绛栵級锛屽厛鎯斥€滃叕鍙告€昏鐭┾€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?high-level management intent锛堥珮灞傜鐞嗘剰鍥撅級锛屽厛鎯?policy銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?scope锛堣寖鍥达級銆乤ssets锛堣祫浜э級銆乸rotection extent锛堜繚鎶ゅ埌浠€涔堢▼搴︼級锛屼篃甯稿湪闂?policy 鍏堟妸淇濇姢鑼冨洿鍜岃矗浠诲垝鍑烘潵銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?senior management endorsement锛堥珮灞傝儗涔︼級鎴?first step in security program锛堝畨鍏ㄨ鍒掔涓€姝ワ級锛屼紭鍏堢湅鏈夋病鏈夊叕鍙哥骇瀹夊叏鏀跨瓥澹版槑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂摢涓枃浠跺簲璇ュ寘鍚?disciplinary measures锛堢邯寰嬪鍒嗘帾鏂斤級锛屽父鐪?policy銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村憳宸ラ渶瑕佺悊瑙ｅ叕鍙?policies and procedures锛堟斂绛栧拰绋嬪簭锛夛紝policy 绠¤姹傦紝procedure 绠℃楠ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?session timeout锛堜細璇濊秴鏃讹級杩欑被缁勭粐瑕佹眰鐢辫皝鍐冲畾锛屽彲鑳戒細鎸囧悜 policy 鎴?standard锛岃鐪嬮骞叉槸鍦ㄩ棶鈥滄€昏姹傗€濊繕鏄€滃叿浣撴暟鍊尖€濓紱濡傛灉棰樼洰缁欑殑鏄?15 鍒嗛挓銆?0 澶╄繖绫诲叿浣撴暟鍊硷紝閫氬父鏇村儚 standard锛堟爣鍑嗭級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Policy锛氬叕鍙歌姹備粈涔堬紝涓轰粈涔堣繖涔堣姹傘€?/p>

Standard锛氬繀椤昏揪鍒颁粈涔堝叿浣撶‖鎸囨爣銆?/p>

Procedure锛氫竴姝ヤ竴姝ユ€庝箞鍋氥€?/p>

Guideline锛氬缓璁€庝箞鍋氾紝涓嶄竴瀹氬己鍒躲€?/p>

Baseline锛氭渶浣庡畨鍏ㄩ厤缃嚎銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Guideline / 鎸囧崡

Guideline 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄寚鍗椻€濅袱涓瓧銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欸uideline 鏄笀鍌呯粰浣犵殑鎺ㄨ崘璧版硶锛屾渶濂界収鐫€鍋氾紝浣嗗畠閫氬父涓嶅儚 policy 鎴?standard 閭ｆ牱纭€у己鍒躲€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Guideline = 鎸囧崡銆?/p>

瀹冨儚鑰佸憳宸ョ粰鏂颁汉鐨勮创澹€?/p>

瀹冧細璇达細杩欑鎯呭喌寤鸿杩欐牱鍋氾紝杩欐牱鏇寸ǔ銆佹洿鐪佷簨銆佹洿绗﹀悎濂戒範鎯€?/p>

浣嗗畠涓€鑸笉鏄€滀綘蹇呴』杩欎箞鍋氾紝鍚﹀垯澶勫垎鈥濄€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Guideline锛氭寚鍗椼€佸缓璁矾绾裤€?/p>

Recommendation锛氬缓璁紝涓嶆槸纭€у懡浠ゃ€?/p>

Best practice锛氭渶浣冲疄璺碉紝鍒汉鎬荤粨杩囩殑濂藉仛娉曘€?/p>

Should锛氬簲璇ュ仛锛岃姘旀瘮 must锛堝繀椤伙級寮便€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬笀鍌呭缓璁创澹€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鏈夆€滃缓璁€濆懗閬擄紝涓嶄細璇鎴愬己鍒跺懡浠ゃ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬叕鍙搁搧寰嬨€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞搧寰嬫洿鍍?policy 鎴?standard銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭祦绋嬫竻鍗曘€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛祦绋嬫竻鍗曟洿鍍?procedure銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃笀鍌呭缓璁创澹€濄€傚皬鐧界湅鍒?guideline锛屽氨鍏堟兂鈥滄帹鑽愬仛娉曗€濓紝涓嶈鐩存帴褰撴垚蹇呴』椤广€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Guideline = 甯堝倕寤鸿璐村＋銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬笀鍌呭湪鐢佃剳鏃佽创浜嗕竴寮犲皬绾告潯锛屾彁閱掓柊浜虹敤瀵嗙爜绠＄悊鍣ㄣ€佸埆鎶婃潈闄愪竴娆″紑澶ぇ銆佷笂绾垮墠鏈€濂藉啀璁╁悓浜嬬湅涓€閬嶃€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細guideline 鏄帹鑽愭€ф寚瀵硷紝甯姪浜哄仛寰楁洿濂斤紝浣嗛€氬父涓嶆槸纭€у己鍒惰姹傘€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瑕佺粰瀹㈡湇寮€鏂拌处鍙枫€?/p>

Policy 宸茬粡璇达細璐﹀彿蹇呴』瀹夊叏銆?/p>

Standard 宸茬粡璇达細瀵嗙爜鑷冲皯澶氬皯浣嶃€佹槸鍚﹀繀椤?MFA銆?/p>

Procedure 浼氬啓锛氳皝鐢宠銆佽皝瀹℃壒銆佽皝寮€閫氥€?/p>

Guideline 绔欏湪鏃佽竟鎻愰啋锛氬鏋滄柊浜鸿繕涓嶇啛锛屽厛缁欐渶灏忔潈闄愶紱濡傛灉瑕佷复鏃舵彁鏉冿紝鏈€濂藉啓娓呮鍒版湡鏃堕棿锛涘鏋滈亣鍒颁笉纭畾鐨勮姹傦紝鍏堥棶涓荤銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄粰浣犲閾侀摼銆?/p>

瀹冩槸璁╀綘灏戣蛋寮矾銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?recommended锛堟帹鑽愮殑锛夈€乥est practice锛堟渶浣冲疄璺碉級銆乻hould锛堝簲璇ワ級锛屽厛鎯?guideline銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃摢绉嶆枃妗ｆ彁渚涘缓璁絾涓嶅己鍒垛€濓紝鍏堟兂 guideline銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?flexible锛堢伒娲伙級銆乻uggested actions锛堝缓璁姩浣滐級銆乷perational guide锛堟搷浣滄寚瀵间絾鍙皟鏁达級锛屼篃鏇村儚 guideline銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?mandatory锛堝己鍒讹級銆乵ust锛堝繀椤伙級銆乻hall锛堝繀椤伙級锛屼笉瑕佹€ョ潃閫?guideline锛屾洿鍙兘鏄?policy 鎴?standard銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?step-by-step锛堜竴姝ヤ竴姝ワ級锛屼笉瑕侀€?guideline锛屽厛鎯?procedure銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Guideline锛氬缓璁矾绾裤€?/p>

Policy锛氭€昏鐭┿€?/p>

Standard锛氱‖鎸囨爣銆?/p>

Procedure锛氬叿浣撴楠ゃ€?/p>

Baseline锛氭渶浣庨厤缃€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Security Boundary / Perimeter / 瀹夊叏杈圭晫

Security Boundary 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆竟鐣屸€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳竟鐣屾槸鍏徃瀹夊叏璐ｄ换鍜屼俊浠昏寖鍥寸殑鍒嗙晫绾匡紝璺ㄨ繃杩欐潯绾跨殑鏁版嵁銆佷汉鎴栫郴缁熻闂紝閮借鎺ュ彈妫€鏌ャ€佽璇佹垨闄愬埗銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Security Boundary = 瀹夊叏杈圭晫銆?/p>

Perimeter = 鍛ㄧ晫銆佸鍥磋竟鐣屻€?/p>

瀹冨彲浠ユ槸鐜板疄閲岀殑澧欍€侀棬銆佸洯鍖哄洿鏍忋€?/p>

涔熷彲浠ユ槸缃戠粶閲岀殑鍐呯綉鍜屼簰鑱旂綉鍒嗙晫銆佹暟鎹簱鍖哄拰鍔炲叕鍖哄垎鐣屻€佷簯鏈嶅姟鍜屽叕鍙哥郴缁熷垎鐣屻€?/p>

杈圭晫涓嶆槸涓€瀹氱瓑浜庝竴鍙伴槻鐏銆?/p>

闃茬伀澧欏彧鏄竟鐣屼笂甯歌鐨勪竴绉嶉棬鍗€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Boundary锛氳竟鐣屻€佸垎鐣岀嚎銆?/p>

Perimeter锛氬懆鐣岋紝閫氬父鏇村儚澶栧洿閭ｄ竴鍦堛€?/p>

Control begins锛氭帶鍒朵粠鍝噷寮€濮嬨€?/p>

Trust boundary锛氫俊浠昏竟鐣岋紝鎰忔€濇槸杩欒竟鍙俊搴︽洿楂橈紝閭ｈ竟瑕佸厛妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

Warning sign锛氳鍛婃爣璇嗭紝鍛婅瘔鍒汉杩欓噷涓嶆槸闅忎究杩涚殑鍦版柟銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕鍙搁櫌澧欏拰闂ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞櫌澧欎唬琛ㄨ竟鐣岋紝闂ㄤ唬琛ㄦ鏌ョ偣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫竴鍙伴槻鐏銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞槻鐏鏄竟鐣屼笂鐨勬帶鍒讹紝涓嶆槸鎵€鏈夎竟鐣屾湰韬€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬湴鍥句笂鐨勭孩绾裤€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傜孩绾胯兘鎻愰啋鈥滆矗浠诲埌鍝噷涓烘鈥濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叕鍙搁櫌澧欏拰闂ㄢ€濄€傚畠鑳藉悓鏃惰浣忕墿鐞嗚竟鐣屽拰閫昏緫杈圭晫锛氬鏄寖鍥达紝闂ㄦ槸妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Security Boundary / Perimeter = 鍏徃闄㈠鍜岄棬銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃綉搴楁妸浜掕仈缃戞尅鍦ㄩ櫌澧欏锛屾妸鍔炲叕缃戙€佹湇鍔″櫒鍖恒€佹暟鎹簱鍖虹敾鎴愪笉鍚岄櫌瀛愶紝姣忎釜闂ㄥ彛閮芥湁浜烘煡韬唤銆佹煡鏉冮檺銆佹煡鏃ュ織銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細security boundary 鏄粍缁囨帶鍒躲€佷俊浠诲拰璁块棶闄愬埗鐨勫垎鐣岀嚎銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄浠ュ墠鎶婃墍鏈夌郴缁熼兘鏀惧湪涓€璧枫€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐢佃剳銆佹敹娆炬湇鍔″櫒銆佹暟鎹簱銆佹祴璇曟満鍣紝鍍忎竴涓病鏈夐棬鐨勪粨搴撱€?/p>

澶栦汉鍙浠庝竴涓叆鍙ｈ繘鏉ワ紝灏卞彲鑳藉埌澶勮蛋銆?/p>

鍚庢潵浠栫敾浜嗚竟鐣岋細鍏徃澶ч棬澶栨槸浜掕仈缃戯紱鍔炲叕鍖哄彧鑳藉鐞嗘棩甯稿伐浣滐紱鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ尯蹇呴』绠＄悊鍛樿繘鍏ワ紱鏁版嵁搴撳尯鍙厑璁哥郴缁熻闂€?/p>

闂ㄥ彛杩樿创浜?warning sign锛氭湭鎺堟潈璁块棶浼氳杩借矗銆?/p>

杩欐椂瀹夊叏杈圭晫灏辨竻妤氫簡銆?/p>

涓嶆槸鈥滀拱浜嗛槻鐏灏辨湁杈圭晫鈥濄€?/p>

鑰屾槸鍏堢煡閬撳摢涓€鍦堝綊鍏徃淇濇姢锛屽摢涓€閬撻棬闇€瑕佹鏌ャ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?perimeter锛堝懆鐣岋級銆乥oundary锛堣竟鐣岋級銆乫ence锛堝洿鏍忥級銆亀all锛堝锛夈€乥uilding锛堝缓绛戯級銆乧ampus锛堝洯鍖猴級锛屽厛鎯冲畨鍏ㄨ竟鐣屻€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?warning signs锛堣鍛婃爣璇嗭級鍜?prosecution锛堣捣璇?杩借矗锛夛紝甯稿湪璁茬墿鐞嗗懆鐣屾帶鍒躲€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?LAN to Internet锛堝唴缃戝埌浜掕仈缃戯級鎴?trust boundary锛堜俊浠昏竟鐣岋級锛屽厛鎯抽€昏緫杈圭晫銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?high security area / low security area锛堥珮瀹夊叏鍖?/ 浣庡畨鍏ㄥ尯锛夋垨 control flow across boundary锛堟帶鍒惰法杈圭晫娴佸姩锛夛紝鍏堟兂杈圭晫涓よ竟鐨勫畨鍏ㄩ渶姹備笉鍚屻€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?first锛堥鍏堬級鎬庝箞淇濇姢涓€涓柊绯荤粺锛屼笉瑕佸彧鐩伐鍏凤紝鍏堟兂璧勪骇鍦ㄥ摢銆佽竟鐣屽湪鍝€佽皝鑳借法杈圭晫銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Boundary锛氬垎鐣岀嚎銆?/p>

Firewall锛氳竟鐣屼笂鐨勯棬鍗€?/p>

DMZ锛氭斁鍦ㄥ唴澶栦箣闂寸殑缂撳啿鍖恒€?/p>

Network segmentation锛氭妸缃戠粶鍒囨垚涓嶅悓鍖哄煙銆?/p>

Access control锛氬喅瀹氳皝鑳借繃闂ㄣ€?/p>

TCB / security kernel / reference monitor锛氭洿鍋忕郴缁熷唴閮ㄥ彲淇¤绠楀熀鍜岃闂鍐虫満鍒讹紝涓嶆槸鏅€氶閲岃鐨勫叕鍙歌竟鐣屻€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Legally Defensible = 娉曞緥鍙京鎶ゃ€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄竴鍙モ€滄垜瑙夊緱鎴戞病閿欌€濄€?/p>

瀹冮渶瑕佷緷鎹細鏈夊悎娉曚緷鎹€佹湁鏀跨瓥鎴栧悎鍚屻€佹湁鎺堟潈銆佹湁璁板綍銆佹湁涓€鑷存墽琛屻€?/p>

濡傛灉鍏徃鏌ユ棩蹇椼€佸皝璐﹀彿銆佸鐞嗗憳宸ャ€佷繚瀛樿瘉鎹紝鍗存嬁涓嶅嚭渚濇嵁锛屽氨瀹规槗琚鎴愰殢鎰忋€佽繃搴︽垨涓嶅叕骞炽€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Legally锛氭硶寰嬩笂銆?/p>

Defensible锛氳兘杈╂姢銆佽兘瑙ｉ噴銆佽兘璇佹槑鑷繁鏈変緷鎹€?/p>

Authorization锛氭巿鏉冿紝鍒汉鍏佽浣犲仛銆?/p>

Documentation锛氳褰曪紝鎶婅繃绋嬬暀涓嬫潵銆?/p>

Negligence锛氱枏蹇斤紝鎰忔€濇槸鏈鍋氬悎鐞嗕繚鎶ゅ嵈娌″仛銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭硶搴枃浠跺す銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜敾闈㈡竻妤氾細鎵€鏈変緷鎹拰璁板綍閮芥斁杩涙枃浠跺す銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭垜瑙夊緱娌′簨銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖姝ｅソ鏄弽闈紝娉曞涵涓嶇湅鎰熻銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬緥甯堟姢韬銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お鍍忓彧闈犲緥甯堬紝瀹规槗蹇樻帀璇佹嵁銆佹斂绛栧拰涓€鑷存墽琛屻€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄硶搴枃浠跺す鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧斤細娉曞緥鍙京鎶や笉鏄彛鍙凤紝鏄兘鎷垮嚭璇佹嵁閾俱€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Legally Defensible = 娉曞涵鏂囦欢澶广€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楄鏌ュ憳宸ユ槸鍚﹁繚瑙勫鍑哄鎴疯祫鏂欙紝浠栧厛鐪嬪叕鍙告斂绛栥€佺‘璁ゆ巿鏉冦€佸彧鏌ョ浉鍏虫棩蹇椼€佽褰曟瘡涓€姝ワ紝鏈€鍚庢妸璇佹嵁鏀捐繘娉曞涵鏂囦欢澶广€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹夊叏鍔ㄤ綔瑕佹湁鍚堟硶渚濇嵁銆佹斂绛栨垨鍚堝悓銆佹巿鏉冨拰璁板綍鏀拺锛屾墠鑳芥硶寰嬪彲杈╂姢銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍙戠幇瀹㈡埛璧勬枡鍙兘琚憳宸ョ鑷鍑恒€?/p>

濡傛灉浠栫洿鎺ョ炕鍛樺伐鎵€鏈夌浜烘枃浠躲€侀殢渚垮叕寮€澶勭綒锛屼簨鎯呭彲鑳藉彉鎴愬叕鍙歌嚜宸辫繚瑙勩€?/p>

姝ｇ‘鍋氭硶鏄厛鐪?policy 鏈夋病鏈夎鏄庡叕鍙稿彲浠ョ洃鎺у伐浣滅郴缁熴€?/p>

鍐嶇湅璋佹湁鏉冩壒鍑嗚皟鏌ャ€?/p>

璋冩煡鏃跺彧鐪嬪拰浜嬩欢鏈夊叧鐨勬棩蹇椼€?/p>

姣忎竴姝ラ兘璁板綍鏃堕棿銆佷汉鍛樸€佺悊鐢卞拰缁撴灉銆?/p>

杩欐牱浠ュ悗鍛樺伐璐ㄧ枒銆佺洃绠¤闂€佹硶搴拷闂紝鍏徃鎵嶄笉鏄┖鍙ｈ鐧借瘽銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?legally defensible锛堟硶寰嬪彲杈╂姢锛夛紝鍏堟兂鈥滄湁渚濇嵁銆佹湁鎺堟潈銆佹湁璁板綍銆佹墽琛屼竴鑷粹€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?fines锛堢綒娆撅級銆乸enalties锛堝缃氾級銆乶egligence锛堢枏蹇借矗浠伙級锛岃鎯冲埌娉曞緥椋庨櫓銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€庢牱璁╄皟鏌ャ€佺洃鎺ф垨澶勭綒绔欏緱浣忥紝甯哥湅 policy銆乤uthorization銆乨ocumentation銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?evidence锛堣瘉鎹級鍜?court锛堟硶搴級锛屼笉瑕佸彧鎯虫妧鏈伐鍏凤紝涔熻鎯崇▼搴忓拰璁板綍銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Legal compliance锛氱鍚堟硶寰嬫硶瑙勩€?/p>

Legally defensible锛氳杩介棶鏃惰兘鎷垮嚭渚濇嵁瑙ｉ噴銆?/p>

Due care锛氭寔缁仛鍚堢悊淇濇姢銆?/p>

Due diligence锛氳鍔ㄥ墠璁ょ湡璋冩煡銆?/p>

Chain of custody锛氳瘉鎹氦鎺ラ摼锛屼繚璇佽瘉鎹病琚贡鍔ㄣ€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Due Care / 搴斿敖娉ㄦ剰

Due Care 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滄敞鎰忊€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欴ue Care 鏄綘鏄庣煡閬撳簲璇ヤ繚鎶わ紝灏辩湡鐨勬寜鍚堢悊浜虹殑鏍囧噯鎸佺画鎶婅鍋氱殑淇濇姢鍋氳捣鏉ャ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Due Care = 搴斿敖娉ㄦ剰锛屼篃甯歌瘧鎴愬簲灏藉叧娉ㄣ€?/p>

瀹冨儚寮€杞︿笂璺€?/p>

浣犱笉鑳藉彧璇粹€滄垜鐮旂┒杩囦氦閫氳鍒欌€濓紝鐒跺悗涓嶇湅璺€佷笉韪╁埞杞︺€?/p>

浣犺鍦ㄥ疄闄呰椹朵腑淇濇寔鍚堢悊璋ㄦ厧銆?/p>

瀹夊叏閲屼篃鏄竴鏍凤細鐭ラ亾椋庨櫓浠ュ悗锛岃鎸佺画鍋氬悎鐞嗕繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Due锛氬簲璇ャ€佸簲褰撱€?/p>

Care锛氭敞鎰忋€佺収鐪嬨€佽皑鎱庢墽琛屻€?/p>

Reasonable person锛氬悎鐞嗕汉锛屾剰鎬濇槸鏅€氳皑鎱庣殑浜哄湪鍚屾牱鎯呭喌涓嬩細鎬庝箞鍋氥€?/p>

Negligence锛氱枏蹇斤紝鏈潵璇ュ仛鍗存病鍋氥€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳皑鎱庡紑杞︺€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚紑杞﹁兘璁颁綇鈥滄寔缁敞鎰忊€濓紝涓嶆槸鍙湅涓€鐪煎湴鍥俱€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬紑浼氱爺绌躲€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚紑浼氱爺绌舵洿鍍?due diligence锛堝敖鑱岃皟鏌ワ級銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭瘡澶╂鏌ュ浠界伅銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠寰堝叿浣擄紝鑳借浣忊€滆鍋氬氨鐪熺殑鍋氣€濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆皑鎱庡紑杞︹€濄€傝緟鍔╅挬瀛愮敤鈥滄瘡澶╂鏌ュ浠界伅鈥濓紝鎶婃娊璞＄殑 care 钀藉埌鏃ュ父鍔ㄤ綔銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Due Care = 璋ㄦ厧寮€杞︼紝鎸佺画鐪嬭矾銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋椾笉鍙槸鍐欎簡澶囦唤鍒跺害锛岃繕姣忓ぉ纭澶囦唤鎴愬姛銆佸憡璀︽湁浜哄鐞嗐€佹潈闄愬紓甯告湁浜鸿窡杩涳紝杩欏彨搴斿敖娉ㄦ剰銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細due care 鏄寔缁墽琛屽悎鐞嗕繚鎶わ紝閬垮厤鍥犱负娌℃湁灏藉埌鍚堢悊娉ㄦ剰鑰屽彉鎴愮枏蹇姐€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍚鏁版嵁搴撳彲鑳藉潖銆?/p>

浠栧厛璋冩煡澶囦唤鏂规锛岃繖涓€姝ュ儚 due diligence銆?/p>

璋冩煡瀹屼互鍚庯紝浠栧喅瀹氭瘡澶╁浠姐€?/p>

浣嗗鏋滃浠戒换鍔″ぉ澶╁け璐ワ紝娌′汉鐪嬫棩蹇楋紝鎭㈠涔熶粠娌℃祴璇曪紝閭ｅ氨涓嶆槸 due care銆?/p>

鐪熸鐨?due care 鏄細澶囦唤瑕佽窇锛屽け璐ヨ鍛婅锛屽憡璀﹁鏈変汉澶勭悊锛屾仮澶嶈娴嬭繃銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄紓浜枃浠躲€?/p>

瀹冩槸瀹為檯鎶婅鐓х湅鐨勫湴鏂圭収鐪嬩綇銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?due care锛堝簲灏芥敞鎰忥級锛屽厛鎯斥€滄寔缁悎鐞嗚皑鎱庡湴鍋氫繚鎶も€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?reasonable person standard锛堝悎鐞嗕汉鏍囧噯锛夛紝鍏堟兂 due care銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?reasonable measures锛堝悎鐞嗘帾鏂斤級銆乧ontinual effort锛堟寔缁姫鍔涳級銆乨o the right action at the right time锛堝湪姝ｇ‘鏃堕棿鍋氭纭姩浣滐級锛屼篃鍋?due care銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?negligence锛堢枏蹇斤級锛屽父甯告槸鍦ㄩ棶鏈夋病鏈夊敖鍒?due care銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?before making a decision锛堝仛鍐冲畾鍓嶏級鍋氱爺绌讹紝鏇村儚 due diligence銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?after knowing the risk锛堢煡閬撻闄╁悗锛夋€庢牱鎸佺画淇濇姢锛屾洿鍍?due care銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Due diligence锛氬厛璋冩煡銆佸厛鐮旂┒銆佸厛鎼炴竻妤氥€?/p>

Due care锛氱煡閬撳悗鎸佺画璁ょ湡鍋氥€?/p>

Policy锛氬啓涓嬪叕鍙歌姹傘€?/p>

Procedure锛氬啓鍏蜂綋姝ラ銆?/p>

Audit锛氫簨鍚庢鏌ユ湁娌℃湁鍋氥€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細DAD / 娉勯湶銆佺鏀广€佹瘉鍧?/h2>

DAD 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屼笁涓嫳鏂囧崟璇嶃€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欴AD 鏄?CIA 鍙椾激鍚庣殑鍙嶉潰娓呭崟锛屽憡璇変綘瀹夊叏鍧忎簨閫氬父鍧忓湪鈥滆鐪嬭銆佽鏀瑰潖銆佺敤涓嶄簡鈥濄€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DAD = Disclosure / Alteration / Destruction銆?/p>

Disclosure = 娉勯湶锛屼笉璇ョ湅鐨勪汉鐪嬭浜嗐€?/p>

Alteration = 绡℃敼锛屽唴瀹硅鏀瑰潖浜嗐€?/p>

Destruction = 姣佸潖锛屼笢瑗胯姣佹帀鎴栫敤涓嶄簡浜嗐€?/p>

瀹冨拰 CIA 姝ｅソ瀵圭潃鐪嬨€?/p>

Confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級鎬?Disclosure锛堟硠闇诧級銆?/p>

Integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級鎬?Alteration锛堢鏀癸級銆?/p>

Availability锛堝彲鐢ㄦ€э級鎬?Destruction锛堟瘉鍧忥級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Disclosure锛氭硠闇层€佹姭闇层€?/p>

Alteration锛氭敼鍙樸€佺鏀广€?/p>

Destruction锛氱牬鍧忋€佹瘉鍧忋€?/p>

CIA锛氭満瀵嗘€с€佸畬鏁存€с€佸彲鐢ㄦ€с€?/p>

DAD锛氫笁绉嶅潖浜嬶紝涓嶆槸涓変釜瀹夊叏鐩爣銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭紡銆佹敼銆佹瘉涓夊潖浜嬨€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛渶鐭紝涔熸渶璐撮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬潖鐖哥埜銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝櫧鐒?DAD 鍍?dad锛屼絾瀹规槗鎶婃敞鎰忓姏甯﹀亸锛岃涓嶄綇涓変欢鍧忎簨銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭硠瀵嗐€佺鏀广€佸仠鏈恒€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鏇村儚涓枃棰樺共淇″彿銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄紡銆佹敼銆佹瘉涓夊潖浜嬧€濄€傚皬鐧藉厛鎶撳潖浜嬶紝鍐嶅洖鍒?CIA 瀵瑰簲鐨勫畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囥€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DAD = 婕忋€佹敼銆佹瘉涓夊潖浜嬨€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴峰悕鍗曟紡鍑哄幓锛岃鍗曢噾棰濊鏀规帀锛屾湇鍔″櫒鏁版嵁琚瘉鎺夛紝杩欎笁浠跺潖浜嬪氨鏄?DAD銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DAD 鏄?CIA 澶辫触鍚庣殑鍙嶉潰缁撴灉銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鏃╀笂鎵撳紑鍚庡彴锛屽彂鐜颁笁寮犳姤璀﹀崟銆?/p>

绗竴寮狅細瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟琚浜轰笅杞戒簡銆?/p>

杩欐槸 Disclosure锛岀瀵嗘紡浜嗭紝鏈哄瘑鎬у彈浼ゃ€?/p>

绗簩寮狅細璁㈠崟閲戦浠?1000 鍏冨彉鎴?10 鍏冦€?/p>

杩欐槸 Alteration锛屽唴瀹硅鏀瑰潖锛屽畬鏁存€у彈浼ゃ€?/p>

绗笁寮狅細鏁版嵁搴撴枃浠惰鍒狅紝绯荤粺鎵撲笉寮€銆?/p>

杩欐槸 Destruction锛屼笟鍔＄敤涓嶄簡锛屽彲鐢ㄦ€у彈浼ゃ€?/p>

鎵€浠?DAD 涓嶇敤绁炵鍖栥€?/p>

瀹冨氨鏄笁绫诲潖浜嬬殑鍙嶉潰闀滃瓙銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?disclosure锛堟硠闇?鎶湶锛夛紝鍏堟兂 confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級琚激銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?alteration锛堟洿鏀?绡℃敼锛夛紝鍏堟兂 integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級琚激銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?destruction锛堟瘉鍧?鐮村潖/鍒犳帀锛夛紝鍏堟兂 availability锛堝彲鐢ㄦ€э級琚激銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?DAD 鍜?CIA 鐨勫叧绯伙紝绛?DAD 鏄?CIA 琚牬鍧忓悗鐨勫弽闈㈢粨鏋溿€?/p>

棰樼洰鍚屾椂鍑虹幇 STRIDE 鏃跺埆涓插彴锛歋TRIDE 閲岀殑 D 甯告槸 Denial of Service锛堟嫆缁濇湇鍔★級锛孖 鏄?Information Disclosure锛堜俊鎭硠闇诧級锛汥AD 鏄彟涓€濂椻€淐IA 澶辫触缁撴灉鈥濄€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

CIA锛氬畨鍏ㄦ兂淇濇姢鐨勭洰鏍囥€?/p>

DAD锛氱洰鏍囧け璐ュ悗鐨勫潖缁撴灉銆?/p>

Disclosure 涓嶆槸瀹¤鍏紑鎶ュ憡閭ｇ姝ｅ父鎶湶锛岃繖閲岄€氬父鎸囦笉璇ョ湅鐨勪俊鎭鐪嬭銆?/p>

Destruction 閲嶇偣鏄鑷磋祫婧愪笉鍙敤锛屼笉瑕佸彧鐞嗚В鎴愨€滄満鍣ㄥ瑙傝鐮稿潖鈥濓紱鏈変簺棰樺共涔熶細鐢?denial锛堟嫆缁濇湇鍔?涓嶅彲鐢級鏉ヨ〃杈惧彲鐢ㄦ€у彈浼ゃ€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細AAA / 璁よ瘉銆佹巿鏉冦€佽璐?/h2>

AAA 杩欏紶鍗¤鍏堣儗鍑嗏€滀笁涓?A鈥濓紝鍐嶇湅瀹冨墠鍚庡父鎼厤鐨勮繃绋嬨€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欰AA 鏄韩浠界郴缁熺殑杩涢棬娴佺▼锛屽厛璇佹槑浣犳槸璋侊紝鍐嶅喅瀹氫綘鑳藉仛浠€涔堬紝鏈€鍚庢妸浣犲仛杩囦粈涔堢暀涓嬭处銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

AAA 甯歌鍏ㄧО鏄?Authentication / Authorization / Accounting銆?/p>

Authentication = 璁よ瘉锛岃瘉鏄庝綘鐪熸槸浣犮€?/p>

Authorization = 鎺堟潈锛屽喅瀹氫綘鑳藉仛浠€涔堛€?/p>

Accounting = 璁拌处锛岃褰曚綘鐢ㄤ簡浠€涔堣祫婧愩€佸仛浜嗕粈涔堝姩浣溿€?/p>

鍦?CISSP 鐨勮韩浠界鐞嗚澧冮噷锛岃繕缁忓父鎶?Identification锛堣瘑鍒級鍜?Auditing锛堝璁★級涓€璧疯銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ皬鐧戒笉瑕佹妸璇嗗埆鍜屽璁′篃濉炶繘 AAA 鏈綋锛欰AA 涓ユ牸鏄腑闂翠笁浠舵牳蹇冧簨锛宨dentification锛堣瘑鍒級鍦ㄨ璇佸墠锛宎uditing锛堝璁★級甯稿拰璁拌处銆侀棶璐ｄ竴璧峰嚭鐜般€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Identify锛氭姤鍚嶅瓧锛岃鈥滄垜鏄皬鏋椻€濄€?/p>

Authenticate锛氶獙鐪熷亣锛岃緭瀵嗙爜銆佸埛浠ょ墝銆佽繃 MFA銆?/p>

Authorize锛氱粰鏉冮檺锛岃兘鐪嬭鍗曡繕鏄兘閫€娆俱€?/p>

Audit锛氬璁℃鏌ワ紝浜嬪悗鑳借拷銆?/p>

Account锛氳璐﹁褰曪紝鐣欎笅璋佸仛浜嗕粈涔堛€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫笁姝ユ牳蹇冿紝鍓嶅悗鍒贩銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸璇嗗埆銆佽璇併€佹巿鏉冦€佸璁°€佽璐︿覆璧锋潵銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱櫥褰曟垚鍔熴€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜櫥褰曟垚鍔熷彧鍒拌璇侊紝涓嶇瓑浜庢巿鏉冩墍鏈夊姩浣溿€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶棬绂佽处鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傞棬绂佽礋璐ｈ繃闂紝璐︽湰璐熻矗鐣欎笅璁板綍銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€淎AA 涓夋鏍稿績鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥彁閱掑皬鐧戒笉瑕佹妸璁よ瘉鍜屾巿鏉冩弶鎴愪竴鍥紝涔熶笉瑕佹妸璇嗗埆銆佸璁¤璁や负 AAA 鏈綋銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

AAA = 璁よ瘉銆佹巿鏉冦€佽璐︿笁姝ワ紱璇嗗埆鍦ㄥ墠锛屽璁″湪鍚庛€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬憳宸ュ厛鎶ュ伐鍙凤紝闂ㄥ彛楠屾寚绾癸紝绯荤粺鐪嬩粬鑳戒笉鑳借繘閫€娆鹃〉闈紝鎽勫儚澶村拰鏃ュ織瀹¤鍔ㄤ綔锛屾渶鍚庤处鏈涓嬩粬鍑犵偣鍋氫簡浠€涔堛€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細AAA 绠¤韩浠借闂繃绋嬶紝鏍稿績鍙寘鎷璇併€佹巿鏉冦€佽璐︼紱鑰冭瘯閲岃繕瑕佽兘鍒嗘竻 identification锛堣瘑鍒級鍜?auditing锛堝璁★級鍙槸鐩稿叧杩囩▼銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏂板鏈嶈澶勭悊璁㈠崟銆?/p>

绗竴姝ワ紝浠栬緭鍏ヨ处鍙枫€?/p>

杩欏彧鏄?Identification锛氫粬璇磋嚜宸辨槸璋併€?/p>

绗簩姝ワ紝浠栬緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佸拰 MFA銆?/p>

杩欐墠鏄?Authentication锛氱郴缁熺‘璁や粬鐪熸槸杩欎釜璐﹀彿鐨勪汉銆?/p>

绗笁姝ワ紝浠栨兂鐐归€€娆炬寜閽€?/p>

绯荤粺鍙戠幇浠栧彧鏄櫘閫氬鏈嶏紝涓嶈兘閫€娆俱€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Authorization锛氱櫥褰曟垚鍔熶笉浠ｈ〃浠€涔堥兘鑳藉仛銆?/p>

绗洓姝ュ拰绗簲姝ワ紝绯荤粺鎶婁粬鐨勬煡璇€佸け璐ラ€€娆惧皾璇曘€佺櫥褰曟椂闂撮兘璁拌繘鏃ュ織銆?/p>

杩欒浠ュ悗鑳藉璁★紝涔熻兘杩借矗銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?user claims an identity锛堢敤鎴峰０绉拌韩浠斤級锛屽厛鎯?identification銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?password銆乼oken銆乥iometric銆丮FA锛堝瘑鐮併€佷护鐗屻€佺敓鐗╃壒寰併€佸鍥犵礌锛夛紝鍏堟兂 authentication銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?what actions are allowed锛堝厑璁稿仛浠€涔堬級锛屽厛鎯?authorization銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?log, trail, review锛堟棩蹇椼€佽建杩广€佸鏍革級锛屽厛鎯?auditing銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?accounting锛堣璐︼級鎴?resource usage锛堣祫婧愪娇鐢ㄨ褰曪級锛屽厛鎯崇暀涓嬭处銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍑虹幇 RADIUS 鎴?TACACS+ 鏃讹紝甯稿父鍦ㄩ棶闆嗕腑寮?AAA 鏈嶅姟锛氳皝璁よ瘉銆佽皝鎺堟潈銆佽皝璁拌处銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Identification锛氭垜璇存垜鏄皝銆?/p>

Authentication锛氳瘉鏄庢垜鐪熸槸鎴戙€?/p>

Authorization锛氭垜鑳藉仛浠€涔堛€?/p>

Auditing锛氭鏌ヨ涓鸿瘉鎹€?/p>

Accounting锛氳涓嬭祫婧愪娇鐢ㄥ拰鎿嶄綔璐︺€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細SLE / ALE / ARO / 椋庨櫓鎹熷け璁＄畻

SLE銆丄LE銆丄RO 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屽叕寮忋€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳繖缁勪笁涓瘝鏄湪甯叕鍙哥畻涓€绗旈闄╄处锛氫竴娆′簨鏁呮崯澶氬皯锛屼竴骞村ぇ姒傛潵鍑犳锛屼竴骞存€诲叡鍙兘浜忓灏戙€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

SLE = Single Loss Expectancy锛屽崟娆℃崯澶辨湡鏈涖€?/p>

ARO = Annualized Rate of Occurrence锛屽勾鍙戠敓鐜囥€?/p>

ALE = Annualized Loss Expectancy锛屽勾搴︽崯澶辨湡鏈涖€?/p>

鍏堢畻涓€娆′簨鏁呬簭澶氬皯锛屽啀浼颁竴骞村彂鐢熷嚑娆★紝鏈€鍚庝箻璧锋潵寰楀埌涓€骞撮闄╂崯澶便€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Single锛氬崟娆°€?/p>

Annualized锛氭寜骞村害绠椼€?/p>

Rate锛氬彂鐢熼鐜囥€?/p>

Expectancy锛氭湡鏈涘€硷紝涓嶆槸淇濊瘉涓€瀹氬彂鐢熴€?/p>

Cost-effective锛氭垚鏈湁鏁堬紝甯哥敤 ALE 鏉ュ垽鏂畨鍏ㄦ帶鍒跺€间笉鍊笺€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竴娆℃崯銆佸勾娆℃暟銆佸勾鎬昏处銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐩存帴瀵瑰簲 SLE銆丄RO銆丄LE銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫笁涓绉樺叕寮忋€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚皬鐧戒細鑳屽叕寮忎絾涓嶇煡閬撻鐩湪闂粈涔堛€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬皬鏋楅闄╄处鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€傝处鏈兘鎶婇噾棰濆拰娆℃暟涓茶捣鏉ャ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竴娆℃崯銆佸勾娆℃暟銆佸勾鎬昏处鈥濄€傝繖姣旂‖鑳岀缉鍐欐洿瀹规槗鍥炲埌棰樼洰璁＄畻銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

SLE / ARO / ALE = 涓€娆℃崯銆佸勾娆℃暟銆佸勾鎬昏处銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫竴鍙版湇鍔″櫒鍊?10 涓囷紝涓€娆＄伀鐏惧彲鑳芥崯澶?40%锛屽崟娆℃崯澶卞氨鏄?4 涓囷紱濡傛灉涓€骞村ぇ姒?0.5 娆★紝骞村害鎹熷け灏辨槸 2 涓囥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細SLE = AV x EF锛孉LE = SLE x ARO銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佷笉瑕佽姳閽变拱鏂扮殑澶囦唤鏂规銆?/p>

浠栦笉鑳藉彧璇粹€滄垜瀹虫€曠伀鐏锯€濄€?/p>

浠栬绠楄处銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰鏁版嵁鍊?100000 鍏冦€?/p>

涓€娆＄伀鐏惧ぇ姒傛瘉鎺?40%銆?/p>

鎵€浠?SLE 鏄?40000 鍏冦€?/p>

杩欑浜嬫晠涓嶆槸姣忓勾蹇呮潵锛屼及璁′袱骞翠竴娆★紝ARO 灏辨槸 0.5銆?/p>

骞村害鎹熷け ALE = 40000 x 0.5 = 20000 鍏冦€?/p>

濡傛灉鎺у埗姣忓勾鑺?5000 鍏冿紝杩樿兘鏄庢樉闄嶄綆鎹熷け锛屽彲鑳藉€煎緱銆?/p>

濡傛灉鎺у埗姣忓勾鑺?80000 鍏冿紝鍗村彧鎶?ALE锛堝勾搴﹂鏈熸崯澶憋級闄嶄綆 20000 鍏冿紝灏辫閲嶆柊鑰冭檻 cost-effective锛堟垚鏈湁鏁堬級銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?single loss expectancy锛堝崟娆℃崯澶辨湡鏈涳級锛屾壘涓€娆′簨鏁呮崯澶氬皯銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?annualized rate of occurrence锛堝勾鍙戠敓鐜囷級锛屾壘涓€骞村彂鐢熷嚑娆°€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?annualized loss expectancy锛堝勾搴︽崯澶辨湡鏈涳級锛岀敤 SLE x ARO銆?/p>

棰樼洰缁?asset value锛堣祫浜т环鍊硷級鍜?exposure factor锛堟崯澶辨瘮渚嬶級锛屽厛绠?SLE銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?100-year flood锛堢櫨骞翠竴閬囨椽姘达級锛屼笉瑕佺悊瑙ｆ垚姣?100 骞村繀鏉ヤ竴娆★紱鑰冭瘯閲屽父鎶婂畠褰?ARO = 0.01锛屼篃灏辨槸涓€骞?1% 鐨勫彂鐢熺巼銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂帶鍒舵槸鍚?cost-effective锛堟垚鏈湁鏁堬級锛屾瘮杈冩帶鍒舵垚鏈拰闄嶄綆鐨?ALE銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂畾閲忛闄╁垎鏋愶紝鐪嬪埌閲戦鍜岄鐜囨墠鐢?SLE / ARO / ALE锛涢鐩棶涓氬姟鏈€澶氬仠澶氫箙锛屾洿鍍?MTD / RTO / RPO銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

AV锛氳祫浜ф€讳环鍊笺€?/p>

EF锛氫竴娆′簨鏁呮崯澶辨瘮渚嬨€?/p>

SLE锛氫竴娆′簨鏁呮崯澶遍噾棰濄€?/p>

ARO锛氫竴骞村彂鐢熼鐜囥€?/p>

ALE锛氫竴骞撮鏈熸崯澶遍噾棰濄€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細PKI / 鍏挜鍩虹璁炬柦

PKI 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃叕閽ュ熀纭€璁炬柦鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歅KI 鏄綉涓婄殑璇佷欢鍜屽叕璇佷綋绯伙紝鐢ㄨ瘉涔︽妸鈥滆繖涓叕閽ュ睘浜庤皝鈥濊娓呮銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

PKI = Public Key Infrastructure锛屽叕閽ュ熀纭€璁炬柦銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄崟涓姞瀵嗙畻娉曘€?/p>

瀹冩槸涓€鏁村淇′换浣撶郴銆?/p>

缃戠珯璇粹€滆繖鏄垜鐨勫叕閽モ€濓紝娴忚鍣ㄤ笉鑳界洿鎺ョ浉淇°€?/p>

PKI 鐢?certificate锛堣瘉涔︼級銆丆A锛堣瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勶級銆丷A锛堟敞鍐屾満鏋勶級銆丆RL/OCSP锛堝悐閿€妫€鏌ワ級杩欎簺涓滆タ锛屽府浣犲垽鏂繖涓叕閽ュ埌搴曢潬涓嶉潬璋便€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Public key锛氬叕閽ワ紝鍙互鍏紑缁欏埆浜虹敤銆?/p>

Private key锛氱閽ワ紝鍙兘鑷繁淇濈銆?/p>

Certificate锛氳瘉涔︼紝閲岄潰鏈夎韩浠姐€佸叕閽ュ拰绛惧悕绛変俊鎭€?/p>

Trust chain锛氫俊浠婚摼锛屼粠缃戠珯璇佷功涓€璺俊鍒板彈淇′换鐨?CA銆?/p>

Revocation锛氬悐閿€锛岃瘉涔︿笉鍐嶅彲淇°€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱綉涓婂叕璇佸銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃府鍒汉璇佹槑韬唤鍜屽叕閽ュ叧绯烩€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬姞瀵嗙畻娉曠洅瀛愩€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侾KI 涓嶆槸绠楁硶鍚嶃€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳瘉涔﹁韩浠借瘉浣撶郴銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳芥妸璇佷功銆佽韩浠姐€佸叕閽ョ粦鍦ㄤ竴璧枫€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅綉涓婂叕璇佸鈥濄€傚皬鐧界湅鍒?PKI锛屼笉瑕佸彧鎯冲姞瀵嗭紝瑕佹兂淇′换浣撶郴銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

PKI = 缃戜笂鍏瘉澶勩€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭祻瑙堝櫒涓嶇洿鎺ョ浉淇＄綉绔欓€掕繃鏉ョ殑鍏挜锛岃€屾槸鍘荤湅璇佷功銆佺鍙戣€呫€佷俊浠婚摼鍜屽悐閿€鐘舵€侊紝纭杩欎釜鍏挜鐪熺殑灞炰簬杩欎釜缃戠珯銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細PKI 鐢ㄨ瘉涔︿綋绯绘妸韬唤鍜屽叕閽ョ粦瀹氳捣鏉ワ紝寤虹珛鍙俊閫氫俊銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵涓婄嚎 HTTPS銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛娴忚鍣ㄨ闂綉绔欐椂锛岀綉绔欎細鎷垮嚭涓€寮犺瘉涔︺€?/p>

璇佷功閲屽啓鐫€锛氳繖涓煙鍚嶆槸璋侊紝杩欎釜缃戠珯鐨勫叕閽ユ槸浠€涔堬紝璋佺粰瀹冪浜嗗悕銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ啀鐪嬶細绛惧悕鐨?CA 鎴戜俊涓嶄俊锛熻瘉涔﹁繃鏈熸病鏈夛紵鏈夋病鏈夎鍚婇攢锛?/p>

濡傛灉杩欎簺閮借繃鍏筹紝娴忚鍣ㄦ墠鏀惧績鐢ㄨ繖涓叕閽ョ户缁缓绔嬪畨鍏ㄨ繛鎺ャ€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?PKI 鐨勪环鍊笺€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄浣犲嚟鎰熻鐩镐俊缃戠珯銆?/p>

瀹冩槸鐢ㄤ竴濂楄瘉涔︺€佺鍚嶅拰妫€鏌ユ満鍒舵妸淇′换鎼捣鏉ャ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?PKI锛堝叕閽ュ熀纭€璁炬柦锛夛紝鍏堟兂鈥滆瘉涔︿俊浠讳綋绯烩€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?bind public key to identity锛堟妸鍏挜鍜岃韩浠界粦瀹氾級锛屽厛鎯?certificate 鍜?PKI銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?trust chain锛堜俊浠婚摼锛夛紝鍏堟兂 PKI銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?revocation锛堝悐閿€锛夈€丆RL銆丱CSP锛屽厛鎯宠瘉涔︽槸鍚﹁繕鏈夋晥銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?IKE锛堜簰鑱旂綉瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲锛夛紝鏇村亸 IPsec 鍗忓晢锛屼笉鏄?PKI 鐨勭粍鎴愰儴鍒嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TPM锛堝彲淇″钩鍙版ā鍧楋級锛屾洿鍍忕‖浠堕噷淇濇姢瀵嗛挜锛屼笉绛変簬 PKI銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?pre-shared key / PSK锛堥鍏变韩瀵嗛挜锛夛紝鏄弻鏂规彁鍓嶅叡浜瀵嗭紝涓嶇瓑浜庤瘉涔︿俊浠婚摼銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?encryption algorithm锛堝姞瀵嗙畻娉曪級锛屼笉瑕佺洿鎺ラ€?PKI锛汸KI 鏄綋绯伙紝涓嶆槸 AES 杩欑绠楁硶銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

PKI锛氫俊浠讳綋绯汇€?/p>

Certificate锛氳瘉涔︼紝缁戝畾韬唤鍜屽叕閽ャ€?/p>

CA锛氱鍙戣瘉涔︺€?/p>

RA锛氭牳楠岃韩浠姐€?/p>

TLS / HTTPS锛氫娇鐢ㄨ瘉涔﹀缓绔嬪畨鍏ㄨ繛鎺ョ殑鍗忚鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細CA / RA / Certificate / 璇佷功閾句笁浠跺

CA銆丷A銆丆ertificate 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉垎寮€姝昏儗銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歊A 璐熻矗楠屼汉锛孋A 璐熻矗鐩栫珷绛惧彂锛孋ertificate 鏄渶鍚庢嬁鍒版墜鐨勭綉涓婅瘉浠躲€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

CA = Certificate Authority锛岃瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勩€?/p>

RA = Registration Authority锛屾敞鍐屾満鏋勩€?/p>

Certificate = 璇佷功銆?/p>

鎶婂畠浠斁鍦ㄥ姙璇佸ぇ鍘呴噷鐪嬫渶娓呮銆?/p>

RA 鍍忕獥鍙ｅ伐浣滀汉鍛橈紝鍏堟牳楠屼綘鏄笉鏄湡鐨勬湁璧勬牸鍔炶瘉銆?/p>

CA 鍍忕洊绔犳満鍏筹紝纭鏃犺鍚庣鍙戣瘉涔︺€?/p>

Certificate 鍍忚瘉浠舵湰韬紝涓婇潰鍐欑潃韬唤鍜屽叕閽ャ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Certificate Authority锛氳瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勶紝閲嶇偣鏄?authority锛堟潈濞佹満鏋勶級銆?/p>

Registration Authority锛氭敞鍐屾満鏋勶紝閲嶇偣鏄?registration锛堟敞鍐屽拰韬唤鏍搁獙锛夈€?/p>

Certificate锛氳瘉涔︼紝涓嶆槸绉侀挜銆?/p>

Issue锛氱鍙戙€?/p>

Sign锛氱鍚嶏紝鐢?CA 鐨勭鍚嶈瘉鏄庤瘉涔﹀彲淇°€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶獙浜恒€佺洊绔犮€佽瘉浠躲€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備笁涓姩浣滄濂藉搴?RA銆丆A銆丆ertificate銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欳A 鍏ㄩ兘璐熻矗銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏍蜂細婕忔帀 RA 鐨勮韩浠芥牳楠岃鑹层€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳瘉涔﹀氨鏄挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝瘉涔﹂噷鏈夊叕閽ュ拰韬唤淇℃伅锛屼絾璇佷功涓嶆槸绉侀挜銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈獙浜恒€佺洊绔犮€佽瘉浠垛€濄€傚畠鑳介槻姝㈠皬鐧芥妸 RA銆丆A 鍜?Certificate 娣锋垚涓€鍥€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

CA / RA / Certificate = 楠屼汉銆佺洊绔犮€佽瘉浠躲€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃粰缃戠珯鍔炶瘉涔︼紝RA 鍏堟鏌ヨ繖涓煙鍚嶇‘瀹炲綊灏忔灄缃戝簵锛孋A 鍐嶇洊绔犵鍙戣瘉涔︼紝娴忚鍣ㄧ湅鍒拌瘉涔﹀悗鐭ラ亾杩欎釜鍏挜灞炰簬杩欎釜缃戠珯銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細RA 鏍搁獙韬唤锛孋A 绛惧彂璇佷功锛岃瘉涔︾粦瀹氳韩浠藉拰鍏挜銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎯崇粰缃戝簵鍔炰竴寮?HTTPS 璇佷功銆?/p>

浠栦笉鑳介殢渚垮啓鈥滄垜鏄煇澶ч摱琛屸€濆氨鎷垮埌璇佷功銆?/p>

绗竴姝ワ紝RA 瑕佹牳楠岀敵璇疯€呰韩浠斤紝纭鍩熷悕銆佺粍缁囨垨鐢宠淇℃伅鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

绗簩姝ワ紝CA 鏍规嵁鏍搁獙缁撴灉绛惧彂璇佷功锛屽苟鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑 private key锛堢閽ワ級缁欒瘉涔︾鍚嶃€?/p>

绗笁姝ワ紝缃戠珯鎶婅瘉涔︿氦缁欐祻瑙堝櫒銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄧ湅瑙佽瘉涔︼紝浼氱敤 CA public key锛圕A 鍏挜锛夐獙璇佽繖涓鍚嶃€?/p>

楠岃瘉閫氳繃鍚庯紝娴忚鍣ㄦ墠鐭ラ亾锛氳繖涓叕閽ヤ笉鏄矾杈规崱鏉ョ殑锛屽畠鍜岃繖涓綉绔欒韩浠芥湁缁戝畾鍏崇郴銆?/p>

濡傛灉浠ュ悗绉侀挜娉勯湶銆佽瘉涔﹁璇銆佽瘉涔﹁繃鏈熴€佷富浣撲俊鎭け鏁堬紝鎴栬繖寮犺瘉涔︿笉璇ョ户缁淇′换锛岃繕瑕侀€氳繃 CRL 鎴?OCSP 妫€鏌ュ悐閿€鐘舵€併€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?who issues certificates锛堣皝绛惧彂璇佷功锛夛紝鍏堥€?CA銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?who verifies identity before issuing锛堢鍙戝墠璋佹牳楠岃韩浠斤級锛屽厛閫?RA銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?what binds public key to identity锛堜粈涔堟妸鍏挜鍜岃韩浠界粦瀹氾級锛屽厛閫?certificate銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?CA 鐢ㄤ粈涔堢鍚嶈瘉涔︼紝绛旀鏄?CA private key锛圕A 绉侀挜锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰闂祻瑙堝櫒鐢ㄤ粈涔堥獙璇佽瘉涔︾鍚嶏紝绛旀鏄?CA public key锛圕A 鍏挜锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?revoked certificate锛堝悐閿€璇佷功锛夋€庝箞鏌ワ紝鍏堢湅 CRL 鎴?OCSP銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?CRL 鍜?OCSP 鍖哄埆锛欳RL 鍍忎笅杞戒竴寮犲悐閿€鍚嶅崟锛孫CSP 鍍忓疄鏃堕棶鈥滆繖寮犺瘉涔︾幇鍦ㄨ繕鏈夋晥鍚椻€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?private key锛堢閽ワ級瑕佷繚鎶わ紝涓嶈閫?certificate锛涜瘉涔︿笉鏄閽ユ湰韬€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?CA 淇濆瓨鐢ㄦ埛绉侀挜锛岄€氬父鏄敊鐨勶紱鐢ㄦ埛绉侀挜搴旂敱鐢ㄦ埛鑷繁淇濇姢銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

RA锛氶獙浜猴紝涓嶈礋璐ｆ渶缁堢鍚嶇鍙戙€?/p>

CA锛氱洊绔犵鍙戯紝鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鏉冨▉绛惧悕璇佹槑璇佷功鍙俊銆?/p>

Certificate锛氳瘉浠讹紝缁戝畾韬唤鍜屽叕閽ャ€?/p>

Private key锛氱閽ワ紝涓嶈兘鍏紑锛屼笉鑳戒氦缁欏埆浜恒€?/p>

CRL / OCSP锛氭煡璇佷功鏈夋病鏈夎鍚婇攢銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細SAML / 瀹夊叏鏂█鏍囪璇█

SAML 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€淪SO 鍗忚鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歋AML 鍍忎竴寮犺法鍏徃閫氳鍗曪紝浣犲厛鍦ㄨ嚜宸卞叕鍙搁獙韬唤锛岃嚜宸卞叕鍙哥洊绔犺鈥滆繖涓汉鏄湡鐨勨€濓紝鍚堜綔绯荤粺鐪嬭杩欏紶鏂█鍐嶆斁浣犺繘鍘汇€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

SAML = Security Assertion Markup Language锛屽畨鍏ㄦ柇瑷€鏍囪璇█銆?/p>

Assertion = 鏂█銆?/p>

鏂█涓嶆槸鏅€氳亰澶╅噷鐨勨€滄垜瑙夊緱鈥濄€?/p>

鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝瀹冩槸涓€浠界敱 IdP锛圛dentity Provider锛岃韩浠芥彁渚涙柟锛夌鍑烘潵鐨勮韩浠藉０鏄庛€?/p>

SP锛圫ervice Provider锛屾湇鍔℃彁渚涙柟锛夋敹鍒颁互鍚庯紝涓嶅繀鑷繁閲嶆柊楠岃瘉浣犵殑瀵嗙爜锛岃€屾槸鐩镐俊 IdP 鐨勫０鏄庛€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Federation锛氳仈閭﹁韩浠斤紝鎰忔€濇槸璺ㄧ粍缁囦俊浠昏韩浠姐€?/p>

Assertion锛氭柇瑷€锛屽甫绛惧悕鐨勮韩浠藉０鏄庛€?/p>

IdP锛氳韩浠芥彁渚涙柟锛岃礋璐ｅ厛楠屼汉銆?/p>

SP锛氭湇鍔℃彁渚涙柟锛岃礋璐ｆ彁渚涚郴缁熴€?/p>

Browser-based SSO锛氭祻瑙堝櫒閲岃烦杞畬鎴愬崟鐐圭櫥褰曘€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱洊绔犻€氳鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃厛楠岃韩浠斤紝鍐嶆妸澹版槑閫掔粰鍙︿竴涓郴缁熲€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫竾鑳介挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆係AML 涓嶆槸鎶婃墍鏈夐棬閮藉紑鎺夛紝涔熶笉鏄洿鎺ョ粰浣犺祫婧愭潈闄愩€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳法鍏徃闂ㄧエ銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳借浣?federation锛堣仈閭﹁韩浠斤級杩欎釜璺ㄧ粍缁囧満鏅€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅洊绔犻€氳鍗曗€濄€傚皬鐧界湅鍒?SAML锛岃鍏堟兂 IdP 缁?SP 閫掕韩浠芥柇瑷€銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

SAML = 鐩栫珷閫氳鍗曘€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀憳宸ヨ杩涘悎浣滃叕鍙哥殑 SaaS 绯荤粺锛屽厛鍥炶嚜宸卞叕鍙?IdP 楠岃韩浠斤紝IdP 缁欎粬涓€寮犲甫绔犵殑 SAML 閫氳鍗曪紝SaaS 浣滀负 SP 鐪嬭閫氳鍗曞悗鏀捐銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細SAML 鐢ㄨ韩浠芥柇瑷€瀹炵幇璺ㄥ煙銆佽法缁勭粐鐨?Web SSO銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃涔颁簡涓€涓簯鎶ラ攢绯荤粺銆?/p>

浜戞姤閿€绯荤粺涓嶆兂淇濆瓨灏忔灄鍏徃姣忎釜鍛樺伐鐨勫瘑鐮併€?/p>

鍛樺伐璁块棶鎶ラ攢绯荤粺鏃讹紝娴忚鍣ㄨ甯﹀洖灏忔灄鍏徃鐨勭櫥褰曢〉銆?/p>

灏忔灄鍏徃纭鍛樺伐韬唤鍚庯紝鍙戝嚭涓€浠?SAML assertion銆?/p>

杩欎唤鏂█鍍忕洊绔犻€氳鍗曪紝鍛婅瘔鎶ラ攢绯荤粺锛氳繖涓汉鏄皝锛屾潵鑷摢涓粍缁囷紝鍙兘杩樻湁閮ㄩ棬鎴栬鑹插０鏄庛€?/p>

鎶ラ攢绯荤粺鐩镐俊灏忔灄鍏徃鐨?IdP锛屼簬鏄鍛樺伐杩涘叆銆?/p>

鏁翠釜閲嶇偣涓嶆槸鈥滅敤鎴峰皯杈撲竴娆″瘑鐮佲€濊繖涔堢畝鍗曘€?/p>

閲嶇偣鏄袱涓郴缁熶箣闂村缓绔嬩簡韬唤淇′换銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?federation锛堣仈閭﹁韩浠斤級銆乤ssertion锛堟柇瑷€锛夈€両dP锛堣韩浠芥彁渚涙柟锛夈€丼P锛堟湇鍔℃彁渚涙柟锛夛紝鍏堟兂 SAML銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?browser-based SSO锛堝熀浜庢祻瑙堝櫒鐨勫崟鐐圭櫥褰曪級鍜?XML锛堝彲鎵╁睍鏍囪璇█锛夛紝涔熷父鎸?SAML銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂法鍏徃璁块棶 SaaS 鐨?SSO锛屼紭鍏堢湅 SAML銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇粹€滄垜鏄皝鈥濈殑韬唤澹版槑锛屽亸 SAML锛涢鐩鈥滄巿鏉冪涓夋柟璁块棶璧勬簮鈥濓紝鍋?OAuth銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

SAML锛氳韩浠芥柇瑷€锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬浼佷笟鑱旈偊 SSO銆?/p>

SSO锛氫竴娆＄櫥褰曡闂涓郴缁熺殑浣撻獙鎴栨灦鏋勭洰鏍囥€?/p>

OAuth锛氬鎵樻巿鏉冿紝閲嶇偣鏄绗笁鏂瑰簲鐢ㄨ闂祫婧愩€?/p>

OIDC锛氬湪 OAuth 2.0 涓婂姞韬唤璁よ瘉灞傘€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細OAuth / OIDC / 濮旀墭鎺堟潈涓庤韩浠借璇佸眰

OAuth 鍜?OIDC 杩欏紶鍗℃渶瀹规槗璁查敊銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歄Auth 鍍忕粰鍒汉涓€寮犫€滀唬鍙栭挜鍖欌€濓紝鍙厑璁稿畠鏇夸綘鍙栨煇浜涗笢瑗匡紱OIDC 鏄湪杩欏鎺堟潈娴佺▼涓婂啀鍔犱竴寮犺韩浠借瘉锛岃瘉鏄庣櫥褰曠殑浜烘槸璋併€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

OAuth = 鎺堟潈鍒汉浠ｈ〃浣犺闂祫婧愩€?/p>

瀹冧富瑕佽В鍐?delegated authorization锛堝鎵樻巿鏉冿級銆?/p>

姣斿浣犺鐓х墖鎵撳嵃搴楄闂綘鐨勪簯鐩稿唽銆?/p>

浣犱笉璇ユ妸浜戠浉鍐屽瘑鐮佸憡璇夋墦鍗板簵銆?/p>

OAuth 浼氱粰鎵撳嵃搴椾竴寮?access token锛堣闂护鐗岋級锛屽彧鍏佽瀹冭鍙栫収鐗囥€?/p>

OIDC = OpenID Connect銆?/p>

瀹冩槸鍦?OAuth 2.0 涓婂姞鐨?authentication layer锛堣璇佸眰锛夛紝鐢ㄦ潵璇佹槑鐢ㄦ埛韬唤銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Delegated authorization锛氬鎵樻巿鏉冿紝鎴戝厑璁镐綘鏇挎垜璁块棶涓€閮ㄥ垎璧勬簮銆?/p>

Access token锛氳闂护鐗岋紝鎷跨潃瀹冭兘璁块棶鎸囧畾璧勬簮銆?/p>

Third-party app锛氱涓夋柟搴旂敤锛屼笉鏄祫婧愪富浜恒€?/p>

ID token锛氳韩浠戒护鐗岋紝璇佹槑鐢ㄦ埛鏄皝銆?/p>

JWT锛氫竴绉嶅父瑙佷护鐗屾牸寮忋€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫唬鍙栭挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆侽Auth 鐨勬牳蹇冨氨鏄€滀綘鏇挎垜鎷夸笢瑗匡紝浣嗕笉鑳芥嬁鎴戠殑涓诲瘑鐮佲€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱櫥褰曡瘉銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侽Auth 鏈韩涓嶆槸鐧诲綍璁よ瘉锛屽鏄撹瀵笺€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶『渚块獙韬唤璇併€?/p>

淇濈暀缁?OIDC銆侽IDC 姝ｆ槸鎶娾€滈獙韬唤鈥濊ˉ涓娿€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鎷嗘垚涓ゅ彞锛歄Auth 鏄唬鍙栭挜鍖欙紝OIDC 鏄『渚块獙韬唤璇併€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

OAuth = 浠ｅ彇閽ュ寵銆?/p>

OIDC = 鍦ㄤ唬鍙栭挜鍖欐祦绋嬮噷椤轰究楠岃韩浠借瘉銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁巿鏉冩墦鍗板簵璇诲彇浜戠浉鍐岋紝涓嶇粰瀵嗙爜锛屽彧缁欎竴寮犺闂护鐗岋紝杩欐槸 OAuth锛涘鏋滅郴缁熻繕瑕佺‘璁ゆ鍦ㄧ櫥褰曠殑浜哄氨鏄皬鏋楋紝灏卞姞 OIDC銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細OAuth 瑙ｅ喅濮旀墭鎺堟潈锛孫IDC 鍦?OAuth 2.0 涓婅В鍐宠韩浠借璇併€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎯虫妸浜戠浉鍐岄噷鐨勫晢鍝佸浘鍙戠粰鎵撳嵃搴椼€?/p>

鏈€鍗遍櫓鐨勫姙娉曟槸鎶婁簯鐩稿唽璐﹀彿瀵嗙爜缁欐墦鍗板簵銆?/p>

杩欐牱鎵撳嵃搴椾笉鍙彲浠ヤ笅杞藉晢鍝佸浘锛岃繕鍙兘鍒犵収鐗囥€佹敼璧勬枡銆侀暱鏈熺櫥褰曘€?/p>

OAuth 鐨勫仛娉曟洿鍍忔巿鏉冨崟锛氬彧鍏佽鎵撳嵃搴楄鍙栨煇涓浉鍐岋紝杩囨湡灏变笉鑳界敤銆?/p>

杩欏紶鎺堟潈鍗曞氨鏄?access token銆?/p>

浣?OAuth 鍙洖绛斺€滆繖涓簲鐢ㄨ兘涓嶈兘璁块棶杩欎簺鐓х墖鈥濄€?/p>

濡傛灉鍙︿竴涓郴缁熻繕闂€滃綋鍓嶈繖涓敤鎴峰埌搴曟槸涓嶆槸灏忔灄鈥濓紝灏遍渶瑕?OIDC 缁欏嚭 ID token銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?delegated authorization锛堝鎵樻巿鏉冿級銆乤ccess token锛堣闂护鐗岋級銆丄PI access锛圓PI 璁块棶锛夈€乼hird-party app锛堢涓夋柟搴旂敤锛夛紝鍏堟兂 OAuth銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇粹€滀笉鏆撮湶鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜锛岃绗笁鏂瑰簲鐢ㄨ闂祫婧愨€濓紝鍏堟兂 OAuth銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?OpenID Connect銆両D token锛堣韩浠戒护鐗岋級銆乤uthentication layer锛堣璇佸眰锛夛紝鍏堟兂 OIDC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇粹€滃熀浜?OAuth 2.0 鍋?authentication / identity锛堣璇?/ 韬唤锛夆€濓紝閫?OIDC銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滆皝鏄皝鈥濈殑韬唤鏂█锛屽鏋滃嚭鐜?SAML / XML / IdP / SP锛屽彲鑳芥槸 SAML锛屼笉瑕佺‖閫?OAuth銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

OAuth锛氭巿鏉冪涓夋柟璁块棶璧勬簮銆?/p>

OIDC锛氬湪 OAuth 涓婄‘璁ょ敤鎴疯韩浠姐€?/p>

SAML锛氱敤鏂█鍋氳仈閭﹁韩浠藉拰浼佷笟 SSO銆?/p>

Password sharing锛氭妸瀵嗙爜缁欑涓夋柟锛岃繖鏄潖鍋氭硶銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細SSO / 鍗曠偣鐧诲綍

SSO 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滀竴娆＄櫥褰曗€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歋SO 鏄竴绉嶇櫥褰曚綋楠屽拰韬唤鏋舵瀯锛岀敤鎴风櫥褰曚竴娆★紝澶氫釜绯荤粺閮借杩欐鐧诲綍锛涘疄鐜板畠鐨勫伐鍏峰彲浠ユ槸 SAML銆丱IDC銆並erberos 绛夈€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

SSO = Single Sign-On锛屽崟鐐圭櫥褰曘€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄煇涓€涓崗璁悕銆?/p>

瀹冩弿杩扮殑鏄敤鎴蜂綋楠岋細涓€娆＄櫥褰曪紝澶氬閫氳銆?/p>

姣斿灏忔灄鍛樺伐鏃╀笂鐧诲綍鍏徃璐﹀彿锛屼箣鍚庨偖绠便€佹姤閿€銆佹枃妗ｇ郴缁熼兘鑳借闂紝涓嶇敤姣忎釜绯荤粺鍐嶈緭涓€閬嶅瘑鐮併€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Single sign-on锛氬崟鐐圭櫥褰曘€?/p>

One credential锛氫竴缁勫嚟鎹€?/p>

Multiple systems锛氬涓郴缁熴€?/p>

Centralized authentication锛氶泦涓璇併€?/p>

Password synchronization锛氬瘑鐮佸悓姝ワ紝涓嶇瓑浜?SSO銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竴娆¤繘澶фゼ锛屽澶勫埛闂ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忎竴娆＄櫥褰曞悗璁块棶澶氫釜绯荤粺銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭墍鏈夊瘑鐮佽涓€鏍枫€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄瘑鐮佸悓姝ユ垨鍧忎範鎯紝涓嶆槸 SSO銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫竴寮犲憳宸ヨ瘉璧版暣鏍嬫ゼ銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳芥彁閱?SSO 鏄綋楠屽拰鏋舵瀯锛屼笉鏄叿浣撳崗璁€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竴娆¤繘澶фゼ锛屽澶勫埛闂ㄢ€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸渚垮埄鎬у拰闆嗕腑韬唤婧愰兘璁颁綇銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

SSO = 涓€娆¤繘澶фゼ锛屽澶勫埛闂ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楁棭涓婂湪鍏徃闂ㄥ彛楠屼竴娆¤韩浠斤紝涔嬪悗杩涢偖绠便€佹姤閿€銆佹枃妗ｅ閮藉埛鍚屼竴寮犲憳宸ヨ瘉锛屼笉鐢ㄦ瘡涓棬鍙ｉ噸鏂版姤瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細SSO 璁╃敤鎴蜂竴娆¤璇佸悗璁块棶澶氫釜绯荤粺銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

娌℃湁 SSO 鏃讹紝灏忔灄鍛樺伐姣忓ぉ瑕佽閭瀵嗙爜銆佹姤閿€瀵嗙爜銆丆RM 瀵嗙爜銆佹枃妗ｇ郴缁熷瘑鐮併€?/p>

瀵嗙爜澶锛屽憳宸ュ氨浼氬啓鍦ㄧ焊涓婏紝鎴栬€呮妸鎵€鏈夊瘑鐮佽鎴愪竴鏍枫€?/p>

SSO 鎶婄櫥褰曢泦涓埌涓€涓韩浠藉叆鍙ｃ€?/p>

鍛樺伐鍏堝湪涓績鍏ュ彛閫氳繃璁よ瘉銆?/p>

涔嬪悗鍏朵粬绯荤粺鐩镐俊杩欎釜璁よ瘉缁撴灉銆?/p>

濂藉鏄皯杈撳瘑鐮併€佸皯蹇樺瘑鐮併€侀泦涓鐞嗚处鍙枫€?/p>

椋庨櫓鏄韩浠藉叆鍙ｆ垚浜嗗叧閿偣銆?/p>

鎵€浠?SSO 涓嶆槸鈥滅畝鍗曠渷浜嬧€濆洓涓瓧锛屽畠杩樿姹傛洿璁ょ湡淇濇姢璁よ瘉涓績銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?single sign-on锛堝崟鐐圭櫥褰曪級銆乷ne credential锛堜竴缁勫嚟鎹級銆乵ultiple systems锛堝涓郴缁燂級锛屽厛鎯?SSO銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?most benefit锛堟渶涓昏濂藉锛夛紝甯哥湅鍑忓皯閲嶅鐧诲綍銆佹敼鍠勭敤鎴蜂綋楠屻€侀泦涓璇佺鐞嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?password synchronization锛堝瘑鐮佸悓姝ワ級锛屼笉瑕佸綋鎴?SSO锛涢偅鍙槸澶氫釜绯荤粺瀵嗙爜淇濇寔涓€鑷淬€?/p>

棰樼洰闂敤浠€涔堝崗璁疄鐜?SSO锛屽啀鐪?SAML銆丱IDC銆並erberos 绛夐€夐」銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

SSO锛氱洰鏍囧拰浣撻獙锛屼竴娆＄櫥褰曞澶勪娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

SAML锛氬父鐢ㄤ簬璺ㄧ粍缁?Web SSO 鐨勮韩浠芥柇瑷€鍗忚銆?/p>

OIDC锛氱幇浠?Web / mobile 甯哥敤鐨勮韩浠藉眰銆?/p>

Kerberos锛氬煙鍐呯エ鎹璇侊紝涔熻兘鏀寔鍗曠偣浣撻獙銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Kerberos / 绁ㄦ嵁璁よ瘉鍗忚

Kerberos 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€淜DC銆乀GT銆乼icket鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欿erberos 鍍忓叕鍙哥エ鍔′腑蹇冿紝浣犲厛璇佹槑鑷繁涓€娆★紝绁ㄥ姟涓績鍙戠エ锛屼箣鍚庡幓涓嶅悓鏈嶅姟鏃跺嚭绀虹エ鎹紝涓嶇敤姣忔鎶婂瘑鐮佷氦缁欐湇鍔°€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Kerberos 鏄竴绉嶅熀浜?ticket锛堢エ鎹級鐨勮璇佸崗璁€?/p>

瀹冧娇鐢ㄥ绉板瘑閽ャ€?/p>

鏍稿績瑙掕壊鏄?KDC锛圞ey Distribution Center锛屽瘑閽ュ垎鍙戜腑蹇冿級銆?/p>

KDC 閲屽父鍒?AS锛圓uthentication Service锛岃璇佹湇鍔★級鍜?TGS锛圱icket Granting Service锛岀エ鎹巿浜堟湇鍔★級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Ticket锛氱エ鎹紝鍍忎复鏃堕棬绁ㄣ€?/p>

KDC锛氬瘑閽ュ垎鍙戜腑蹇冿紝鍍忕エ鍔′腑蹇冦€?/p>

TGT锛氬厛鎷垮埌鐨勬€荤エ锛岀敤鏉ユ崲鍏蜂綋鏈嶅姟绁ㄣ€?/p>

TGS锛氱エ鎹巿浜堟湇鍔★紝缁欏叿浣撴湇鍔＄エ銆?/p>

Mutual authentication锛氬弻鍚戣璇侊紝瀹㈡埛绔拰鏈嶅姟绔兘鑳界‘璁ゅ鏂广€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱エ鍔′腑蹇冨彂闂ㄧエ銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸 KDC銆乀GT銆佹湇鍔＄エ鎹覆璧锋潵銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬瘑鐮佸埌澶勮窇銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侹erberos 姝ｆ槸涓轰簡閬垮厤姣忔鎶婂瘑鐮佷氦缁欐湇鍔°€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭椂闂存绁ㄥ彛銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€侹erberos 寰堟€曟椂闂翠笉鍚屾銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅エ鍔′腑蹇冨彂闂ㄧエ鈥濓紝杈呭姪璁扳€滄椂闂存绁ㄥ彛鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Kerberos = 绁ㄥ姟涓績鍙戦棬绁ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀厛鍘?KDC 璇佹槑韬唤锛屾嬁鍒?TGT锛屽啀鐢?TGT 鎹㈣繘鍏ユ枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒鐨勬湇鍔＄エ锛涙枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒鐪嬬エ鏀捐锛屼笉闇€瑕佸皬鏋楁妸瀵嗙爜浜ょ粰瀹冦€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Kerberos 鐢ㄥ绉板瘑閽ュ拰绁ㄦ嵁瀹屾垚璁よ瘉锛屼緷璧?KDC 鍜屾椂闂村悓姝ャ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈夋枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒銆佹墦鍗版湇鍔″櫒鍜屽唴閮ㄧ郴缁熴€?/p>

濡傛灉姣忎釜鏈嶅姟閮介棶灏忔灄瀵嗙爜锛屽瘑鐮佸埌澶勮窇锛岄闄╁緢澶с€?/p>

Kerberos 鐨勫姙娉曟槸璁╁皬鏋楀厛鍘荤エ鍔′腑蹇冦€?/p>

绁ㄥ姟涓績纭浠栬韩浠藉悗锛岀粰浠栦竴寮?TGT銆?/p>

浠栬璁块棶鏂囦欢鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ椂锛屼笉鏄噸鏂颁氦瀵嗙爜锛岃€屾槸鎷?TGT 鍘绘崲鏂囦欢鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笓鐢ㄧエ銆?/p>

鏂囦欢鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ鏌ョエ鎹病杩囨湡銆佹病琚鏀癸紝灏辨斁琛屻€?/p>

绁ㄦ嵁鏈夋椂闂撮檺鍒讹紝鎵€浠ュ叕鍙告満鍣ㄦ椂闂村繀椤诲悓姝ャ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?ticket锛堢エ鎹級銆並DC锛堝瘑閽ュ垎鍙戜腑蹇冿級銆丄S锛堣璇佹湇鍔★級銆乀GS锛堢エ鎹巿浜堟湇鍔★級銆乺ealm锛堝煙锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Kerberos銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?first step锛堢涓€姝ワ級锛岀敤鎴峰厛鍚?AS 璁よ瘉銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?primary weakness锛堜富瑕佸急鐐癸級鎴?single point of failure锛堝崟鐐规晠闅滐級锛屽父鐪?KDC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?mutual authentication锛堝弻鍚戣璇侊級鍜?time synchronization锛堟椂闂村悓姝ワ級锛屼篃甯告寚 Kerberos銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍑虹幇 LDAP锛堢洰褰曡闂崗璁級涓嶈娣凤紱Kerberos 鏄璇佸崗璁紝LDAP 鏄煡鐩綍銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Kerberos锛氱エ鎹璇併€?/p>

KDC锛氱エ鍔′腑蹇冦€?/p>

LDAP锛氱洰褰曟煡璇€?/p>

SSO锛氫竴娆＄櫥褰曞绯荤粺浣撻獙锛孠erberos 鍙互甯姪瀹炵幇杩欑浣撻獙銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細RADIUS / TACACS+ / 缃戠粶 AAA 鏈嶅姟

RADIUS 鍜?TACACS+ 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆璇佹湇鍔″櫒鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠浠兘鍍忕綉缁滆澶囬棬鍗处鏈紝甯?VPN銆乄i-Fi銆佷氦鎹㈡満銆佽矾鐢卞櫒鍒ゆ柇璋佽兘杩涖€佽兘鍋氫粈涔堛€佸仛瀹屾€庝箞璁拌处銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

RADIUS = Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service銆?/p>

TACACS+ = Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus銆?/p>

涓よ€呴兘甯哥敤浜?AAA锛欰uthentication锛堣璇侊級銆丄uthorization锛堟巿鏉冿級銆丄ccounting锛堣璐︼級銆?/p>

浣嗚€冭瘯鍠滄闂尯鍒€?/p>

RADIUS 鏇村父瑙佷簬 VPN銆佹棤绾?802.1X銆佽繙绋嬫帴鍏ャ€?/p>

TACACS+ 鏇村父瑙佷簬缃戠粶璁惧绠＄悊锛岀壒鍒槸璺敱鍣ㄣ€佷氦鎹㈡満鐨勫懡浠ょ骇鎺堟潈銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

AAA锛氳璇併€佹巿鏉冦€佽璐︺€?/p>

Remote access锛氳繙绋嬫帴鍏ャ€?/p>

802.1X锛氱綉缁滄帴鍏ユ帶鍒跺父瑙佸満鏅€?/p>

Command authorization锛氬懡浠ゆ巿鏉冿紝鎺у埗绠＄悊鍛樿兘鎵ц鍝簺鍛戒护銆?/p>

Device administration锛氳澶囩鐞嗭紝姣斿浜ゆ崲鏈哄拰璺敱鍣ㄧ鐞嗙櫥褰曘€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱綉缁滆澶囬棬鍗处鏈€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞棬鍗杩涘叆锛岃处鏈璁板綍銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫袱涓兘涓€鏍枫€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝€冭瘯寰堢埍闂?RADIUS 鍜?TACACS+ 鍖哄埆銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歊 杩滅▼锛孴 璁惧銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€俁ADIUS 璁拌繙绋嬫帴鍏ワ紝TACACS+ 璁拌澶囩鐞嗐€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅綉缁滆澶囬棬鍗处鏈€濓紝鍐嶇敤鈥淩 杩滅▼锛孴 璁惧鈥濆尯鍒嗛鐩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

RADIUS / TACACS+ = 缃戠粶璁惧闂ㄥ崼璐︽湰銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬憳宸ヨ繛 VPN 鎴?Wi-Fi 鏃讹紝RADIUS 鍍忛棬鍗煡韬唤銆佺粰鎺ュ叆銆佽璐︼紱绠＄悊鍛樼櫥褰曚氦鎹㈡満鎵ц鍛戒护鏃讹紝TACACS+ 鏇村儚缁嗗垎鏉冮檺鐨勮澶囬棬鍗€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細涓よ€呴兘鏄綉缁?AAA 鏈嶅姟锛屼絾 RADIUS 鍋忔帴鍏ワ紝TACACS+ 鍋忚澶囩鐞嗗拰鍛戒护鎺堟潈銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変袱绫婚棬銆?/p>

绗竴绫婚棬鏄憳宸ヨ繘缃戠粶锛氳繛 Wi-Fi銆佽繛 VPN銆佹帴鍏ュ唴閮ㄧ綉銆?/p>

杩欑被鍦烘櫙甯歌 RADIUS銆?/p>

绗簩绫婚棬鏄鐞嗗憳杩涜澶囷細鐧诲綍浜ゆ崲鏈恒€佽矾鐢卞櫒銆侀槻鐏锛岃繕瑕侀檺鍒朵粬鑳戒笉鑳芥墽琛岄噸鍚€佹敼閰嶇疆銆佺湅鏃ュ織銆?/p>

杩欑被鍦烘櫙鏇村儚 TACACS+銆?/p>

涓や釜閮借兘甯繖鍋?AAA銆?/p>

浣?RADIUS 鏇村儚鈥滆皝鑳借繘缃戠粶鈥濄€?/p>

TACACS+ 鏇村儚鈥滅鐞嗗憳杩涜澶囧悗锛屾瘡鏉″懡浠よ兘涓嶈兘鍋氣€濄€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?remote access锛堣繙绋嬭闂級銆乂PN銆亀ireless 802.1X锛堟棤绾胯璇侊級銆両SP锛屽父閫?RADIUS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?UDP 1812 / 1813锛屽厛鎯?RADIUS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?router / switch admin command control锛堣矾鐢卞櫒/浜ゆ崲鏈虹鐞嗗憳鍛戒护鎺у埗锛夛紝鍏堟兂 TACACS+銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TCP 49銆乻eparates AAA锛堝垎绂昏璇佹巿鏉冭璐︼級銆乪ncrypts entire payload锛堝姞瀵嗘暣涓礋杞斤級锛屽厛鎯?TACACS+銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙槸璇?AAA server锛圓AA 鏈嶅姟鍣級锛岃鐪嬪満鏅槸鐢ㄦ埛鎺ュ叆杩樻槸璁惧绠＄悊銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

RADIUS锛氬亸鐢ㄦ埛缃戠粶鎺ュ叆銆?/p>

TACACS+锛氬亸缃戠粶璁惧绠＄悊鍜屽懡浠ゆ巿鏉冦€?/p>

Kerberos锛氱エ鎹璇佸崗璁€?/p>

AAA锛氳璇併€佹巿鏉冦€佽璐﹁繖濂楁湇鍔＄洰鏍囥€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細MAC / DAC / RBAC / ABAC / 璁块棶鎺у埗妯″瀷

杩欏洓涓闂帶鍒舵ā鍨嬩笉鑳芥贩鎴愪竴鍥€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬仛棰樻椂鍏堥棶鈥滆皝璇翠簡绠椻€濓細绯荤粺鏍囩璇翠簡绠椼€佽祫婧愪富浜鸿浜嗙畻銆佸矖浣嶈鑹茶浜嗙畻锛岃繕鏄睘鎬ф潯浠朵竴璧疯浜嗙畻銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

MAC = Mandatory Access Control锛屽己鍒惰闂帶鍒躲€?/p>

DAC = Discretionary Access Control锛岃嚜涓昏闂帶鍒躲€?/p>

RBAC = Role-Based Access Control锛屽熀浜庤鑹茶闂帶鍒躲€?/p>

ABAC = Attribute-Based Access Control锛屽熀浜庡睘鎬ц闂帶鍒躲€?/p>

瀹冧滑閮藉湪鍥炵瓟鍚屼竴涓棶棰橈細璋佽兘璁块棶浠€涔堛€?/p>

鍖哄埆鍦ㄤ簬鈥滃垽鏂潈闄愮殑渚濇嵁鈥濅笉鍚屻€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Mandatory锛氬己鍒讹紝涓汉涓嶈兘闅忎究鏀广€?/p>

Discretionary锛氳嚜涓伙紝璧勬簮鎵€鏈夎€呮湁鍐冲畾鏉冦€?/p>

Role锛氳鑹诧紝姣斿瀹㈡湇銆佽储鍔°€佺鐞嗗憳銆?/p>

Attribute锛氬睘鎬э紝姣斿閮ㄩ棬銆佸湴鐐广€佹椂闂淬€佽澶囥€佹暟鎹晱鎰熷害銆?/p>

Lattice锛氭牸缁撴瀯锛屽父鍜?MAC 涓€璧峰嚭鐜般€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳皝璇翠簡绠椼€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚洓涓ā鍨嬫渶鎬曡儗瀹氫箟涓嶅垎鏉冨姏鏉ユ簮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬洓鎶婇挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞挜鍖欏お娉涳紝涓嶅鏄撳尯鍒嗗洓绫汇€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬瘑绾с€佷富浜恒€佸矖浣嶃€佹潯浠躲€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鐩存帴瀵瑰簲 MAC銆丏AC銆丷BAC銆丄BAC銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆皝璇翠簡绠椻€濓紝鍥哄畾鎴愨€滃瘑绾с€佷富浜恒€佸矖浣嶃€佹潯浠垛€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

MAC / DAC / RBAC / ABAC = 瀵嗙骇銆佷富浜恒€佸矖浣嶃€佹潯浠躲€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭満瀵嗘。妗堝鎸夊瘑绾ф斁琛屾槸 MAC锛涙枃浠朵富浜哄垎浜粰鍚屼簨鏄?DAC锛涘鏈嶅矖浣嶈兘鐪嬭鍗曟槸 RBAC锛涚郴缁熻繕瑕佺湅鍦扮偣銆佹椂闂淬€佽澶囧拰鏁版嵁绫诲瀷鎵嶆斁琛屾槸 ABAC銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍥涚璁块棶妯″瀷鎸変笉鍚屼緷鎹仛鎺堟潈鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変竴闂磋祫鏂欏銆?/p>

绗竴鎵囬棬璐寸潃鈥滄満瀵嗏€濇爣绛撅紝鍙湁璁稿彲绾у埆澶熺殑浜鸿兘杩涳紝杩炴枃浠朵富浜轰篃涓嶈兘闅忎究鏀句汉杩涙潵銆?/p>

杩欐槸 MAC銆?/p>

绗簩鎵囬棬鐢辨枃浠朵富浜哄喅瀹氾紝浠栧彲浠ユ妸鑷繁鐨勬姤琛ㄥ垎浜粰鍚屼簨銆?/p>

杩欐槸 DAC銆?/p>

绗笁鎵囬棬鎸夊矖浣嶅紑锛屽鏈嶈兘鐪嬭鍗曪紝璐㈠姟鑳界湅鍙戠エ锛屼粨搴撹兘鐪嬪簱瀛樸€?/p>

杩欐槸 RBAC銆?/p>

绗洓鎵囬棬鏈€缁嗭細鍚屼竴涓鏈嶏紝鍙湁鍦ㄥ伐浣滄椂闂淬€佸叕鍙哥數鑴戙€佸叕鍙哥綉缁溿€佸鐞嗚嚜宸辫礋璐ｅ尯鍩熻鍗曟椂鎵嶈兘鐪嬫暟鎹€?/p>

杩欐槸 ABAC銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Mandatory Access Control锛堝己鍒惰闂帶鍒讹級銆乴abel锛堟爣绛撅級銆乧learance锛堣鍙骇鍒級銆乧lassification锛堝垎绫伙級銆乵ilitary锛堝啗浜嬶級锛屽厛鎯?MAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?owner controls access锛堟墍鏈夎€呮帶鍒惰闂級銆丄CL锛堣闂帶鍒跺垪琛級銆乬rant permission锛堟巿浜堟潈闄愶級锛屽厛鎯?DAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?role锛堣鑹诧級銆乯ob function锛堝伐浣滆亴璐ｏ級銆乬roup membership锛堢粍鎴愬憳锛夛紝鍏堟兂 RBAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?context-aware锛堟劅鐭ヤ笂涓嬫枃锛夈€乨ynamic锛堝姩鎬侊級銆乪nvironment锛堢幆澧冿級銆乸olicy-based access锛堝熀浜庣瓥鐣ヨ闂級锛屽厛鎯?ABAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰閲岀殑 MAC 濡傛灉鍦ㄧ綉缁滈閲屽彲鑳芥槸 MAC address锛堢綉鍗″湴鍧€锛夛紱濡傛灉鍦ㄨ闂帶鍒堕閲屾墠鏄?Mandatory Access Control銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

MAC锛氱郴缁熷己鍒舵寜瀵嗙骇鍜屾爣绛俱€?/p>

DAC锛氳祫婧愪富浜哄喅瀹氥€?/p>

RBAC锛氭寜宀椾綅瑙掕壊銆?/p>

ABAC锛氭寜澶氫釜灞炴€у拰鐜鏉′欢鍔ㄦ€佸垽鏂€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Least Privilege = 鏈€灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

瀹冮棶鐨勬槸锛氳繖涓汉銆佺▼搴忋€佹湇鍔¤处鍙凤紝涓轰簡瀹屾垚褰撳墠宸ヤ綔锛屾渶灏戦渶瑕佸摢浜涙潈闄愩€?/p>

鍙粰杩欎簺銆?/p>

涓嶇粰棰濆鐨勫垹闄ゃ€佹敼閰嶇疆銆佸鍑哄叏閮ㄥ鎴疯祫鏂欑瓑鏉冮檺銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Least锛氭渶灏戙€?/p>

Privilege锛氭潈闄愩€佺壒鏉冦€?/p>

Minimum access锛氭渶浣庤闂€?/p>

Only permissions required锛氬彧缁欐墍闇€鏉冮檺銆?/p>

Reduce attack surface锛氶檷浣庢敾鍑婚潰銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬彧缁欏鐢ㄧ殑閽ュ寵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃鐢ㄢ€濅袱涓瓧銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫笉缁欓挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆備笉缁欓挜鍖欎細璁╀笟鍔″仠鎺夛紝涓嶆槸鏈€灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫复鏃跺伐鍙嬁浠撳簱灏忛挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃彧缁欏鐢ㄧ殑閽ュ寵鈥濄€傝繖鑳介槻姝㈡妸鏈€灏忔潈闄愯瑙ｆ垚鈥滆秺灏戣秺濂解€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Least Privilege = 鍙粰澶熺敤鐨勯挜鍖欍€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬疄涔犵敓鍙渶瑕佺湅搴撳瓨琛紝灏辩粰浠栨煡鐪嬪簱瀛樼殑閽ュ寵锛屼笉缁欎粬鍒犻櫎瀹㈡埛鏁版嵁銆佷慨鏀逛环鏍笺€佸垱寤虹鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿鐨勯挜鍖欍€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏈€灏忔潈闄愯涓讳綋鍙嫢鏈夊畬鎴愪换鍔℃墍闇€鐨勬渶浣庢潈闄愩€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄璇蜂簡涓€涓复鏃跺疄涔犵敓甯繖鐩樺簱瀛樸€?/p>

瀹炰範鐢熷彧闇€瑕佺湅搴撳瓨鏁伴噺銆?/p>

濡傛灉灏忔灄椤烘墜缁欎粬绠＄悊鍛樿处鍙凤紝浠栧氨鑳藉垹瀹㈡埛銆佹敼璁㈠崟銆佸鍑烘暟鎹€?/p>

鍝€曞疄涔犵敓鏈汉涓嶄綔鎭讹紝鍙璐﹀彿琚挀楸煎伔璧帮紝鏀诲嚮鑰呬篃浼氬緱鍒扮鐞嗗憳鑳藉姏銆?/p>

鏈€灏忔潈闄愮殑鍋氭硶鏄細鍙粰鏌ョ湅搴撳瓨鏉冮檺锛屽埌鏈熻嚜鍔ㄦ敹鍥炪€?/p>

杩欐牱宸ヤ綔鑳藉畬鎴愶紝椋庨櫓涔熻鍘嬩綇銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?least privilege锛堟渶灏忔潈闄愶級銆乵inimum access锛堟渶浣庤闂級銆乷nly permissions required锛堝彧缁欐墍闇€鏉冮檺锛夛紝鍏堟兂鏈€灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

棰樼洰闂处鍙疯鐩楀悗 best way to limit damage锛堥檺鍒舵崯瀹崇殑鏈€浣虫柟寮忥級锛屽父鐪?least privilege銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存湇鍔¤处鍙峰彧搴旇闂嚜宸遍渶瑕佺殑璧勬簮锛屼篃鏄湪鑰?least privilege銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂湁娌℃湁涓氬姟鐞嗙敱鐪嬫煇涓叿浣撴枃浠讹紝鍙兘鏄?need-to-know锛屼笉瑕佸彧鐪嬫渶灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Least Privilege锛氭潈闄愯寖鍥村敖閲忓彧澶熷畬鎴愪换鍔°€?/p>

Need-to-Know锛氬嵆浣跨骇鍒锛屼篃瑕佹湁涓氬姟闇€瑕佹墠鐪嬫煇淇℃伅銆?/p>

Separation of Duties锛氭妸鍗遍櫓鎿嶄綔鎷嗙粰澶氫汉锛岄槻姝竴浜虹嫭澶с€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Need-to-Know = 鐭ユ儏闇€瑕併€?/p>

瀹冨父鍑虹幇鍦ㄦ晱鎰熶俊鎭拰鏈哄瘑淇℃伅璁块棶鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

涓€涓汉鍙兘鏈?clearance锛堣鍙骇鍒級銆?/p>

浣嗗鏋滆繖浠借祫鏂欏拰浠栫殑宸ヤ綔鏃犲叧锛屼粬浠嶇劧涓嶈鐪嬨€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Need锛氶渶瑕侊紝涓嶆槸濂藉銆?/p>

Know锛氱煡閬撴煇浠戒俊鎭€?/p>

Business need锛氫笟鍔￠渶瑕併€?/p>

Compartmentalization锛氬垎闅旓紝鎶婁俊鎭寜椤圭洰鎴栬寖鍥撮殧寮€銆?/p>

Sensitive information锛氭晱鎰熶俊鎭€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭湁璧勬牸杩樿鏈夌悊鐢便€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳界洿鎺ユ墦鎺夆€滅骇鍒灏辫兘鐪嬧€濈殑璇В銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳皝閮藉埆鐪嬨€?/p>

娣樻卑銆俷eed-to-know 涓嶆槸灏佹淇℃伅锛岃€屾槸鎸変笟鍔￠渶瑕佸紑鏀俱€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶」鐩悕鍗曞彧缁欓」鐩粍銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄湁璧勬牸杩樿鏈夌悊鐢扁€濄€傝繖鏄€冭瘯鏈€甯歌闄烽槺銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Need-to-Know = 鏈夎祫鏍艰繕瑕佹湁鐞嗙敱銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱粡鐞嗘湁鏈哄瘑绾у埆锛屼絾鏌愪釜骞惰喘椤圭洰鍜屼粬鏃犲叧锛屼粬娌℃湁涓氬姟闇€瑕侊紝灏变笉鑳界湅椤圭洰鍚嶅崟銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細need-to-know 瑕佹眰璁块棶鏁忔劅淇℃伅鏃跺繀椤绘湁瀹為檯涓氬姟闇€瑕併€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鍑嗗鏀惰喘涓€瀹跺皬鍏徃銆?/p>

楂樺眰閲屽緢澶氫汉閮芥湁鏌ョ湅鏈哄瘑璧勬枡鐨勭骇鍒€?/p>

浣嗗苟涓嶆槸姣忎釜楂樺眰閮藉弬涓庤繖涓敹璐」鐩€?/p>

濡傛灉鎵€鏈夆€滅骇鍒鈥濈殑浜洪兘鑳界湅锛屾秷鎭緢瀹规槗娉勯湶銆?/p>

鎵€浠ラ」鐩祫鏂欏彧缁欐敹璐皬缁勩€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?need-to-know銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄棶鈥滀綘鑱屼綅楂樹笉楂樷€濄€?/p>

瀹冮棶鈥滀綘鍋氳繖浠朵簨鐪熺殑闇€瑕佺煡閬撳悧鈥濄€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?need-to-know锛堢煡鎯呴渶瑕侊級銆乥usiness need锛堜笟鍔￠渶瑕侊級銆乻ensitive information锛堟晱鎰熶俊鎭級锛屽厛鎯宠繖寮犲崱銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?has clearance but no business reason锛堟湁璁稿彲绾у埆浣嗘病鏈変笟鍔＄悊鐢憋級锛屽簲鎷掔粷璁块棶銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?compartmentalization锛堝垎闅旓級锛屾妸淇℃伅闄愬埗鍦ㄧ浉鍏冲皬缁勶紝涔熷父鎸?need-to-know銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂噺灏戣处鍙疯兘鍔涜寖鍥达紝鍙兘鏄?least privilege锛涢鐩棶鏄惁鏈夌悊鐢辩湅鏌愪唤璧勬枡锛屾洿鍍?need-to-know銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Need-to-Know锛氳兘涓嶈兘鐭ラ亾杩欎唤淇℃伅銆?/p>

Least Privilege锛氳兘涓嶈兘鎷ユ湁杩欎簺鏉冮檺銆?/p>

Clearance锛氳鍙骇鍒紝鍙槸闂ㄦ涔嬩竴銆?/p>

Classification锛氫俊鎭湰韬殑鏁忔劅绛夌骇銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Owner = 鏁版嵁鎵€鏈夎€呫€?/p>

Data Custodian = 鏁版嵁淇濈鑰呫€?/p>

Owner 閫氬父鏄笟鍔¤礋璐ｄ汉锛屼笉涓€瀹氭槸 IT銆?/p>

Custodian 甯稿父鏄?IT 鎴栬繍缁村洟闃熴€?/p>

Owner 鍐冲畾鏁版嵁鎬庝箞鍒嗙被銆佽皝鑳借闂€佷繚鐣欏涔呫€佷繚鎶ゅ埌浠€涔堢▼搴︺€?/p>

Custodian 鎸夎繖浜涜姹傛妸鎶€鏈帶鍒跺仛鍑烘潵銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Owner锛氫富浜猴紝瀹氳鐭┿€佽礋璐ｄ换銆?/p>

Custodian锛氫繚绠¤€呫€佺瀹讹紝鎵ц淇濇姢銆?/p>

Classify data锛氱粰鏁版嵁鍒嗙被銆?/p>

Authorize access锛氭壒鍑嗚皝鑳借闂€?/p>

Implement controls锛氬疄鏂芥帶鍒舵帾鏂姐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫富浜哄畾瑙勭煩锛岀瀹朵繚绠°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶婅矗浠诲拰鎵ц鍒嗗紑銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欼T 灏辨槸 owner銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚緢澶氳€冭瘯棰樹細鐢ㄨ繖涓潙浣狅紝IT 甯告槸 custodian銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫笟鍔¤€佹澘鍜屾妧鏈瀹躲€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳藉府灏忕櫧鎶婄幇瀹炶鑹叉斁杩涘幓銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀富浜哄畾瑙勭煩锛岀瀹朵繚绠♀€濄€傝繖鍙ヨ瘽鑳界洿鎺ュ洖鍒伴鐩噷鐨?owner / custodian 鍖哄垎銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Owner / Custodian = 涓讳汉瀹氳鐭╋紝绠″淇濈銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴锋暟鎹綊涓氬姟璐熻矗浜鸿礋璐ｏ紝浠栧喅瀹氬垎绫汇€佽闂拰淇濈暀瑕佹眰锛汭T 鍥㈤槦鎸夎姹傚仛鏉冮檺銆佸浠姐€佸姞瀵嗗拰鎭㈠銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Owner 鍐崇瓥骞惰礋璐ｏ紝Custodian 鎵ц骞剁淮鎶ゃ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鐨勫鎴疯祫鏂欏睘浜庝笟鍔￠儴闂ㄣ€?/p>

瀹㈡湇涓荤鏈€娓呮杩欎簺鏁版嵁鑳戒笉鑳藉叕寮€銆佽皝瑕佺敤銆佺敤閿欎細閫犳垚浠€涔堝奖鍝嶃€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ鏈嶄富绠℃洿鍍?data owner銆?/p>

鎶€鏈洟闃熻礋璐ｆ妸瑙勫垯钀藉湴锛氭暟鎹簱鏉冮檺鎬庝箞閰嶃€佹瘡澶╂€庝箞澶囦唤銆佹仮澶嶆€庝箞娴嬭瘯銆佹棫纭洏鎬庝箞閿€姣併€?/p>

鎶€鏈洟闃熷緢閲嶈锛屼絾瀹冧笉鏄殢渚垮喅瀹氣€滃鎴疯祫鏂欐槸涓嶆槸鏈哄瘑鈥濈殑浜恒€?/p>

濡傛灉棰樼洰闂皝璐熻矗鍒嗙被鍜屾壒鍑嗚闂紝瑕佺湅 owner銆?/p>

濡傛灉棰樼洰闂皝鎵ц澶囦唤鍜岀淮鎶ゆ帶鍒讹紝瑕佺湅 custodian銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data owner锛堟暟鎹墍鏈夎€咃級銆乧lassify data锛堟暟鎹垎绫伙級銆乤uthorize access锛堟壒鍑嗚闂級銆乤ccountable锛堣礋璐ｏ級锛屽厛鎯?Owner銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?who is primarily responsible for classification / access approval锛堣皝涓昏璐熻矗鍒嗙被 / 鎵瑰噯璁块棶锛夛紝閫?Data Owner銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?data custodian锛堟暟鎹繚绠¤€咃級銆乥ackup锛堝浠斤級銆乺estore锛堟仮澶嶏級銆乮mplement controls锛堝疄鏂芥帶鍒讹級銆乵aintain锛堢淮鎶わ級锛屽厛鎯?Custodian銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鎵ц澶囦唤銆侀厤缃潈闄愩€佺淮鎶ゅ瓨鍌紝閫?Data Custodian銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎶?IT 鍐欏緱寰堝繖锛屼笉浠ｈ〃 IT 灏辨槸鏁版嵁鎵€鏈夎€呫€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Owner锛氬畾鍒嗙被銆佸畾璁块棶銆佽礋鏈€缁堣矗浠汇€?/p>

Data Custodian锛氭墽琛屾妧鏈繚鎶ゅ拰鏃ュ父淇濈銆?/p>

User锛氭寜鎺堟潈浣跨敤鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Data Steward锛氭湁浜涚粍缁囬噷鍗忓姪绠＄悊鏁版嵁璐ㄩ噺鍜屼娇鐢ㄨ鍒欙紝鍏蜂綋鑱岃矗鐪嬮骞层€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Classification = 鍒嗙被鍒嗙骇銆?/p>

Labeling = 鏍囪銆?/p>

鍏堝垎绫伙紝鍐嶆爣璁般€?/p>

姣斿涓€浠藉鎴峰悕鍗曡鍒ゅ畾涓?confidential锛堟満瀵嗭級銆?/p>

杩欎釜鈥滃垽瀹氱瓑绾р€濈殑鍔ㄤ綔鏄?classification銆?/p>

鎶娾€淐onfidential鈥濆啓鍦ㄩ〉鐪夈€佹按鍗般€佸厓鏁版嵁鎴栫郴缁熸爣绛句笂锛屾槸 labeling銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Sensitivity锛氭晱鎰熷害锛屾硠闇插悗褰卞搷澶氬ぇ銆?/p>

Confidentiality level锛氫繚瀵嗙骇鍒€?/p>

Marking锛氭爣璇嗭紝鍜?labeling 鎺ヨ繎銆?/p>

Metadata锛氬厓鏁版嵁锛岀郴缁熼噷闄勫甫鐨勬爣绛句俊鎭€?/p>

Header / footer锛氶〉鐪?/ 椤佃剼锛屽彲浠ュ啓鍒嗙被鏍囩銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬厛鍒嗙骇锛屽啀璐存爣绛俱€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞『搴忔竻妤氾紝鐗瑰埆閫傚悎鑰冭瘯銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳创鏍囩灏辨槸鍒嗙被銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖姝ｆ槸娣锋穯鐐广€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫粨搴撹揣鏋朵环绛俱€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚厛鍐冲畾璐х墿绛夌骇锛屽啀璐翠环绛惧拰鎼繍瑕佹眰銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃厛鍒嗙骇锛屽啀璐存爣绛锯€濄€傝繖鍙ヨ瘽鑳介槻姝㈡妸 classification 鍜?labeling 浜掓崲銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Classification / Labeling = 鍏堝垎绾э紝鍐嶈创鏍囩銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴峰悕鍗曞厛琚垽瀹氫负鏈哄瘑锛岃繖鏄垎绫伙紱鏂囦欢椤电湁銆佹按鍗板拰绯荤粺鍏冩暟鎹噷鍐欎笂 Confidential锛岃繖鏄爣璁般€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細classification 鍐冲畾鏁忔劅绾у埆锛宭abeling 鏄剧ず鍒嗙被缁撴灉鍜屽鐞嗚姹傘€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変笁浠芥枃浠躲€?/p>

绗竴浠芥槸瀹樼綉瀹ｄ紶鍥撅紝鍙互鍏紑銆?/p>

绗簩浠芥槸鍐呴儴浠锋牸琛紝鍙粰鍛樺伐鐪嬨€?/p>

绗笁浠芥槸瀹㈡埛韬唤璇佸拰鏀粯璁板綍锛屾硠闇蹭細寰堜弗閲嶃€?/p>

涓氬姟璐熻矗浜哄厛鍒ゆ柇瀹冧滑鍒嗗埆灞炰簬鍏紑銆佸唴閮ㄣ€佹満瀵嗘垨鍙楅檺銆?/p>

杩欎竴姝ユ槸 classification銆?/p>

鐒跺悗绯荤粺鍦ㄦ枃浠朵笂鍔犳按鍗帮紝閭欢绯荤粺璇嗗埆鏍囩锛屾墦鍗颁欢椤佃剼鍐欎笂绾у埆锛屽憳宸ヤ竴鐪肩煡閬撲笉鑳戒贡杞彂銆?/p>

杩欎竴姝ユ槸 labeling銆?/p>

娌℃湁鍒嗙被锛屾爣绛句笉鐭ラ亾璐翠粈涔堛€?/p>

娌℃湁鏍囩锛屽垎绫荤粨鏋滃埆浜虹湅涓嶈锛屼篃寰堥毦鎵ц銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?classification锛堝垎绫伙級銆乻ensitivity锛堟晱鎰熷害锛夈€乧onfidentiality level锛堜繚瀵嗙骇鍒級銆乸ublic / internal / confidential / restricted锛屽厛鎯冲垎绫汇€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?first step to protect data锛堜繚鎶ゆ暟鎹涓€姝ワ級鎴?determine protection level锛堢‘瀹氫繚鎶ょ骇鍒級锛岄€氬父鍏?classification銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?labeling锛堟爣璁帮級銆乵arking锛堟爣璇嗭級銆乵etadata锛堝厓鏁版嵁锛夈€乭eader / footer锛堥〉鐪?/ 椤佃剼锛夈€乭andling instructions锛堝鐞嗚鏄庯級锛屽厛鎯虫爣璁般€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?how users know classification / handling requirements锛堢敤鎴峰浣曠煡閬撳垎绫诲拰澶勭悊瑕佹眰锛夛紝閫?labeling銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鍐冲畾鍒嗙被锛屽洖鍒?Data Owner锛屼笉鏄?Custodian銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Classification锛氬喅瀹氱瓑绾с€?/p>

Labeling锛氭妸绛夌骇鏍囧嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

Data Owner锛氶€氬父璐熻矗鍐冲畾鍒嗙被銆?/p>

Data Custodian锛氭寜鍒嗙被瑕佹眰瀹炴柦淇濇姢銆?/p>

Encryption锛氫繚鎶ゆ墜娈典箣涓€锛屼笉绛変簬鍒嗙被鏈韩銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Biometrics / 鐢熺墿璇嗗埆

Biometrics 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滅敓鐗╄瘑鍒璇佲€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氱敓鐗╄瘑鍒槸鐢ㄨ韩浣撶壒寰佸綋閽ュ寵锛屾瘮濡傛寚绾广€佽劯銆佽櫣鑶溿€佽缃戣啘銆佹帉绾瑰拰澹伴煶銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Biometrics = 鐢熺墿璇嗗埆銆?/p>

瀹冨睘浜?Something you are锛堜綘鏄粈涔堬級杩欎竴绫昏璇佸洜瀛愩€?/p>

瀵嗙爜鏄綘鐭ラ亾鐨勪笢瑗裤€?/p>

鏅鸿兘鍗″拰浠ょ墝鏄綘鎷ユ湁鐨勪笢瑗裤€?/p>

鎸囩汗銆佷汉鑴搞€佽櫣鑶滆繖浜涙槸浣犺韩浣撴湰韬殑鐗瑰緛銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Fingerprint锛氭寚绾广€?/p>

Iris锛氳櫣鑶滐紝鐪肩潧鏈夐鑹茬殑閭ｅ湀銆?/p>

Retina锛氳缃戣啘锛岀溂搴曡绠″浘妗堛€?/p>

Face / voice锛氫汉鑴?/ 澹扮汗銆?/p>

Template锛氭ā鏉匡紝涓嶆槸瀹屾暣鐓х墖锛涚郴缁熼€氬父鎷挎ā鏉垮仛姣斿銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱敤韬綋褰撻挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧绔嬪埢鎶婄敓鐗╄瘑鍒斁鍒扳€滀綘鏄粈涔堚€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱粷瀵瑰畨鍏ㄩ挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜敓鐗╄瘑鍒篃浼氳鍒わ紝涔熷彲鑳借娆洪獥銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬厛鐧昏韬綋鏍锋湰銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳借浣?enrollment 鍜?template銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅敤韬綋褰撻挜鍖欌€濄€備絾蹇呴』琛ヤ竴鍙ワ細杩欐妸閽ュ寵涓嶅ソ鏇存崲锛屾墍浠ユā鏉夸繚鎶ゅ緢閲嶈銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Biometrics = 鐢ㄨ韩浣撳綋閽ュ寵銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楄繘鏈烘埧鏃朵笉鐢ㄥ彧杈撳瘑鐮侊紝鑰屾槸鍒锋寚绾规垨鎵櫣鑶滐紱绯荤粺涓嶆槸缁欎粬鎺堟潈鎵€鏈夋搷浣滐紝鍙槸鍦ㄩ獙璇佲€滆繘鏉ョ殑浜烘槸涓嶆槸灏忔灄鈥濄€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鐢熺墿璇嗗埆鏄?Something you are锛屼富瑕佺敤浜庤韩浠借璇併€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃闂ㄥ彛瑁呬簡浜鸿劯闂ㄧ銆?/p>

鏂板憳宸ョ涓€澶╄鍏?enrollment锛屾妸浜鸿劯鎴栨寚绾瑰綍杩涘幓锛岀郴缁熺敓鎴?template銆?/p>

浠ュ悗浠栫珯鍒伴棬鍙ｏ紝鎽勫儚澶撮噰鏍凤紝鍐嶅拰妯℃澘姣斿銆?/p>

濡傛灉浠栬鈥滄垜鏄皬鏋椻€濓紝绯荤粺鍙嬁浠栫殑鏍锋湰鍜屽皬鏋楁ā鏉挎瘮锛岃繖鏄?verification锛?:1銆?/p>

濡傛灉绯荤粺涓嶈浠栬鍚嶅瓧锛岃€屾槸鍦ㄥ叏鍏徃鏁版嵁搴撻噷鎵锯€滆繖涓汉鏄皝鈥濓紝杩欐槸 identification锛?:N銆?/p>

浣嗛棬绂佽鍑轰粬鏄皬鏋楋紝涓嶄唬琛ㄤ粬鑳借繘璐㈠姟绯荤粺銆佸垹鏁版嵁搴撱€佹敼宸ヨ祫銆?/p>

閭ｆ槸鎺堟潈闂锛屼笉鏄敓鐗╄瘑鍒湰韬В鍐崇殑浜嬨€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?biometrics锛堢敓鐗╄瘑鍒級銆乻omething you are锛堜綘鏄粈涔堬級銆乫ingerprint / iris / retina / voice / face锛屽厛鎯崇敓鐗╄瘑鍒€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?primary purpose锛堜富瑕佺洰鐨勶級锛屽父閫?verify identity锛堥獙璇佽韩浠斤級鎴?authentication锛堣璇侊級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?enrollment锛堟敞鍐岋級銆乻ample锛堥噰鏍凤級銆乼emplate锛堟ā鏉匡級锛岃鎯冲埌鐢熺墿妯℃澘闇€瑕佷繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?verification锛堥獙璇侊級鏄?1:1锛宨dentification锛堣瘑鍒級鏄?1:N銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?user acceptance锛堢敤鎴锋帴鍙楀害锛夈€乸rivacy concern锛堥殣绉侀【铏戯級銆乧ost锛堟垚鏈級锛屾槸鍦ㄨ鐢熺墿璇嗗埆鐨勭幇瀹為檺鍒躲€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Biometrics锛氳璇佸洜瀛愶紝璇佹槑浣犳槸涓嶆槸浣犮€?/p>

Authorization锛氭巿鏉冿紝鍐冲畾浣犺兘鍋氫粈涔堛€?/p>

Template锛氭瘮瀵规ā鏉匡紝涓嶈浠ヤ负涓€瀹氫繚瀛樺畬鏁存寚绾圭収鐗囥€?/p>

Password锛氬彲淇敼锛涚敓鐗╃壒寰佹硠闇插悗寰堥毦鏇存崲銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

FAR = False Acceptance Rate锛岄敊璇帴鍙楃巼銆?/p>

FRR = False Rejection Rate锛岄敊璇嫆缁濈巼銆?/p>

CER = Crossover Error Rate锛屼氦鍙夐敊璇巼锛屼篃鍙?EER锛圗qual Error Rate锛岀瓑閿欒鐜囷級銆?/p>

FAR 鏄笉璇ヨ繘鐨勪汉琚斁杩涙潵銆?/p>

FRR 鏄杩涚殑浜鸿鎸″湪澶栭潰銆?/p>

CER 鏄?FAR 鍜?FRR 鐩哥瓑鏃剁殑鐐广€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

False锛氶敊鐨勩€?/p>

Acceptance锛氭帴鍙椼€佹斁琛屻€?/p>

Rejection锛氭嫆缁濄€佹嫤浣忋€?/p>

Crossover锛氫氦鍙夛紝涓ゆ潯閿欒鐜囨洸绾跨浉閬囥€?/p>

Sensitivity / threshold锛氭晱鎰熷害 / 闃堝€硷紝鍐冲畾绯荤粺澶氫弗鏍笺€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶敊鏀捐繘銆侀敊鎷︿綇銆佷袱閿欑浉绛夌偣銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐩磋瘧鐜板疄鍦烘櫙锛屾渶涓嶇粫銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欶AR 杩滄柟銆丗RR 鍙嶄汉銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝皭闊充笉璐撮锛岃浜嗕篃鍥炰笉鍒伴骞层€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬皬鍖洪棬绂佷袱绉嶉敊銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈敊鏀捐繘銆侀敊鎷︿綇銆佷袱閿欑浉绛夌偣鈥濄€傝繖姣旇儗鑻辨枃鏇磋兘鍋氶銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

FAR / FRR / CER = 閿欐斁杩涖€侀敊鎷︿綇銆佷袱閿欑浉绛夌偣銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氶檶鐢熶汉琚棬绂佽鎴愪綇鎴锋斁杩涙潵锛屾槸 FAR锛涗綇鎴疯闂ㄧ閿欐尅鍦ㄥ闈紝鏄?FRR锛涗袱绉嶉敊璇巼涓€鏍锋椂锛屽氨鏄?CER銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細FAR 鐪嬪畨鍏ㄩ闄╋紝FRR 鐪嬪彲鐢ㄦ€э紝CER/EER 鐢ㄦ潵姣旇緝鍑嗙‘搴︺€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鎹簡浜鸿劯闂ㄧ銆?/p>

绗竴澶╋紝绯荤粺鎶婂鍗栧憳璁ゆ垚灏忔灄鏀捐繘鏈烘埧銆?/p>

杩欏緢鍗遍櫓锛屾槸 FAR锛岄敊鏀捐繘銆?/p>

绗簩澶╋紝鐪熸鐨勫皬鏋楃珯鍦ㄩ棬鍙ｏ紝绯荤粺鍗磋涓嶆槸鏈汉銆?/p>

杩欏緢鐑︼紝鏄?FRR锛岄敊鎷︿綇銆?/p>

闂ㄧ鍙互璋冪伒鏁忓害銆?/p>

璋冨緱寰堜弗鏍硷紝鍧忎汉鏇撮毦杩涳紝浣嗗ソ浜轰篃鏇村鏄撹鎷掔粷銆?/p>

璋冨緱寰堝鏉撅紝濂戒汉鏇村鏄撹繘锛屼絾鍧忎汉涔熸洿鍙兘娣疯繘鏉ャ€?/p>

瑕佹瘮杈冧笉鍚岄棬绂佹暣浣撳噯涓嶅噯锛屽氨鐪?CER/EER锛岃秺浣庤秺濂姐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?FAR / False Acceptance Rate锛堥敊璇帴鍙楃巼锛夛紝鍏堟兂鏈巿鏉冭€呰绯荤粺鏀捐銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?FRR / False Rejection Rate锛堥敊璇嫆缁濈巼锛夛紝鍏堟兂鍚堟硶鐢ㄦ埛琚郴缁熸嫆缁濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?CER / EER锛屽厛鎯?FAR 鍜?FRR 鐩哥瓑鐨勭偣銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?best biometric accuracy锛堟渶浣崇敓鐗╄瘑鍒噯纭€э級锛岄€夎緝浣?CER銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂浣曞鐞嗛珮 FAR锛屽父瑙佸仛娉曟槸鍔犵浜屽洜绱犳垨鎻愰珮涓ユ牸搴︼紝浣嗚娉ㄦ剰浼氬奖鍝?FRR銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

FAR锛氬潖浜鸿繘鏉ヤ簡锛屽畨鍏ㄩ闄┿€?/p>

FRR锛氬ソ浜鸿繘涓嶅幓锛屽彲鐢ㄦ€у拰浣撻獙闂銆?/p>

CER / EER锛氭瘮杈冭澶囧噯纭害鐨勪氦鍙夌偣銆?/p>

Sensitivity锛氬彲浠ヨ皟锛屼絾涓嶆槸娌℃湁浠ｄ环銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Password Policy / 瀵嗙爜绛栫暐

Password Policy 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆缃鏉傚瘑鐮佲€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ユ槸缁欏瘑鐮佺珛瑙勭煩锛岃瀹氬闀裤€佽兘涓嶈兘閲嶅銆佸涔呮崲銆佽緭閿欏嚑娆￠攣銆侀粯璁ゅ瘑鐮佹€庝箞澶勭悊銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Password Policy = 瀵嗙爜绛栫暐銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄煇涓€涓叿浣撳瘑鐮併€?/p>

瀹冩槸缁勭粐鍐欎笅骞剁敤绯荤粺鎵ц鐨勪竴缁勮鍒欍€?/p>

瑙勫垯鐨勭洰鐨勶紝鏄鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈鐢ㄥお鐭€佸お甯歌銆佸お瀹规槗琚寽鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝涔熻鏀诲嚮鑰呬笉鑳芥棤闄愬皾璇曘€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Password length锛氬瘑鐮侀暱搴︺€?/p>

Password history锛氬瘑鐮佸巻鍙层€?/p>

Password age锛氬瘑鐮佷娇鐢ㄦ湡闄愩€?/p>

Default password锛氶粯璁ゅ瘑鐮併€?/p>

Shared password锛氬叡浜瘑鐮侊紝浼氱牬鍧?accountability锛堥棶璐ｏ級銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱粰瀵嗙爜绔嬭鐭┿€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸绛栫暐鍜屽叿浣撳瘑鐮佸垎寮€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳秺澶嶆潅瓒婂畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏉傚害鏈夌敤锛屼絾鐜颁唬棰樺父寮鸿皟闀垮害鍜岄伩鍏嶅父瑙佸瘑鐮併€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶棬鍙ｈ瘯閿欒鏁板櫒銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傝兘璁颁綇璐︽埛閿佸畾鍜屾毚鍔涚牬瑙ｃ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅粰瀵嗙爜绔嬭鐭┾€濄€傝緟鍔╄鈥滈暱搴︺€佸巻鍙层€佸勾榫勩€侀攣瀹氣€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Password Policy = 缁欏瘑鐮佺珛瑙勭煩銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楀叕鍙歌瀹氬瘑鐮佽嚦灏戝闀裤€佷笉鑳界敤甯歌寮卞瘑鐮併€佷笉鑳介┈涓婃敼鍥炴棫瀵嗙爜銆佽繛缁緭閿欒閿佸畾锛岄粯璁ゅ瘑鐮侀娆＄櫥褰曞繀椤讳慨鏀广€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀵嗙爜绛栫暐瀹氫箟骞舵墽琛屽瘑鐮佷娇鐢ㄨ鍒欍€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍙戠幇鍛樺伐鍠滄鐢?123456銆佺敓鏃ャ€佸叕鍙稿悕銆?/p>

鏈変汉琚挀楸煎悗锛屾敾鍑昏€呰繕鑳芥嬁杩欎釜瀵嗙爜鍘绘挒鍏朵粬绯荤粺銆?/p>

浜庢槸鍏徃璁剧疆瀵嗙爜绛栫暐銆?/p>

鏂板瘑鐮佷笉鑳藉お鐭€?/p>

涓嶈兘鍦ㄥ父瑙佸急瀵嗙爜鍚嶅崟閲屻€?/p>

涓嶈兘鍜屾渶杩戝嚑娆″瘑鐮侀噸澶嶃€?/p>

杩炵画杈撻敊澶娆¤閿佽处鍙锋垨寤惰繜閲嶈瘯銆?/p>

浣嗙瓥鐣ヤ篃涓嶈兘涔辫銆?/p>

閿佸畾澶弗鏍煎彲鑳借鏀诲嚮鑰呯敤鏉ユ妸鍒汉璐﹀彿鏁呮剰閿佹锛屽舰鎴?DoS锛堟嫆缁濇湇鍔★級銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?password policy锛堝瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ワ級銆乧omplexity锛堝鏉傚害锛夈€乴ength锛堥暱搴︼級銆乭istory锛堝巻鍙茶褰曪級銆乪xpiration锛堣繃鏈燂級锛屽厛鎯冲瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂樆姝㈢敤鎴疯繛缁敼瀵嗙爜鍐嶆敼鍥炲師瀵嗙爜锛岄€?minimum password age锛堟渶鐭瘑鐮佷娇鐢ㄦ湡闄愶級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂槻姝?brute force锛堟毚鍔涚牬瑙ｏ級锛屽父鐪?account lockout锛堣处鎴烽攣瀹氾級銆佸欢杩熴€佺洃鎺с€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?default password锛堥粯璁ゅ瘑鐮侊級锛岄€氬父瑕侀娆＄櫥褰曚慨鏀广€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?shared password锛堝叡浜瘑鐮侊級锛岃璀︽儠瀹冪牬鍧?accountability锛堥棶璐ｏ級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Password Policy锛氬瘑鐮佽鍒欍€?/p>

Passphrase锛氫竴绉嶉暱鑰屽ソ璁扮殑瀵嗙爜褰㈠紡銆?/p>

MFA锛氬鍥犵礌璁よ瘉锛屼笉鍙潬瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

PAM锛氱鐞嗙壒鏉冭闂紝涓嶆槸鏅€氬瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Passphrase / 鍙ｄ护鐭

Passphrase 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉綋鎴愭櫘閫氱煭瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歅assphrase 鏄竴鍙ラ暱鑰屽ソ璁扮殑璇濓紝鐢ㄩ暱搴︽拺璧峰己搴︼紝姣旂煭鐭殑澶嶆潅涔辩爜鏇村鏄撹浜鸿浣忋€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Passphrase = 鍙ｄ护鐭銆?/p>

瀹冭繕鏄?Something you know锛堜綘鐭ラ亾鐨勪笢瑗匡級銆?/p>

浣嗗畠涓嶅儚 P@55w0rd 杩欑鐭瘑鐮併€?/p>

瀹冩洿鍍忎竴鍙ヤ綘鑳借浣忕殑闀垮彞瀛愭垨闅忔満璇嶇粍鍚堛€?/p>

闀垮害瓒婇暱锛屾毚鍔涚牬瑙ｈ秺闅俱€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Phrase锛氱煭璇€佸彞瀛愩€?/p>

Memorable锛氬鏄撹銆?/p>

Entropy锛氱喌锛岃秺涓嶅彲棰勬祴瓒婂己銆?/p>

Dictionary attack锛氬瓧鍏告敾鍑伙紝鏀诲嚮鑰呮嬁甯歌璇嶅拰鐭鍘昏瘯銆?/p>

Brute force锛氭毚鍔涚牬瑙ｏ紝纭瘯鎵€鏈夊彲鑳姐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竴鍙ヨ瘽褰撳瘑鐮併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚皬鐧戒竴鐪艰兘鎳傘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳秺鏈夊悕瓒婂ソ璁般€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚悕瑷€姝岃瘝澶鏄撹鐚溿€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶暱鍙ュ瓙锛屽埆淇楀銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔╋紝鎻愰啋鈥滈暱鈥濆拰鈥滀笉鍙娴嬧€濋兘瑕佹湁銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竴鍙ヨ瘽褰撳瘑鐮佲€濓紝浣嗗繀椤诲己璋冧笉鏄父瑙佸彞瀛愩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Passphrase = 涓€鍙ヨ瘽褰撳瘑鐮併€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫笌鍏剁敤鐭€屾€殑 P@55w0rd锛屼笉濡傜敤涓€涓叉洿闀裤€佹洿濂借銆佸埆浜虹寽涓嶅埌鐨勭煭璇€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細passphrase 閫氳繃闀垮害鍜屽彲璁板繂鎬ф彁楂樺瘑鐮佸己搴︺€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄璁╁憳宸ヨ缃鏉傚瘑鐮併€?/p>

缁撴灉澶у鍐欐垚 Summer2026!銆?code>Company@123锛岀湅璧锋潵澶嶆潅锛屽叾瀹炲緢濂界寽銆?/p>

鍚庢潵浠栨敼鎴愰紦鍔卞彛浠ょ煭璇€?/p>

鍛樺伐鍙互鐢ㄦ洿闀跨殑鍙ュ瓙鎴栭殢鏈鸿瘝缁勫悎銆?/p>

瀹冧笉蹇呭埌澶勫绗﹀彿锛屼絾瑕佽冻澶熼暱锛屼笉鑳芥槸鐑棬姝岃瘝銆佺數褰卞彴璇嶃€佺綉缁滄祦琛屽彞銆?/p>

杩欐牱鐢ㄦ埛鏇村鏄撹浣忥紝涔熸洿灏戝啓鍦ㄧ焊涓娿€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呮兂鏆村姏鐮磋В锛屽氨瑕侀潰瀵规洿闀跨殑鎼滅储绌洪棿銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?passphrase锛堝彛浠ょ煭璇級銆乴ong memorable phrase锛堥暱涓旀槗璁扮殑鐭锛夛紝鍏堟兂 passphrase銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?user-friendly strong password锛堝鐢ㄦ埛鍙嬪ソ鐨勫己瀵嗙爜锛夛紝甯搁€?passphrase銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?entropy锛堢喌锛夋垨 dictionary attack锛堝瓧鍏告敾鍑伙級锛岃娉ㄦ剰甯歌鍙ュ瓙涓嶄竴瀹氬畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?shortest password锛堟渶鐭瘑鐮侊級鎴?complexity only锛堝彧鐪嬪鏉傚害锛夛紝涓嶈鑷姩褰撴垚 passphrase銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Password锛氭硾鎸囧瘑鐮併€?/p>

Passphrase锛氭洿闀裤€佹洿鍍忕煭璇殑瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

Password policy锛氳瀹氬瘑鐮佹€庝箞璁剧疆銆?/p>

MFA锛氬姞鍏ュ彟涓€涓洜瀛愶紝涓嶅彧鏄敼瀵嗙爜褰㈠紡銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Smart Card / Token / 鏅鸿兘鍗′笌浠ょ墝

Smart Card 鍜?Token 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滀簩娆￠獙璇佲€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠浠睘浜?Something you have锛堜綘鎷ユ湁鐨勪笢瑗匡級锛屽儚浣犳墜閲屾嬁鐫€鐨勯€氳璇佹垨涓€娆℃€х爜鐢熸垚鍣ㄣ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Smart Card = 鏅鸿兘鍗°€?/p>

Token = 浠ょ墝銆?/p>

瀹冧滑灞炰簬 possession factor锛堟寔鏈夊洜瀛愶級銆?/p>

鏅鸿兘鍗￠€氬父鏄甫鑺墖鐨勫崱锛屽彲鑳戒繚瀛樿瘉涔﹀拰绉侀挜銆?/p>

浠ょ墝鍙兘鏄‖浠惰澶囷紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸鎵嬫満閲岀殑杞欢浠ょ墝锛岀敤鏉ョ敓鎴?OTP锛圤ne-Time Password锛屼竴娆℃€у瘑鐮侊級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

PIN锛氫綘鐭ラ亾鐨勪笢瑗裤€?/p>

Smart card锛氫綘鎷ユ湁鐨勫崱銆?/p>

Token锛氫綘鎷ユ湁鐨勪护鐗岃澶囨垨杞欢銆?/p>

TOTP锛歍ime-Based One-Time Password锛屽熀浜庢椂闂寸殑涓€娆℃€у瘑鐮併€?/p>

HOTP锛欻MAC-Based One-Time Password锛屽熀浜庤鏁板櫒鐨勪竴娆℃€у瘑鐮併€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭墜閲屾嬁鐫€鐨勯€氳璇併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忔寔鏈夊洜瀛愩€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱浜屼釜瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆備护鐗屼笉鏄櫘閫氬瘑鐮侊紝瀹冮€氬父鐢熸垚鍔ㄦ€佺爜銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬崱閲岃棌绉侀挜锛屼护鐗屽悙鐭爜銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔╋紝鍖哄垎鏅鸿兘鍗″拰 OTP 浠ょ墝銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄墜閲屾嬁鐫€鐨勯€氳璇佲€濄€傝緟鍔╄鈥滃崱钘忚瘉涔?绉侀挜锛屼护鐗屽嚭 OTP鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Smart Card / Token = 鎵嬮噷鎷跨潃鐨勯€氳璇併€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋楃櫥褰曠鐞嗗憳绯荤粺鏃讹紝瑕佹彃鏅鸿兘鍗″苟杈撳叆 PIN锛涙垨鑰呰緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佸悗锛屽啀杈撲护鐗岀敓鎴愮殑涓€娆℃€ч獙璇佺爜銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏅鸿兘鍗″拰浠ょ墝鏄寔鏈夊洜瀛愶紝甯镐笌鐭ラ亾鍥犲瓙缁勫悎鎴?MFA銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃涓嶆兂鍙潬瀵嗙爜淇濇姢绠＄悊鍛樺悗鍙般€?/p>

浜庢槸缁欑鐞嗗憳鍙戞櫤鑳藉崱銆?/p>

鍗￠噷鏈夎瘉涔﹀拰绉侀挜锛屾彃鍏ヨ鍗″櫒鍚庯紝鍐嶈緭鍏?PIN銆?/p>

灏辩畻鍒汉鎹″埌鍗★紝娌℃湁 PIN 涔熶笉濂界敤銆?/p>

鍙︿竴绫诲憳宸ヤ娇鐢ㄦ墜鏈轰护鐗屻€?/p>

App 姣?60 绉掔敓鎴愪竴涓?OTP銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呭氨绠楀伔鐪嬪埌杩欐楠岃瘉鐮侊紝杩囦竴浼氬効涔熷け鏁堛€?/p>

浣嗕护鐗屼涪浜嗕篃鏈夐闄╋紝鎵€浠ラ€氬父杩樿鍜?PIN銆佸瘑鐮佹垨鐢熺墿璇嗗埆涓€璧风敤銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?smart card锛堟櫤鑳藉崱锛夈€乼oken锛堜护鐗岋級銆乻omething you have锛堜綘鎷ユ湁鐨勪笢瑗匡級锛屽厛鎯虫寔鏈夊洜瀛愩€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?PIN + smart card锛岃繖鏄袱涓洜绱狅細浣犵煡閬撶殑 PIN + 浣犳嫢鏈夌殑鍗°€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?OTP锛堜竴娆℃€у瘑鐮侊級銆乀OTP锛堝熀浜庢椂闂达級銆乻ynchronous authenticator锛堝悓姝ヨ璇佸櫒锛夛紝鍏堟兂鍔ㄦ€佷护鐗屻€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?HOTP 鎴?asynchronous authenticator锛堝紓姝ヨ璇佸櫒锛夛紝鍏堟兂鍩轰簬璁℃暟鍣ㄧ殑浠ょ墝銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?smart card stores private key / certificate锛堟櫤鑳藉崱瀛樼閽?璇佷功锛夛紝涓嶈璇寸閽ュ簲璇ラ殢渚垮鍑恒€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Smart card锛氬甫鑺墖鐨勫崱锛屽父瀛樿瘉涔﹀拰绉侀挜銆?/p>

Token锛氱‖浠舵垨杞欢浠ょ墝锛屽父鐢熸垚 OTP銆?/p>

PIN锛氱煡閬撳洜瀛愩€?/p>

MFA锛氳嚦灏戜袱涓笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑鍥犲瓙銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細LDAP / 杞婚噺鐩綍璁块棶鍗忚

LDAP 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滆韩浠借璇佸崗璁€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歀DAP 鏇村儚鍏徃閫氳褰曟煡璇㈠彴锛岀敤鏉ユ煡鐢ㄦ埛銆佺粍銆侀儴闂ㄣ€佽澶囧拰鐩綍淇℃伅锛涘畠甯搁厤鍚堣璇佺郴缁燂紝浣嗕笉鏄?Kerberos 閭ｇ绁ㄦ嵁璁よ瘉銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

LDAP = Lightweight Directory Access Protocol锛岃交閲忕洰褰曡闂崗璁€?/p>

Directory service = 鐩綍鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

鐩綍涓嶆槸鏅€氭枃浠跺す銆?/p>

瀹冨儚缃戠粶涓栫晫鐨勭數璇濈翱锛岃褰曠敤鎴锋槸璋併€佸湪鍝釜閮ㄩ棬銆佸睘浜庡摢涓粍銆佹湁鍝簺灞炴€с€?/p>

Active Directory 甯镐娇鐢?LDAP 浣滀负鐩綍璁块棶鍗忚銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Directory锛氱洰褰曪紝鍍忕數璇濈翱銆?/p>

DN锛欴istinguished Name锛屽彲鍒嗚鲸鍚嶇О銆?/p>

OU锛歄rganizational Unit锛岀粍缁囧崟浣嶃€?/p>

CN锛欳ommon Name锛岄€氱敤鍚嶃€?/p>

DC锛欴omain Component锛屽煙缁勪欢銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕鍙搁€氳褰曟煡璇㈠彴銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧鏄庣櫧 LDAP 鏄煡鐩綍銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱櫥褰曠エ鎹腑蹇冦€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜エ鎹腑蹇冩洿鍍?Kerberos銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱洰褰曟爲銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€侺DAP 鏁版嵁鏇村儚灞傜骇鐩綍鏍戯紝涓嶅儚鏅€氬叧绯诲瀷鏁版嵁搴撹〃銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叕鍙搁€氳褰曟煡璇㈠彴鈥濄€傝繖鏄渶鑳藉拰 Kerberos銆丷ADIUS 鍖哄垎鐨勭敾闈€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

LDAP = 鍏徃閫氳褰曟煡璇㈠彴銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱郴缁熸兂鐭ラ亾灏忔灄灞炰簬鍝釜閮ㄩ棬銆佸摢涓粍銆侀偖绠辨槸浠€涔堬紝灏卞幓 LDAP 鐩綍閲屾煡锛涜绁ㄦ嵁璁よ瘉鏃讹紝鍐嶇湅 Kerberos銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細LDAP 鏄紑鏀剧殑鐩綍璁块棶鍗忚锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬闆嗕腑韬唤鍜岀洰褰曚俊鎭煡璇€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈夊嚑鐧句釜鍛樺伐銆?/p>

姣忎釜绯荤粺閮借嚜宸辩淮鎶ょ敤鎴疯〃锛屽緢蹇氨涔变簡銆?/p>

浜庢槸鍏徃寤轰簡鐩綍鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

鐢ㄦ埛銆佺粍銆侀儴闂ㄣ€侀偖绠便€佽澶囦綅缃兘鏀惧湪鐩綍閲屻€?/p>

搴旂敤瑕佹煡鈥滆繖涓处鍙峰睘浜庡摢涓粍鈥濓紝灏遍棶 LDAP銆?/p>

杩欏儚鍘诲叕鍙搁€氳褰曟煡璇㈠彴闂汉鍜岄儴闂ㄤ俊鎭€?/p>

浣?LDAP 鏈韩涓嶆槸鈥滄墍鏈夎璇佺殑绛旀鈥濄€?/p>

棰樼洰闂エ鎹€並DC銆乀GT锛岄偅鏄?Kerberos銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂綉缁滄帴鍏?AAA锛岄偅鍙兘鏄?RADIUS 鎴?TACACS+銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?LDAP銆丩ightweight Directory Access Protocol锛堣交閲忕洰褰曡闂崗璁級銆乨irectory service锛堢洰褰曟湇鍔★級锛屽厛鎯?LDAP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?open standard / vendor-neutral directory service锛堝紑鏀炬爣鍑?/ 渚涘簲鍟嗕腑绔嬬洰褰曟湇鍔★級锛屽父閫?LDAP銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?LDAP 鍝釜鎿嶄綔鍖呭惈璁よ瘉锛屽父鐪?bind锛堢粦瀹氾級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TCP/UDP 389锛屽厛鎯?LDAP锛涢鐩 LDAPS 636锛屽厛鎯冲姞瀵?LDAP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Active Directory uses LDAP锛圓D 浣跨敤 LDAP锛夛紝涓嶈鎶?AD 褰撴垚鍗忚鏈韩銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

LDAP锛氭煡鐩綍銆?/p>

Kerberos锛氱エ鎹璇併€?/p>

RADIUS / TACACS+锛氱綉缁?AAA銆?/p>

Active Directory锛氬井杞洰褰曟湇鍔′骇鍝侊紝鏀寔 LDAP 绛夊崗璁€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細PAM / 鐗规潈璁块棶绠＄悊

PAM 杩欏紶鍗¤鍏堝畾娓呮璇銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬湪 CISSP 閲岋紝PAM 閫氬父鎸?Privileged Access Management锛堢壒鏉冭闂鐞嗭級锛屽儚绠＄悊鍛橀挜鍖欎繚闄╁簱锛岀璋佽兘涓存椂鎷块珮鏉冮檺銆佹嬁澶氫箙銆佸仛浜嗕粈涔堛€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

PAM = Privileged Access Management锛岀壒鏉冭闂鐞嗐€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄櫘閫?password policy锛堝瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ワ級銆?/p>

涔熶笉瑕佸湪 CISSP 鍦烘櫙閲屽彧鐞嗚В鎴?Linux 鐨?Pluggable Authentication Modules锛堝彲鎻掓嫈璁よ瘉妯″潡锛夈€?/p>

鑰冭瘯鏇村父鎶?PAM 鏀惧湪楂樻潈闄愯处鍙锋不鐞嗛噷锛氬鎵广€佷繚闄╁簱銆佷复鏃舵巿鏉冦€佷細璇濊褰曘€佸璁°€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Privileged锛氱壒鏉冿紝楂樹簬鏅€氱敤鎴枫€?/p>

Access Management锛氳闂鐞嗭紝绠¤皝鑳芥嬁鏉冮檺銆?/p>

Credential vault锛氬嚟鎹繚闄╁簱銆?/p>

JIT access锛氬嵆鏃舵巿鏉冿紝鐢ㄥ畬鏀跺洖銆?/p>

Session recording锛氫細璇濊褰曪紝渚夸簬瀹¤杩借釜銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱鐞嗗憳閽ュ寵淇濋櫓搴撱€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忕壒鏉冨嚟鎹笉璇ラ殢渚挎暎钀姐€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭櫘閫氬瘑鐮佽鍒欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏄瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ワ紝涓嶆槸 PAM銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫复鏃跺€熼挜鍖欑櫥璁扮翱銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傝兘璁颁綇瀹℃壒銆佷复鏃舵巿鏉冨拰瀹¤銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅鐞嗗憳閽ュ寵淇濋櫓搴撯€濄€傝緟鍔╄鈥滃€熼挜鍖欒瀹℃壒銆佷細璁板綍銆佷細褰掕繕鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

PAM = 绠＄悊鍛橀挜鍖欎繚闄╁簱銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱鐞嗗憳骞虫椂涓嶇敤 root 璐﹀彿鍔炲叕锛岃鏀规湇鍔″櫒鏃跺厛鐢宠锛孭AM 涓存椂鍙戞斁鏉冮檺銆佽褰曟搷浣滐紝鐢ㄥ畬鏀跺洖骞惰疆鎹㈠嚟鎹€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細PAM 绠＄悊鐗规潈璁块棶锛屽噺灏戝叡浜珮鏉冮檺璐﹀彿鍜屼笉鍙拷韪搷浣溿€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃浠ュ墠鎶婃湇鍔″櫒 root 瀵嗙爜鍐欏湪鍏变韩鏂囨。閲屻€?/p>

璋侀兘璇存槸涓轰簡鏂逛究銆?/p>

浣嗗嚭浜嬪悗娌′汉鐭ラ亾鏄皝鐧诲綍銆佽皝鏀归厤缃€佽皝鍒犳枃浠躲€?/p>

鍚庢潵鍏徃涓?PAM銆?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樿楂樻潈闄愶紝鍏堢敵璇枫€?/p>

绯荤粺妫€鏌ョ悊鐢卞拰瀹℃壒銆?/p>

鎵瑰噯鍚庝复鏃舵墦寮€鏉冮檺锛屽苟璁板綍鏁翠釜浼氳瘽銆?/p>

浠诲姟缁撴潫鍚庢潈闄愭敹鍥烇紝瀵嗙爜鑷姩杞崲銆?/p>

杩欎笉鏄€滃啀璁句竴涓鏉傚瘑鐮佲€濄€?/p>

杩欐槸鎶婄壒鏉冭闂撼鍏ョ鐞嗐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?PAM銆丳rivileged Access Management锛堢壒鏉冭闂鐞嗭級銆乸rivileged account锛堢壒鏉冭处鍙凤級銆乤dmin account锛堢鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿锛夈€乺oot锛堣秴绾х敤鎴凤級锛屽厛鎯?PAM 鎴栫壒鏉冭处鍙风鐞嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?credential vault锛堝嚟鎹繚闄╁簱锛夈€乯ust-in-time access锛堝嵆鏃舵巿鏉冿級銆乻ession recording锛堜細璇濊褰曪級锛屽厛鎯?PAM銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂浣曢伩鍏嶅叡浜鐞嗗憳瀵嗙爜鐮村潖 accountability锛堥棶璐ｏ級锛屽父鐪?PAM銆佸敮涓€韬唤銆佸璁℃棩蹇椼€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?password policy锛堝瘑鐮佺瓥鐣ワ級鍙槸鍦ㄧ瀵嗙爜瑙勫垯锛屼笉绛変簬 PAM銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

PAM锛氱楂樻潈闄愯闂€?/p>

Password policy锛氱瀵嗙爜瑙勫垯銆?/p>

Privileged account锛氶珮鏉冮檺璐﹀彿鏈韩銆?/p>

Least privilege锛氬彧缁欏繀瑕佹潈闄愶紝鏄?PAM 瑕佹敮鎸佺殑鍘熷垯銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Separation of Duties / 鑱岃矗鍒嗙

Separation of Duties 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃垎宸モ€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳亴璐ｅ垎绂绘槸鎶婁竴浠跺鏄撲綔鎭剁殑瀹屾暣閾炬潯鎷嗗紑锛屼笉鑳借涓€涓汉浠庡ご鍋氬埌灏俱€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Separation of Duties = 鑱岃矗鍒嗙銆?/p>

瀹冨父缂╁啓涓?SoD銆?/p>

瀹冭闃叉 fraud锛堣垶寮婏級鍜岄噸澶ч敊璇€?/p>

濡傛灉涓€涓汉鑳芥柊澧炰緵搴斿晢銆佸鎵逛粯娆俱€佹墽琛屼粯娆俱€佸垹闄ゆ棩蹇楋紝浠栧氨鑳借嚜宸遍€犱竴鏉″亣浠樻閾俱€?/p>

鑱岃矗鍒嗙灏辨槸鎶婅繖浜涘姩浣滄媶缁欎笉鍚屼汉銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Separation锛氬垎寮€銆?/p>

Duties锛氳亴璐ｃ€佷换鍔°€?/p>

Fraud prevention锛氶槻鑸炲紛銆?/p>

Dual control锛氬弻浜烘帶鍒讹紝涓や汉涓€璧锋搷浣溿€?/p>

Split knowledge锛氱煡璇嗘媶鍒嗭紝涓€浜哄彧鐭ラ亾涓€閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竴浠舵晱鎰熶簨瑕佷袱涓汉瀹屾垚銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳界洿鎺ヨ浣忓埗琛°€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬皯缁欐潈闄愩€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚皯缁欐潈闄愭槸 least privilege锛屼笉鏄亴璐ｅ垎绂汇€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫粯娆句笉鑳借嚜宸卞紑鍗曡嚜宸辨壒銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€傝储鍔″満鏅渶鐩磋銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竴浠舵晱鎰熶簨瑕佷袱涓汉瀹屾垚鈥濄€傝緟鍔╄鈥滀笉鑳借嚜宸卞紑鍗曡嚜宸辨壒鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Separation of Duties = 鏁忔劅娴佺▼涓嶈兘涓€涓汉浠庡ご鍋氬埌灏俱€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬皬鏋椾笉鑳借鍚屼竴涓憳宸ュ垱寤轰緵搴斿晢銆佸鎵逛粯娆俱€佹墦娆俱€佸垹鏃ュ織锛涜繖浜涙楠よ鎷嗗紑锛屼簰鐩告鏌ャ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鑱岃矗鍒嗙閫氳繃澶氫汉鍒惰　闄嶄綆鑸炲紛鍜岄敊璇闄┿€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瑕佺粰渚涘簲鍟嗘墦娆俱€?/p>

濡傛灉灏忔潕涓€涓汉鑳芥柊澧炰緵搴斿晢锛屽張鑳藉鎵逛粯娆撅紝杩樿兘鎵ц浠樻锛屼粬鍙互寤轰竴涓亣渚涘簲鍟嗭紝鎶婇挶鎵撶粰鑷繁銆?/p>

濡傛灉浠樻鍚庤繕鑳藉垹鏃ュ織锛屽埆浜烘洿闅惧彂鐜般€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ叕鍙告妸娴佺▼鎷嗗紑銆?/p>

閲囪喘鎻愪氦渚涘簲鍟嗐€?/p>

璐㈠姟澶嶆牳璧勬枡銆?/p>

涓荤瀹℃壒浠樻銆?/p>

绯荤粺璁板綍鏃ュ織锛屽璁″畾鏈熸鏌ャ€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄亴璐ｅ垎绂汇€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄崟绾€滆皝鏉冮檺灏戜竴鐐光€濄€?/p>

瀹冩槸鎶婂嵄闄╅摼鏉℃媶鏂€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Separation of Duties / SoD锛堣亴璐ｅ垎绂伙級銆乫raud prevention锛堥槻鑸炲紛锛夈€乧onflict of interest锛堝埄鐩婂啿绐侊級锛屽厛鎯宠亴璐ｅ垎绂汇€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?proper separation of duties锛堟伆褰撹亴璐ｅ垎绂伙級锛屾壘鈥滃悓涓€涓汉涓嶈兘瀹屾垚浼氫簰鐩稿埗琛＄殑姝ラ鈥濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?dual control锛堝弻浜烘帶鍒讹級锛屽己璋冧袱涓汉鍚屾椂鍙備笌銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?split knowledge锛堢煡璇嗘媶鍒嗭級锛屽己璋冩病鏈変竴涓汉鎺屾彙瀹屾暣绉樺瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶鏈€灏忓寲鏌愪汉鏉冮檺鑼冨洿锛屽彲鑳芥槸 least privilege锛屼笉涓€瀹氭槸 SoD銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Separation of Duties锛氭媶寮€鍗遍櫓娴佺▼銆?/p>

Least Privilege锛氬彧缁欏鐢ㄦ潈闄愩€?/p>

Dual Control锛氫袱浜哄叡鍚屾搷浣溿€?/p>

Split Knowledge锛氱瀵嗗垎娈垫帉鎻°€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Privileged Account / 鐗规潈璐﹀彿

Privileged Account 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滅鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氱壒鏉冭处鍙峰儚绠＄悊鍛橀挜鍖欎覆锛岃兘鏀圭郴缁熴€佸缓鐢ㄦ埛銆佸垹鏁版嵁銆佹敼鏉冮檺锛屾墍浠ュ繀椤绘洿涓ユ牸淇濇姢銆佸鎵广€佸璁″拰鍙婃椂鏀跺洖銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Privileged Account = 鐗规潈璐﹀彿銆?/p>

瀹冩嫢鏈?elevated rights锛堟彁鍗囨潈闄愶級銆?/p>

鏅€氳处鍙峰彧鑳藉仛鏃ュ父宸ヤ綔銆?/p>

鐗规潈璐﹀彿鍙互鏀瑰彉绯荤粺鐘舵€併€?/p>

姣斿 root銆乤dministrator銆乨omain admin銆佹暟鎹簱绠＄悊鍛樿处鍙枫€佹湇鍔¤处鍙枫€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Privileged锛氱壒鏉冪殑銆?/p>

Elevated rights锛氭彁鍗囨潈闄愩€?/p>

Root / admin锛氳秴绾х敤鎴?/ 绠＄悊鍛樸€?/p>

Audit trail锛氬璁¤建杩广€?/p>

Account review锛氳处鍙峰鏍搞€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱鐞嗗憳閽ュ寵涓层€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忔潈闄愬銆侀闄╁ぇ銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭櫘閫氬憳宸ラ棬鍗°€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛櫘閫氳处鍙蜂笉鑳戒綋鐜伴珮椋庨櫓銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶挜鍖欒秺澶氳秺瑕佺櫥璁般€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傝兘璁颁綇瀹¤鍜岄棶璐ｃ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅鐞嗗憳閽ュ寵涓测€濄€傞挜鍖欒秺澶氾紝瓒婁笉鑳藉叡鐢紝瓒婅璁板綍銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Privileged Account = 绠＄悊鍛橀挜鍖欎覆銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭櫘閫氬憳宸ュ彧鑳界湅鑷繁鐨勬枃浠讹紝绠＄悊鍛橀挜鍖欎覆鑳藉缓璐﹀彿銆佹敼鏉冮檺銆侀噸鍚湇鍔″櫒銆佸垹鏁版嵁锛屾墍浠ユ瘡娆′娇鐢ㄩ兘瑕佽兘杩藉埌涓汉銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鐗规潈璐﹀彿蹇呴』涓ユ牸绠＄悊锛岄槻姝㈡互鐢ㄥ拰涓嶅彲杩借矗銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄浠ュ墠璁╄繍缁村洟闃熷叡鐢ㄤ竴涓?admin 璐﹀彿銆?/p>

澶у瑙夊緱鏂逛究銆?/p>

鐩村埌鏌愬ぉ鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ厤缃鏀瑰潖銆?/p>

鏃ュ織閲屽彧鍐欑潃 admin 鐧诲綍銆?/p>

鍒板簳鏄皝鏀圭殑锛屾病浜虹煡閬撱€?/p>

鍚庢潵鍏徃鏀规垚姣忎釜绠＄悊鍛橀兘鏈変釜浜鸿处鍙枫€?/p>

闇€瑕侀珮鏉冮檺鏃讹紝蹇呴』 MFA銆佸鎵广€佽褰曚細璇濄€?/p>

绂昏亴鎴栬浆宀楀悗锛屾潈闄愯鍙婃椂鏀跺洖銆?/p>

杩欐牱鍑轰簡浜嬶紝鎵嶈兘鐭ラ亾璋佸湪浠€涔堟椂鍊欏仛浜嗕粈涔堛€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?privileged account锛堢壒鏉冭处鍙凤級銆乤dmin account锛堢鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿锛夈€乺oot锛堣秴绾х敤鎴凤級銆乪levated rights锛堟彁鍗囨潈闄愶級锛屽厛鎯崇壒鏉冭处鍙枫€?/p>

棰樼洰闂浣曚繚鎶ょ壒鏉冭处鍙凤紝甯哥湅 MFA銆乴east privilege銆丳AM銆佸璁°€佷細璇濊褰曘€佸畾鏈熻处鍙峰鏍搞€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?shared admin account锛堝叡浜鐞嗗憳璐﹀彿锛夛紝閫氬父鏄潖鍋氭硶锛屽洜涓虹牬鍧?accountability銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?privilege creep锛堟潈闄愯敁寤讹級锛岃鎯冲埌杞矖鍚庢棫鏉冮檺娌℃湁鏀跺洖銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂獙璇佹寔缁渶瑕佺壒鏉冭闂殑鏈€浣虫柟娉曪紝甯哥湅 periodic access review锛堝畾鏈熻闂鏍革級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Privileged Account锛氶珮鏉冮檺璐﹀彿銆?/p>

PAM锛氱鐞嗛珮鏉冮檺璁块棶鐨勪綋绯汇€?/p>

Service Account锛氭湇鍔¤繍琛岀敤璐﹀彿锛屼篃鍙兘寰堥珮鏉冮檺銆?/p>

Accountability锛氭搷浣滆兘杩藉埌鍏蜂綋涓汉銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Security Models / Bell-LaPadula / Biba / Clark-Wilson / 瀹夊叏妯″瀷

瀹夊叏妯″瀷杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳戒粠鍏紡寮€濮嬭儗銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬厛闂ā鍨嬩繚鎶や粈涔堢洰鏍囥€侭ell-LaPadula 闃叉硠瀵嗭紝Biba 闃叉薄鏌擄紝Clark-Wilson 闃蹭贡鏀硅处銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Security Model = 瀹夊叏妯″瀷銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄叿浣撻槻鐏鎴栧伐鍏枫€?/p>

瀹冩槸涓€濂楄鍒欙紝璇存槑绯荤粺搴旇鎬庢牱鎺у埗涓讳綋璁块棶瀹綋銆?/p>

Bell-LaPadula 淇濇姢 confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級銆?/p>

Biba 淇濇姢 integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級銆?/p>

Clark-Wilson 涔熶繚鎶ゅ畬鏁存€э紝浣嗘洿鍍忓晢涓氱郴缁熼噷鐨勫彈鎺т氦鏄撱€佽亴璐ｅ垎绂诲拰瀹¤銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Subject锛氫富浣擄紝涓诲姩璁块棶鐨勪汉鎴栬繘绋嬨€?/p>

Object锛氬浣擄紝琚闂殑鏁版嵁鎴栬祫婧愩€?/p>

Simple Security Property锛氱畝鍗曞畨鍏ㄥ睘鎬э紝BLP 閲屾槸涓嶄笂璇汇€?/p>

Star Property锛氭槦灞炴€э紝BLP 閲屾槸涓嶄笅鍐欍€?/p>

CDI / TP / IVP锛欳lark-Wilson 閲岀殑鍙楃害鏉熸暟鎹」銆佽浆鎹㈣繃绋嬨€佸畬鏁存€ч獙璇佽繃绋嬨€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫繚瀵嗐€佸畬鏁淬€佹祦绋嬨€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備笁涓瘝瀵瑰簲涓夌被妯″瀷銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭ゼ姊€佹磥鍑€鐥呭巻銆侀摱琛屾煖鍙般€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€傛ゼ姊 BLP锛屾磥鍑€璁?Biba锛屾煖鍙拌 Clark-Wilson銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫笁涓兘绠¤闂帶鍒躲€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お娉涳紝璁颁笉鍑鸿€冭瘯鍖哄埆銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀笁绉嶄繚鎶ら噸鐐癸細淇濆瘑銆佸畬鏁淬€佹祦绋嬧€濄€傝緟鍔╃敾闈㈡槸鈥滃瘑绾фゼ姊€佹磥鍑€鐥呭巻銆侀摱琛屾煖鍙扳€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Bell-LaPadula = 淇濆瘑妤兼锛屼笉鑳藉線涓婂伔鐪嬶紝涓嶈兘寰€涓嬫硠瀵嗐€?/p>

Biba = 瀹屾暣娲佸噣瀹わ紝涓嶈兘璇昏剰鏁版嵁锛屼笉鑳芥妸浣庡畬鏁存€у啓杩涢珮澶勩€?/p>

Clark-Wilson = 閾惰鏌滃彴锛屼笉鑳界洿鎺ユ敼璐︼紝鍙兘璧拌瀹氫氦鏄撱€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細BLP 绠℃満瀵嗘€э紝Biba 绠″畬鏁存€э紝Clark-Wilson 鐢ㄥ彈鎺т氦鏄撲繚鎶ゅ晢涓氬畬鏁存€с€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変笁濂楃郴缁熴€?/p>

绗竴濂楁槸鍐涗簨瀵嗙骇璧勬枡搴撱€?/p>

浣庡瘑绾у憳宸ヤ笉鑳借楂樺瘑绾ф枃浠讹紝楂樺瘑绾у憳宸ヤ篃涓嶈兘鎶婄瀵嗗啓鍒颁綆瀵嗙骇鍖哄煙銆?/p>

杩欐槸 Bell-LaPadula锛屼繚鎶ょ瀵嗕笉寰€涓嬫紡銆?/p>

绗簩濂楁槸鍏抽敭鐥呭巻绯荤粺銆?/p>

鍖荤敓涓嶈兘鎷夸綆鍙俊鏉ユ簮鐨勬暟鎹薄鏌撻珮鍙俊鐥呭巻锛屼綆瀹屾暣鎬х▼搴忎篃涓嶈兘鍐欒繘楂樺畬鏁存€ц褰曘€?/p>

杩欐槸 Biba锛屼繚鎶ゆ暟鎹笉琚薄鏌撱€?/p>

绗笁濂楁槸閾惰璐﹀姟绯荤粺銆?/p>

鏌滃憳涓嶈兘鐩存帴鏀逛綑棰濄€?/p>

蹇呴』閫氳繃瑙勫畾浜ゆ槗锛屾瘮濡傚瓨娆俱€佽浆璐︺€佸鏍革紝骞剁暀涓嬪璁¤褰曘€?/p>

杩欐槸 Clark-Wilson锛屼繚鎶ゅ晢涓氬畬鏁存€с€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?Bell-LaPadula锛屽厛鎯?confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?no read up锛堜笉涓婅锛夛紝鎰忔€濇槸浣庣骇鍒笉鑳借楂樼骇鍒€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?no write down锛堜笉涓嬪啓锛夛紝鎰忔€濇槸楂樼骇鍒笉鑳芥妸淇℃伅鍐欏埌浣庣骇鍒紝闃叉娉勫瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Biba锛屽厛鎯?integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?no read down锛堜笉涓嬭锛夛紝鎰忔€濇槸楂樺畬鏁存€т富浣撲笉鑳借浣庡畬鏁存€ф暟鎹紝闃叉薄鏌撱€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?no write up锛堜笉涓婂啓锛夛紝鎰忔€濇槸浣庡畬鏁存€т富浣撲笉鑳藉啓鍏ラ珮瀹屾暣鎬у璞°€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Clark-Wilson锛岀湅鍒?well-formed transaction锛堟牸寮忚壇濂界殑浜嬪姟锛夈€乻eparation of duties锛堣亴璐ｅ垎绂伙級銆乤uditing锛堝璁★級銆丆DI銆乀P銆両VP锛屽厛閫夊畠銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Bell-LaPadula锛氫繚瀵嗭紝绉樺瘑涓嶈兘寰€浣庡娉勩€?/p>

Biba锛氬畬鏁达紝楂樺畬鏁存€т笉鑳借浣庡畬鏁存€ф薄鏌撱€?/p>

Clark-Wilson锛氬晢涓氬畬鏁存€э紝鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘鐩存帴鏀瑰叧閿暟鎹紝蹇呴』閫氳繃鍙楁帶浜ゆ槗銆?/p>

Reference monitor / security kernel / TCB锛氭洿鍋忕郴缁熷己鍒惰闂鏌ユ満鍒讹紝涓嶆槸杩欎笁涓ā鍨嬬殑鐩爣鏈韩銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Reference Monitor / 鍙傝€冪洃瑙嗗櫒

Reference Monitor 杩欏紶鍗℃渶瀹规槗鑳屾垚涓€鍙ョ┖璇濓細鈥滆闂帶鍒剁殑鎶借薄鏈哄櫒鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鍍忚祫鏂欏闂ㄥ彛鍞竴鐨勯獙绁ㄥ憳锛屾瘡涓汉銆佹瘡涓▼搴忋€佹瘡娆℃兂纰版枃浠讹紝閮藉繀椤诲厛璁╁畠鏌ヤ竴閬嶈鍒欍€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Reference Monitor = 鍙傝€冪洃瑙嗗櫒銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄煇涓叿浣撴寜閽紝涔熶笉鏄煇涓櫘閫氳蒋浠躲€?/p>

瀹冩槸涓€涓畨鍏ㄨ璁℃€濇兂锛氭墍鏈?subject锛堜富浣擄細浜烘垨杩涚▼锛夎闂?object锛堝浣擄細鏂囦欢銆佹暟鎹簱銆佽澶囷級鏃讹紝閮借缁忚繃鍚屼竴涓鏌ョ偣銆?/p>

濡傛灉瑙勫垯璇翠綘鑳界湅锛屽畠鏀捐銆?/p>

濡傛灉瑙勫垯璇翠綘涓嶈兘鐪嬶紝瀹冩嫤浣忋€?/p>

閲嶇偣涓嶆槸鈥滄湁娌℃湁闂ㄥ崼鈥濄€?/p>

閲嶇偣鏄€滄湁娌℃湁浠讳綍涓€鏉″皬璺彲浠ョ粫杩囬棬鍗€濄€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Subject锛堜富浣擄級锛氫富鍔ㄥ彂璧疯闂殑浜恒€佺▼搴忔垨杩涚▼銆?/p>

Object锛堝浣擄級锛氳璁块棶鐨勬枃浠躲€佹暟鎹簱銆佸唴瀛樺尯鍩熴€佽澶囨垨璧勬簮銆?/p>

Mediates all access锛堜徊瑁佹墍鏈夎闂級锛氭瘡娆′富浣撶瀹綋锛岄兘瑕佸厛杩囨鏌ョ偣銆?/p>

Always invoked锛堟€昏璋冪敤锛夛細绯荤粺涓嶈兘璁╂煇浜涜闂伔鍋疯烦杩囧畠銆?/p>

Tamperproof锛堥槻绡℃敼锛夛細鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘鎶婃鏌ヨ€呭叧鎺夈€佹敼鎺夋垨娆洪獥鎺夈€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬敮涓€楠岀エ鍛樸€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滄墍鏈変汉閮借浠庡悓涓€涓彛杩団€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶棬鍙ｇ湅涓€鐪笺€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お寮憋紝Reference Monitor 涓嶆槸鍋跺皵鐪嬩竴鐪硷紝鑰屾槸姣忔閮界湅銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳祫鏂欏娌℃湁渚ч棬銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳借浣忊€滀笉鑳界粫杩団€濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃敮涓€楠岀エ鍛樷€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鐢ㄢ€滄病鏈変晶闂ㄣ€佷笉鑳界粫杩囥€佹瘡娆￠兘鏌モ€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Reference Monitor = 鍞竴楠岀エ鍛樸€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳祫鏂欏鍙湁涓€涓叆鍙ｏ紝璋佹兂鐪嬫枃浠堕兘瑕佷氦璇佷欢锛涢棬鍗瘡娆￠兘鏌ヨ鍒欙紝鑷繁涓嶈兘琚敹涔帮紝妫€鏌ヨ褰曚篃鑳借鍒汉澶嶆牳銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍙傝€冪洃瑙嗗櫒璐熻矗妫€鏌ユ墍鏈変富浣撳瀹綋鐨勮闂姹傦紝骞朵笖蹇呴』鎬昏璋冪敤銆佷笉鑳借绡℃敼銆佸彲浠ラ獙璇併€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変竴闂村鎴疯祫鏂欏銆?/p>

閿€鍞兂杩涘幓鐪嬪鎴峰悕鍗曘€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鎯宠繘鍘绘煡璁㈠崟銆?/p>

涓€涓悗鍙扮▼搴忎篃鎯宠繘鍘昏鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

浠ュ墠璧勬枡瀹ゆ湁姝ｉ棬銆佸悗闂ㄣ€佺獥鎴凤紝璋佺啛鎮夎矾閮借兘婧滆繘鍘汇€?/p>

鍚庢潵鍏徃鍙暀涓€涓叆鍙ｏ紝鍏ュ彛绔欑潃鍚屼竴涓獙绁ㄥ憳銆?/p>

姣忎釜浜烘瘡娆¤繘闂紝閮借璇存竻妤氳嚜宸辨槸璋併€佹兂鐪嬪摢浠借祫鏂欍€佹湁娌℃湁鏉冮檺銆?/p>

楠岀エ鍛樺彧鎸夎鍒欐斁琛屻€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Reference Monitor銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄湪璁测€滈棬鍗緢鍘夊鈥濄€?/p>

瀹冨湪璁茬郴缁熻璁￠噷蹇呴』鏈変竴涓笉浼氳缁曡繃鐨勮闂鏌ョ偣銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Reference Monitor锛堝弬鑰冪洃瑙嗗櫒锛夈€乵ediates all access锛堜徊瑁佹墍鏈夎闂級銆乤lways invoked锛堟€昏璋冪敤锛夛紝鍏堥€?Reference Monitor銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂闂帶鍒舵渶鏍稿績鐨勬娊璞℃満鍒舵槸浠€涔堬紝鍏堟兂 Reference Monitor銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍒楀嚭 complete mediation锛堝畬鍏ㄤ徊瑁侊級銆乼amperproof锛堥槻绡℃敼锛夈€乿erifiable锛堝彲楠岃瘉锛夛紝涔熷湪鎸?Reference Monitor銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝瀹為檯瀹炵幇杩欎釜鎬濇兂锛岀瓟妗堝彲鑳芥槸 Security Kernel锛堝畨鍏ㄥ唴鏍革級锛屼笉鏄?Reference Monitor 鏈韩銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Reference Monitor锛氭娊璞″師鍒欙紝鍍忊€滄墍鏈夎闂繀椤昏繃闂ㄥ崼鈥濄€?/p>

Security Kernel锛氬叿浣撳疄鐜帮紝鍍忕湡姝ｇ殑闂ㄧ绯荤粺銆?/p>

TCB锛氭洿澶х殑鍙俊鐝簳锛屽寘鍚墍鏈夎礋璐ｆ墽琛屽畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ョ殑纭欢銆佽蒋浠跺拰鍥轰欢銆?/p>

Firewall锛堥槻鐏锛夛細涓昏绠＄綉缁滆竟鐣岋紝涓嶇瓑浜?Reference Monitor銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Security Kernel / 瀹夊叏鍐呮牳

Security Kernel 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佺洿鎺ヨ儗鈥滃疄鐜板弬鑰冪洃瑙嗗櫒鈥濆氨缁撴潫銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歊eference Monitor 鏄€滄瘡娆￠兘鏌モ€濈殑鍘熷垯锛孲ecurity Kernel 鏄妸杩欎釜鍘熷垯鐪熸鍋氳繘绯荤粺閲岀殑鏍稿績闂ㄧ銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Security Kernel = 瀹夊叏鍐呮牳銆?/p>

瀹冩槸绯荤粺閲岃礋璐ｆ墽琛屽畨鍏ㄨ鍒欑殑鏍稿績閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

濡傛灉 Reference Monitor 鏄棬鍗埗搴︼紝Security Kernel 灏辨槸鍒峰崱鏈恒€侀棬閿併€佸悗鍙版潈闄愭鏌ョ▼搴忓拰鍏抽敭鎺у埗浠ｇ爜銆?/p>

瀹冭璁╄闂鏌ョ湡鐨勫彂鐢熴€?/p>

涓嶆槸鍐欏湪鍒跺害澧欎笂濂界湅銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Implements锛堝疄鐜帮級锛氭妸鎶借薄瑙勫垯鍋氭垚瀹為檯鑳借繍琛岀殑浠ｇ爜銆佺‖浠舵垨鍥轰欢銆?/p>

Security policy锛堝畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ワ級锛氱郴缁熻瀹氳皝鑳借闂粈涔堛€佹€庝箞璁块棶銆?/p>

Core of TCB锛圱CB 鐨勬牳蹇冿級锛歍CB 寰堝ぇ锛孲ecurity Kernel 鏄噷闈㈡渶鍏抽敭鐨勬墽琛岄儴浠躲€?/p>

Firmware锛堝浐浠讹級锛氬啓鍦ㄨ澶囬噷鐨勫簳灞傛帶鍒剁▼搴忋€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶棬绂佺郴缁熴€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠姣斺€滈棬鍗埗搴︹€濇洿鍏蜂綋锛岃兘璁颁綇鈥滆惤鍦板疄鐜扳€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭搷浣滅郴缁熷叏閮ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お澶т簡銆係ecurity Kernel 涓嶆槸鏁翠釜鎿嶄綔绯荤粺銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭牳蹇冨埛鍗℃満銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傚埛鍗℃満璐熻矗瀹為檯鍒ゆ柇寮€闂ㄨ繕鏄嫆缁濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅湡姝ｇ珯宀楃殑闂ㄧ绯荤粺鈥濄€傚畠鑳藉尯鍒?Reference Monitor 鐨勬娊璞℃蹇靛拰 Security Kernel 鐨勫叿浣撳疄鐜般€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Security Kernel = 鐪熸绔欏矖鐨勯棬绂佺郴缁熴€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬叕鍙歌瀹氣€滆繘璧勬枡瀹ゅ繀椤婚獙绁ㄢ€濆彧鏄?Reference Monitor锛涚湡姝ｈ闂ㄩ攣寮€涓嶅紑銆佸埛鍗¤繃涓嶈繃銆佽褰曠暀涓嶇暀鐨勬牳蹇冮棬绂佺郴缁燂紝灏辨槸 Security Kernel銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹夊叏鍐呮牳瀹炵幇鍙傝€冪洃瑙嗗櫒锛屾槸 TCB 涓礋璐ｅ己鍒跺畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ョ殑鏍稿績鏈哄埗銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鍏堝啓浜嗕竴鏉″埗搴︼細鎵€鏈変汉杩涜祫鏂欏閮借妫€鏌ユ潈闄愩€?/p>

杩欐潯鍒跺害鏈韩涓嶄細鎷︿汉銆?/p>

濡傛灉闂ㄨ繕鏄紑鐫€锛屽埗搴﹀氨鍙槸绾搞€?/p>

浜庢槸鎶€鏈汉鍛樿浜嗗埛鍗℃満銆侀棬閿併€佹潈闄愭暟鎹簱鍜屽悗鍙版鏌ョ▼搴忋€?/p>

閿€鍞埛鍗℃椂锛岀郴缁熸煡浠栬兘涓嶈兘鐪嬪鎴峰悕鍗曘€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鍒峰崱鏃讹紝绯荤粺鏌ヤ粬鑳戒笉鑳界湅璁㈠崟銆?/p>

闄岀敓绋嬪簭鎯崇洿鎺ヨ鏁版嵁搴擄紝闂ㄧ绯荤粺鎷︿綇銆?/p>

杩欏鐪熸鎵ц妫€鏌ョ殑鏍稿績閮ㄥ垎锛屽氨鏄?Security Kernel銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?what implements the reference monitor锛堜粈涔堝疄鐜板弬鑰冪洃瑙嗗櫒锛夛紝閫?Security Kernel銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?core of the TCB锛圱CB 鐨勬牳蹇冿級骞朵笖 enforces access control锛堝己鍒惰闂帶鍒讹級锛屽厛鎯?Security Kernel銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶鎶借薄妯″瀷鎴栬闂鏌ュ師鍒欙紝鎵嶆洿鍍?Reference Monitor銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?all hardware, software, and firmware锛堟墍鏈夌‖浠躲€佽蒋浠跺拰鍥轰欢锛変竴璧锋墽琛屽畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ワ紝鎵嶆洿鍍?TCB銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Reference Monitor锛氳鍒欐€濇兂銆?/p>

Security Kernel锛氭妸瑙勫垯钀藉湴鎵ц鐨勬牳蹇冦€?/p>

TCB锛氭墍鏈夊彲淇″畨鍏ㄩ儴浠剁殑鎬诲拰銆?/p>

OS Kernel锛堟搷浣滅郴缁熷唴鏍革級锛氭櫘閫氭搷浣滅郴缁熸牳蹇冿紝涓嶄竴瀹氱瓑浜庡畨鍏ㄥ唴鏍革紱棰樼洰瑕佺湅瀹冩槸涓嶆槸鍦ㄥ疄鐜板畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

TCB = Trusted Computing Base锛堝彲淇¤绠楀熀锛夈€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄竴鍧楀崟鐙姱鐗囥€?/p>

瀹冧篃涓嶆槸鏁村彴鐢佃剳鐨勬瘡涓€棰楄灪涓濄€?/p>

瀹冩槸鎵€鏈夎礋璐?enforce security policy锛堝己鍒舵墽琛屽畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ワ級鐨?hardware锛堢‖浠讹級銆乻oftware锛堣蒋浠讹級銆乫irmware锛堝浐浠讹級鍜屼繚鎶ゆ満鍒剁殑闆嗗悎銆?/p>

涓€鍙ヤ汉璇濓細绯荤粺闈犲摢浜涗笢瑗夸繚璇佲€滆鎷︾殑鎷︿綇銆佽鏀剧殑鏀捐鈥濓紝杩欎簺涓滆タ鍔犺捣鏉ュ氨鏄?TCB銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Trusted锛堝彲淇★級锛氫笉鏄€滃畠涓€瀹氬杽鑹€濓紝鑰屾槸鈥滃畨鍏ㄤ緷璧栧畠姝ｇ‘宸ヤ綔鈥濄€?/p>

Computing Base锛堣绠楀熀锛夛細鏀拺瀹夊叏鍒ゆ柇鐨勫熀纭€閮ㄤ欢銆?/p>

Protection mechanisms锛堜繚鎶ゆ満鍒讹級锛氳闂帶鍒躲€佹潈闄愭鏌ャ€侀殧绂汇€佸璁＄瓑鑳芥墽琛屽畨鍏ㄨ鍒欑殑鏈哄埗銆?/p>

Totality锛堟€诲拰锛夛細棰樼洰鍑虹幇鈥滃叏閮ㄤ繚鎶ゆ満鍒垛€濇椂锛屽父甯稿湪鎸?TCB銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭暣濂楀畨淇濈彮搴曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣?TCB 鏄竴缁勪笢瑗匡紝涓嶆槸涓€涓汉銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱數鑴戝簳搴с€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏄撹浼氭垚鐗╃悊搴曞骇銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶棬鍗€侀棬閿併€佺洃鎺с€佹姤璀﹀櫒涓€璧风畻銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傚畠鑳借浣忕‖浠躲€佽蒋浠躲€佸浐浠堕兘鍙兘绠楄繘鍘汇€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄暣濂楀畨淇濈彮搴曗€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滃畨鍏ㄩ潬璋佹拺浣忥紝璋佸氨鍦?TCB 閲屸€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

TCB = 鏁村鍙俊瀹変繚鐝簳銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳祫鏂欏涓嶆槸鍙潬涓€涓棬鍗畨鍏紝杩橀潬闂ㄩ攣銆佸埛鍗℃満銆佹潈闄愭暟鎹簱銆佸璁＄▼搴忓拰鎶ヨ鍣紱杩欎簺璐熻矗鎵ц瀹夊叏瑙勫垯鐨勫彲淇￠儴浠跺姞璧锋潵锛屽氨鏄?TCB銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍙俊璁＄畻鍩烘槸绯荤粺涓墍鏈夊己鍒舵墽琛屽畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ョ殑纭欢銆佽蒋浠躲€佸浐浠跺拰鏈哄埗鐨勯泦鍚堛€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄闂細鈥滄垜浠叕鍙歌祫鏂欏鍒板簳闈犱粈涔堜繚鎶わ紵鈥?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樿锛氣€滈潬闂ㄥ崼銆傗€?/p>

瀹¤璇达細鈥滀笉姝€傗€?/p>

濡傛灉闂ㄩ攣鍧忎簡锛岄棬鍗篃鎷︿笉浣忋€?/p>

濡傛灉鏉冮檺鏁版嵁搴撹鏀逛簡锛屽埛鍗℃満浼氭斁閿欎汉銆?/p>

濡傛灉瀹¤鏃ュ織琚垹浜嗭紝鍑轰簨鍚庢病浜虹煡閬撹皝杩涜繃闂ㄣ€?/p>

濡傛灉鎶ヨ鍣ㄥけ鏁堬紝澶滈噷鏈変汉鎾棬涔熸病浜哄彂鐜般€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ畨鍏ㄤ笉鏄潬鍗曠偣鑻遍泟銆?/p>

鎵€鏈夎绯荤粺淇′换銆佺敤鏉ユ墽琛屽畨鍏ㄨ鍒欑殑閮ㄤ欢锛屽悎璧锋潵鎵嶅彨 TCB銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Trusted Computing Base锛堝彲淇¤绠楀熀锛夛紝鐩存帴鎯冲埌鎵€鏈夊彲淇″畨鍏ㄩ儴浠剁殑鎬诲拰銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?total combination of protection mechanisms锛堜繚鎶ゆ満鍒剁殑鎬荤粍鍚堬級锛屽鍗婃槸 TCB銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍒楀嚭 hardware / software / firmware锛堢‖浠?/ 杞欢 / 鍥轰欢锛夊苟璇村畠浠?enforce security policy锛堝己鍒跺畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ワ級锛岄€?TCB銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂叿浣撳疄鐜?Reference Monitor 鐨勬牳蹇冿紝閫?Security Kernel锛屼笉閫夋暣涓?TCB銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

TCB锛氫竴鏁村鍙俊瀹夊叏閮ㄤ欢銆?/p>

Security Kernel锛歍CB 閲屾渶鏍稿績鐨勬墽琛岄儴浠躲€?/p>

Reference Monitor锛氳闂繀椤昏妫€鏌ョ殑鎶借薄姒傚康銆?/p>

TPM锛圱rusted Platform Module锛屽彲淇″钩鍙版ā鍧楋級锛氭槸涓€绉嶇‖浠跺畨鍏ㄨ姱鐗囷紝涓嶇瓑浜?TCB 鍏ㄩ儴銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Covert Channel / 闅愯斀閫氶亾

Covert Channel 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滃姞瀵嗛€氶亾鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄袱涓笉璇ラ€氫俊鐨勪汉锛屽伔鍋锋壘浜嗕竴鏉＄郴缁熸病鎵撶畻缁欎粬浠€氫俊鐨勫皬缂濅紶娑堟伅銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Covert Channel = 闅愯斀閫氶亾 / 闅愯斀淇￠亾銆?/p>

Covert 鐨勬剰鎬濅笉鏄€滃唴瀹瑰姞瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

瀹冪殑閲嶇偣鏄€滃伔鍋风粫杩囨甯稿畨鍏ㄨ鍒欌€濄€?/p>

姝ｅ父绯荤粺鍙兘绂佹涓や釜杩涚▼浜掔浉浼犳秷鎭€?/p>

浣嗗畠浠彲浠ョ害濂斤細CPU 蹇欎竴涓嬩唬琛?1锛岀┖涓€涓嬩唬琛?0锛涙垨鑰呮妸鏌愪釜鍏变韩鏂囦欢澶у皬鏀规潵鏀瑰幓浼犱俊鍙枫€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄殣钄介€氶亾銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Covert锛堥殣钄界殑锛夛細涓嶈蛋鍏紑銆佹甯搞€佽鍏佽鐨勯€氫俊鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

Channel锛堥€氶亾锛夛細鑳戒紶閫掍俊鎭殑璺緞銆?/p>

Storage锛堝瓨鍌級锛氱敤鏂囦欢銆佺鐩樼┖闂淬€侀攣鐘舵€併€佸叡浜彉閲忕瓑鈥滀笢瑗跨殑鐘舵€佲€濅紶閫掍俊鎭€?/p>

Timing锛堟椂闂达級锛氱敤蹇參銆佸欢杩熴€佽妭濂忋€丆PU 浣跨敤鍙樺寲浼犻€掍俊鎭€?/p>

Overt Channel锛堝叕寮€閫氶亾锛夛細绯荤粺鏈潵灏辩煡閬撱€佸厑璁搞€佽兘鐩戞帶鐨勬甯搁€氫俊閫氶亾銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭殫涓€掔焊鏉°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滀笉鑳芥槑璇达紝灏卞伔鍋蜂紶鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬姞瀵嗚亰澶┿€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚姞瀵嗚亰澶╄繕鏄甯搁€氶亾锛屽彧鏄唴瀹圭湅涓嶆噦锛涢殣钄介€氶亾鏄€氶亾鏈韩涓嶈瀛樺湪銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭暡妗屽瓙鎶ョ爜銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣?timing channel锛堟椂闂撮€氶亾锛夌敾闈€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄殫涓€掔焊鏉♀€濄€傝緟鍔╃敾闈㈢敤鈥滄敼鍏变韩鎶藉眽浼犵焊鏉♀€濆拰鈥滄暡妗岃妭濂忎紶鏁板瓧鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Covert Channel = 涓嶈鑱婂ぉ鐨勪汉锛屽€熺郴缁熺紳闅欏伔鍋蜂紶璇濄€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ヤ笉鍏佽 A 鍜?B 閫氫俊锛屼絾 A 鏁呮剰璁╃郴缁熷彉鎱€佸彉蹇紝鎴栬€呮敼涓€涓叡浜姸鎬侊紝B 浠庤繖浜涘彉鍖栭噷璇诲嚭娑堟伅銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闅愯斀閫氶亾鏄粫杩囨甯稿畨鍏ㄦ満鍒剁殑闈為鏈熼€氫俊璺緞锛屽父瑙佺被鍨嬫槸瀛樺偍閫氶亾鍜屾椂闂撮€氶亾銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃瑙勫畾涓や釜閮ㄩ棬涓嶈兘鐩存帴鍏变韩瀹㈡埛璧勬枡銆?/p>

浜庢槸绯荤粺涔熶笉鍏佽涓や釜绋嬪簭浜掔浉鍙戞秷鎭€?/p>

浣嗕竴涓▼搴忓彂鐜帮紝鍙︿竴涓▼搴忚兘鐪嬪埌鏌愪釜鍏变韩鐩綍杩樺墿澶氬皯绌洪棿銆?/p>

瀹冩兂浼?1锛屽氨濉炶繘涓€涓ぇ鏂囦欢銆?/p>

瀹冩兂浼?0锛屽氨鎶婂ぇ鏂囦欢鍒犳帀銆?/p>

鍙︿竴涓▼搴忓彧鐪嬬┖闂村彉澶ц繕鏄彉灏忥紝灏辫鍑轰簡娑堟伅銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Covert Storage Channel銆?/p>

鍙︿竴娆★紝瀹冧滑涓嶇敤鏂囦欢銆?/p>

涓€涓▼搴忔晠鎰忚绯荤粺蹇欎竴绉掋€侀棽涓€绉掞紝鐢ㄨ妭濂忎紶娑堟伅銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Covert Timing Channel銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?covert channel锛堥殣钄介€氶亾锛夈€乽nintended communication path锛堥潪棰勬湡閫氫俊璺緞锛夈€乥ypass security policy锛堢粫杩囧畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ワ級锛屽厛閫?Covert Channel銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?storage channel锛堝瓨鍌ㄩ€氶亾锛夛紝鐪嬪叡浜枃浠躲€佺鐩樼┖闂淬€侀攣銆佸彉閲忋€佽祫婧愮姸鎬併€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?timing channel锛堟椂闂撮€氶亾锛夛紝鐪嬪搷搴旀椂闂淬€丆PU 蹇欓棽銆佸欢杩熴€佽妭濂忋€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?encrypted channel锛堝姞瀵嗛€氶亾锛夛紝涓嶈鑷姩閫?covert銆傚姞瀵嗗彧鏄鍐呭涓嶅彲璇伙紝闅愯斀閫氶亾鏄伔鍋风粫寮€鏀跨瓥銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Covert Channel锛氱瀵嗛€氫俊璺緞锛岄噸鐐规槸缁曡繃瀹夊叏绛栫暐銆?/p>

Encrypted Channel锛堝姞瀵嗛€氶亾锛夛細姝ｅ父閫氶亾涓婃妸鍐呭鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

Backdoor锛堝悗闂級锛氬伔鍋风暀涓嬪叆鍙ｏ紝閲嶇偣鏄粫杩囩櫥褰曟垨缁存姢璁块棶銆?/p>

Tunnel锛堥毀閬擄級锛氭妸涓€绉嶆祦閲忓寘杩涘彟涓€绉嶆祦閲忛噷锛屽彲鑳藉悎娉曪紝涔熷彲鑳借婊ョ敤锛涢鐩鐪嬫槸鍚﹀己璋冪粫杩囩瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Trusted Path / 鍙俊璺緞

Trusted Path 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉啓鎴愨€滃畨鍏ㄩ€氶亾鈥濆氨缁撴潫銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠淇濊瘉浣犳槸鍦ㄥ拰鐪熸鐨勭郴缁熷畨鍏ㄦ牳蹇冭璇濓紝涓嶆槸鍦ㄥ亣鐧诲綍妗嗛噷鎶婂瘑鐮佷氦缁欏埆浜恒€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Trusted Path = 鍙俊璺緞銆?/p>

瀹冩槸涓€鏉＄敤鎴峰拰 TCB锛堝彲淇¤绠楀熀锛変箣闂寸殑鍙椾繚鎶ら€氫俊璺緞銆?/p>

閲嶇偣涓嶆槸鈥滅綉绾挎湁娌℃湁鍔犲瘑鈥濄€?/p>

閲嶇偣鏄€滀綘杈撳叆瀵嗙爜銆佹敼瀵嗙爜銆佸仛鏁忔劅璁よ瘉鏃讹紝瀵归潰鏄笉鏄湡鐨勭郴缁熷畨鍏ㄩ儴鍒嗏€濄€?/p>

濡傛灉鎭舵剰绋嬪簭寮瑰嚭涓€涓竴妯′竴鏍风殑鐧诲綍妗嗛獥浣犺緭鍏ュ瘑鐮侊紝閭ｅ氨涓嶆槸鍙俊璺緞銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Trusted锛堝彲淇★級锛氱敤鎴疯兘纭瀵归潰鏄湡鐨勭郴缁熷畨鍏ㄦ牳蹇冦€?/p>

Path锛堣矾寰勶級锛氱敤鎴疯緭鍏ュ拰绯荤粺鍥炲簲涔嬮棿鐨勯€氫俊绾胯矾銆?/p>

Spoofing锛堜吉閫狅級锛氬亣鐨勭獥鍙ｃ€佸亣鐨勭櫥褰曢〉銆佸亣鐨勬彁绀烘鍐掑厖绯荤粺銆?/p>

Secure attention key锛堝畨鍏ㄦ敞鎰忛敭锛夛細鐢ㄦ埛鎸変笅鍚庯紝鐢辩郴缁熺洿鎺ユ帴绠★紝鏅€氱▼搴忎笉鑳戒吉閫犮€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱‘璁ゆ槸鐪熺殑绐楀彛銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鎶撲綇 Trusted Path 鐨勬牳蹇冿細闃插亣绐楀彛銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬姞瀵嗙綉绾裤€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚彲淇¤矾寰勪笉鍙槸缃戠粶鍔犲瘑锛屽緢澶氭椂鍊欒鐨勬槸鐢ㄦ埛鍒版搷浣滅郴缁熷畨鍏ㄦ牳蹇冦€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬彧鍜屾湰浜洪€氳瘽鐨勪笓绾裤€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳借浣忊€滀笉琚腑闂翠汉鍐掑厖鈥濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅‘璁ゆ槸鐪熺殑绐楀彛鈥濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滆緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佸墠锛屽厛纭瀵归潰鏄郴缁熸湰浜衡€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Trusted Path = 浣犲拰绯荤粺鏈汉璇磋瘽鐨勫彲淇′笓绾裤€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬綋浣犺緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佹椂锛岀郴缁熻淇濊瘉杩欎釜鐧诲綍鐣岄潰鏄湡鐨?TCB 鍦ㄦ帴鏀讹紝涓嶆槸鎭舵剰绋嬪簭鐢诲嚭鏉ョ殑鍋囩獥鍙ｃ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍙俊璺緞鏄敤鎴蜂笌鍙俊璁＄畻鍩轰箣闂村彈淇濇姢銆佷笉鍙吉閫犮€佷笉鍙嫤鎴殑閫氫俊璺緞銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎵撳紑鐢佃剳锛屽睆骞曚笂寮瑰嚭涓€涓櫥褰曟銆?/p>

瀹冮暱寰楀拰鍏徃鐧诲綍鐣岄潰涓€妯′竴鏍枫€?/p>

濡傛灉灏忔灄鐩存帴杈撳叆瀵嗙爜锛屽彲鑳藉氨鎶婂瘑鐮侀€佺粰鎭舵剰绋嬪簭浜嗐€?/p>

鍏徃鍚庢潵瑙勫畾锛岀櫥褰曞墠蹇呴』鎸?Ctrl+Alt+Del銆?/p>

杩欎釜鎸夐敭缁勫悎鏅€氱▼搴忎笉鑳芥嫤鎴€?/p>

鎸変笅鍚庡嚭鐜扮殑鐧诲綍鐣岄潰锛岀敱鎿嶄綔绯荤粺瀹夊叏鏍稿績鎺ョ銆?/p>

灏忔灄杩欐椂鎵嶇煡閬擄細鐜板湪涓嶆槸鍦ㄥ拰鍋囩獥鍙ｈ璇濓紝鑰屾槸鍦ㄥ拰鐪熸鐨勭郴缁熻璇濄€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Trusted Path銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Trusted Path锛堝彲淇¤矾寰勶級銆乻ecure communication with TCB锛堜笌 TCB 鐨勫畨鍏ㄩ€氫俊锛夈€乻ecure attention key锛堝畨鍏ㄦ敞鎰忛敭锛夛紝鍏堥€?Trusted Path銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?fake login screen锛堝亣鐧诲綍鐣岄潰锛夈€乻poofed login prompt锛堜吉閫犵櫥褰曟彁绀猴級锛屼篃鍦ㄨ€?Trusted Path銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂綉缁滀袱绔暟鎹紶杈撳姞瀵嗭紝鍙兘鏄?TLS锛堜紶杈撳眰瀹夊叏锛夋垨 VPN锛堣櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉缁滐級锛屼笉涓€瀹氭槸 Trusted Path銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Trusted Path锛氱敤鎴峰拰绯荤粺瀹夊叏鏍稿績涔嬮棿鐨勫彲淇′氦浜掋€?/p>

TLS / SSL锛氱綉缁滈€氫俊鍔犲瘑鍗忚銆?/p>

VPN锛氭妸杩滅▼缃戠粶杩炴垚瀹夊叏闅ч亾銆?/p>

Authentication锛堣璇侊級锛氳瘉鏄庝綘鏄皝锛汿rusted Path 鏄璁よ瘉杩囩▼涓嶈鍋囩晫闈㈤獥璧般€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Orange Book = 姗欑毊涔︺€?/p>

姝ｅ紡鍚嶅彨 TCSEC = Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria锛堝彲淇¤绠楁満绯荤粺璇勪环鍑嗗垯锛夈€?/p>

瀹冩槸缇庡浗 DoD锛圖epartment of Defense锛岀編鍥藉浗闃查儴锛夋棭鏈熺敤鏉ヨ瘎浼拌绠楁満绯荤粺瀹夊叏鎬х殑鏍囧噯銆?/p>

瀹冨挨鍏跺亸閲?confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄幇浠ｆ渶甯哥敤鐨勫浗闄呰瘎浼版鏋躲€?/p>

鐜颁唬鑰冭瘯閲岀粡甯告妸瀹冨拰 Common Criteria锛堥€氱敤鍑嗗垯锛夋斁鍦ㄤ竴璧疯浣犲尯鍒嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

D锛歁inimal Protection锛堟渶浣庝繚鎶わ級銆?/p>

C1 / C2锛欴iscretionary Protection锛堣嚜涓讳繚鎶わ級锛屾洿鍍忕敤鎴锋垨璧勬簮鎵€鏈夎€呮帶鍒惰闂€?/p>

B1 / B2 / B3锛歁andatory Protection锛堝己鍒朵繚鎶わ級锛屾湁鏍囩銆佸己鍒惰闂帶鍒跺拰鏇翠弗鏍艰璁°€?/p>

A1锛歏erified Protection锛堥獙璇佷繚鎶わ級锛岃姹傚舰寮忓寲璁捐鍜岄獙璇併€?/p>

Rainbow Series锛堝僵铏圭郴鍒楋級锛氫竴缁勪笉鍚岄鑹插皝闈㈢殑瀹夊叏鏍囧噯锛孫range Book 鏄叾涓竴鏈€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭鑹叉垚缁╁唽銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣?Orange Book 鏄瘎浼扮瓑绾с€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱幇浠ｅ浗闄呰瘉涔︺€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄?Common Criteria 鐨勫懗閬擄紝涓嶆槸 Orange Book銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭棫鍐涙柟淇濆瘑鑰冭瘯銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬮挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳借浣?DoD 鍜?confidentiality銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄棫鍐涙柟姗欒壊鎴愮哗鍐屸€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€淒/C/B/A 寰€涓婅秺鏉ヨ秺涓ユ牸锛岄噸鐐圭湅淇濆瘑鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Orange Book / TCSEC = 鏃у啗鏂规鑹插畨鍏ㄦ垚缁╁唽銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬浗闃查儴鍍忕粰淇濋櫓鏌滆€冭瘯涓€鏍凤紝鎸?D銆丆銆丅銆丄 缁欑郴缁熶繚鎶ょ瀵嗙殑鑳藉姏鎵撶瓑绾э紱瓒婂線涓婏紝寮哄埗璁块棶鎺у埗鍜岄獙璇佽姹傝秺涓ユ牸銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細TCSEC 鏄棭鏈熺編鍥藉彲淇¤绠楁満绯荤粺璇勪环鍑嗗垯锛屽亸閲嶆満瀵嗘€э紝鍚庢潵琚?Common Criteria 鍙栦唬銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕侀噰璐竴濂楀鐞嗘満瀵嗘枃浠剁殑绯荤粺銆?/p>

鑰佹爣鍑嗘椂浠ｏ紝璇勬祴浜哄憳鎷垮嚭涓€鏈鑹插唽瀛愩€?/p>

浠栦滑涓嶆槸鍏堥棶鐣岄潰濂戒笉濂界湅銆?/p>

浠栦滑闂細浣庣骇鍒敤鎴疯兘涓嶈兘鍋风湅楂樼骇鍒枃浠讹紵

绉樺瘑浼氫笉浼氳鍐欏埌浣庣骇鍒尯鍩燂紵

绯荤粺鏈夋病鏈夊己鍒惰闂帶鍒讹紵

瀹夊叏璁捐鏈夋病鏈夎楠岃瘉锛?/p>

鏈€宸殑绯荤粺鍙兘鎷?D銆?/p>

鏈夊熀鏈嚜涓讳繚鎶ょ殑鏄?C銆?/p>

寮€濮嬪仛寮哄埗璁块棶鎺у埗鐨勬槸 B銆?/p>

鍋氬埌褰㈠紡鍖栭獙璇佺殑鏄?A銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Orange Book / TCSEC 鐨勭敾闈€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Orange Book锛堟鐨功锛夈€乀CSEC锛堝彲淇¤绠楁満绯荤粺璇勪环鍑嗗垯锛夈€丏oD锛堢編鍥藉浗闃查儴锛夈€丷ainbow Series锛堝僵铏圭郴鍒楋級锛屽厛閫?TCSEC銆?/p>

棰樼洰寮鸿皟 confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級銆丅ell-LaPadula锛堣礉灏?鎷夊笗鏉滄媺锛夈€丏/C/B/A 绛夌骇锛屼篃澶氬崐鏄?TCSEC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ISO/IEC 15408锛堝浗闄呮爣鍑嗙紪鍙凤級銆乀OE锛堣瘎浼板璞★級銆丳P锛堜繚鎶よ疆寤擄級銆丼T锛堝畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囷級銆丒AL锛堣瘎浼颁繚璇佺骇锛夛紝閭ｆ槸 Common Criteria銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

TCSEC / Orange Book锛氭棫鐨勭編鍥藉浗闃查儴鏍囧噯锛屽亸鏈哄瘑鎬с€?/p>

Common Criteria锛氱幇浠ｅ浗闄呰瘎浼版鏋讹紝浣跨敤 TOE銆丳P銆丼T銆丒AL銆?/p>

Bell-LaPadula锛氫繚瀵嗘ā鍨嬶紝涓嶆槸璇勪及鏍囧噯鏈韩銆?/p>

NIST锛氬彂甯冨畨鍏ㄦ寚鍗楀拰妗嗘灦鐨勭編鍥芥満鏋勶紝涓嶇瓑浜?Orange Book銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Common Criteria / 閫氱敤鍑嗗垯

Common Criteria 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€淓AL 绛夌骇鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鍍忓浗闄呴€氱敤鐨勪骇鍝佸畨鍏ㄦ祴璇勬姤鍛婏紝鍏堣瑕佽瘎浠€涔堬紝鍐嶈鎸変粈涔堣姹傝瘎锛屾渶鍚庣粰鍑鸿瘎浼颁繚璇佹繁搴︺€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Common Criteria = 閫氱敤鍑嗗垯銆?/p>

瀹冪殑姝ｅ紡鏍囧噯缂栧彿鏄?ISO/IEC 15408銆?/p>

瀹冪敤鏉ヨ瘎浼板畨鍏ㄤ骇鍝佹垨绯荤粺鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ姛鑳藉拰淇濊瘉绋嬪害銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄竴鍙モ€滆繖涓骇鍝佺粷瀵瑰畨鍏ㄢ€濄€?/p>

瀹冩洿鍍忚瘎娴嬫姤鍛婏細杩欎釜浜у搧璇磋嚜宸辫兘鍋氬埌鍝簺瀹夊叏鐩爣锛岃瘎娴嬫満鏋勬寜澶氭繁鐨勭▼搴︽鏌ヨ繃銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Common锛堥€氱敤锛夛細澶氬浗璁ゅ彲鐨勫叡鍚岃瘎浼拌瑷€銆?/p>

Criteria锛堝噯鍒欙級锛氳瘎娴嬫椂浣跨敤鐨勪竴濂楄鍒欍€?/p>

TOE锛堣瘎浼板璞★級锛氳繖娆¤璇勭殑鍏蜂綋涓滆タ銆?/p>

PP锛堜繚鎶よ疆寤擄級锛氫竴绫讳骇鍝佸簲璇ユ弧瓒崇殑瀹夊叏闇€姹傘€?/p>

ST锛堝畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囷級锛氳繖涓骇鍝佽嚜宸卞０绉拌婊¤冻鐨勫畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囥€?/p>

EAL1-EAL7锛堣瘎浼颁繚璇佺骇 1 鍒?7锛夛細璇勪及浠庡姛鑳芥祴璇曞埌褰㈠紡鍖栭獙璇侀€愭鍔犳繁銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬浗闄呮祴璇勬姤鍛婂崱銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忚繖鏄瘎浼版鏋躲€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬畨鍏ㄦ弧鍒嗚瘉涔︺€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侲AL 涓嶆槸缁濆瀹夊叏鍒嗘暟銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫拱鏂归渶姹傘€佸巶鍟嗘壙璇恒€佽瘎娴嬬瓑绾с€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滅粨鏋勯挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳藉搴?PP銆丼T銆丒AL銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃浗闄呮祴璇勬姤鍛婂崱鈥濄€傝緟鍔╃粨鏋勬槸鈥淭OE 琚瘎銆丳P 鎻愯姹傘€丼T 鍐欐壙璇恒€丒AL 琛ㄧず鏌ュ娣扁€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Common Criteria = 鍥介檯瀹夊叏娴嬭瘎鎶ュ憡鍗°€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬厛鎶婁骇鍝佹斁鍒版涓婂綋 TOE锛屽啀鐪嬭涓氶渶姹?PP锛屽巶鍟嗗啓鍑?ST锛岃瘎娴嬫満鏋勬寜 EAL1 鍒?EAL7 鐨勬繁搴﹀幓鏌ャ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細閫氱敤鍑嗗垯鏄?ISO/IEC 15408 涓嬬殑瀹夊叏璇勪及妗嗘灦锛岀敤 TOE銆丳P銆丼T銆丒AL 鎻忚堪璇勪及瀵硅薄銆侀渶姹傘€佺洰鏍囧拰淇濊瘉绾с€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佷拱涓€娆鹃槻鐏銆?/p>

鍘傚晢璇达細鈥滄垜寰堝畨鍏ㄣ€傗€?/p>

璇勬祴鏈烘瀯璇达細鈥滀笉鑳藉彧鍠婂彛鍙枫€傗€?/p>

鍏堢‘瀹?TOE锛氳繖娆¤瘎鐨勫埌搴曟槸鍝竴娆鹃槻鐏銆佸摢涓増鏈€佸摢浜涙ā鍧椼€?/p>

鍐嶇湅 PP锛氳繖绫婚槻鐏閫氬父搴旇婊¤冻鍝簺瀹夊叏闇€姹傘€?/p>

鍘傚晢鍐?ST锛氭垜鐨勪骇鍝佸叿浣撴壙璇烘弧瓒冲摢浜涚洰鏍囥€?/p>

鏈€鍚庤瘎娴嬫満鏋勬寜 EAL 鍋氭鏌ャ€?/p>

EAL1 鍙兘鍙槸鍔熻兘娴嬭瘯銆?/p>

EAL7 鍒欎細璧板埌闈炲父涓ユ牸鐨勫舰寮忓寲璁捐鍜岄獙璇併€?/p>

浣嗘槸灏忔灄涓嶈兘鎶?EAL 褰撴垚鈥滄案杩滀笉浼氳鏀荤牬鈥濈殑淇濊瘉銆?/p>

瀹冨彧璇存槑杩欎釜浜у搧鎸夋煇涓繁搴﹁璇勮繃銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Common Criteria锛堥€氱敤鍑嗗垯锛夋垨 ISO/IEC 15408锛屽厛閫?Common Criteria銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?TOE锛圱arget of Evaluation锛岃瘎浼板璞★級锛屽氨鏄璇勬祴鐨勫叿浣撲骇鍝佹垨绯荤粺銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?PP锛圥rotection Profile锛屼繚鎶よ疆寤擄級锛屾兂鈥滈€氱敤闇€姹傛ā鏉库€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?ST锛圫ecurity Target锛屽畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囷級锛屾兂鈥滃巶鍟嗗杩欎釜浜у搧鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ壙璇衡€濄€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?EAL锛圗valuation Assurance Level锛岃瘎浼颁繚璇佺骇锛夛紝鎯斥€滆瘎浼版繁搴︹€濓紝涓嶈绛旀垚鈥滅粷瀵瑰畨鍏ㄧ▼搴︹€濄€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Common Criteria锛氱幇浠ｅ浗闄呰瘎浼版鏋躲€?/p>

TCSEC / Orange Book锛氭洿鏃╃殑缇庡浗鍥介槻閮ㄨ瘎浼版爣鍑嗐€?/p>

EAL锛氳瘎浼颁繚璇佹繁搴︼紝涓嶆槸浜у搧鏃犳紡娲炰繚璇併€?/p>

Certification锛堣璇侊級锛氶€氳繃鏌愪釜璇勪及娴佺▼锛涗笉浠ｈ〃閮ㄧ讲鍚庡氨涓嶉渶瑕侀厤缃€佽ˉ涓佸拰鐩戞帶銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Remanence / 鏁版嵁娈嬬暀

Data Remanence 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滃垹闄ゅ悗杩樻湁鏁版嵁鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氫綘浠ヤ负鏂囦欢鍒犱簡锛屽叾瀹炰粙璐ㄤ笂鍙兘杩樼暀鐫€褰卞瓙锛屾噦宸ュ叿鐨勪汉杩樿兘鎶婂奖瀛愭壘鍥炴潵銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Remanence = 鏁版嵁娈嬬暀銆?/p>

瀹冩寚鏁版嵁鍦ㄨ delete锛堝垹闄わ級銆乫ormat锛堟牸寮忓寲锛夈€乪rase锛堟摝闄わ級鎴?power off锛堟柇鐢碉級浠ュ悗锛屼粛鐒朵互鏌愮褰㈠紡鐣欏湪浠嬭川涓娿€?/p>

鐢佃剳鍒犻櫎鏂囦欢鏃讹紝寰堝鏃跺€欏彧鏄妸鐩綍閲屸€滆繖鏈功杩樺湪杩欓噷鈥濈殑鐧昏鍒掓帀銆?/p>

涔﹂〉鏈韩鍙兘杩樺湪涔︽灦涓娿€?/p>

鍙娌′汉鎶婇偅浜涗綅缃鐩栨帀锛屾仮澶嶅伐鍏峰氨鍙兘鎵惧洖鏉ャ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Residual data锛堟畫浣欐暟鎹級锛氱湅浼兼病浜嗭紝浣嗚繕鍙兘鎭㈠鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>

Slack space锛堢┖闅欑┖闂达級锛氭枃浠舵病鏈夊畬鍏ㄥ崰婊＄殑纾佺洏鍧楅噷鍓╀笅鐨勭┖闂达紝鍙兘娈嬬暀鏃у唴瀹广€?/p>

Magnetic remanence锛堢鎬ф畫鐣欙級锛氱鎬т粙璐ㄤ笂鍙兘鐣欎笅鐨勬棫淇″彿鐥曡抗銆?/p>

Cold boot锛堝喎鍚姩锛夛細鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍐呭瓨鏂數鍚庣煭鏃堕棿鍐呬粛鍙兘娈嬬暀淇℃伅銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭摝鎺夊悗杩樼暀褰便€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滀互涓烘病浜嗭紝鍏跺疄杩樻湁鐥曡抗鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳嚜鍔ㄥ浠姐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚浠芥槸鏁呮剰鐣欏壇鏈紝鏁版嵁娈嬬暀鏄粙璐ㄤ笂娌℃竻骞插噣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱櫧鏉挎贰鐥曘€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傛摝杩囩殑鐧芥澘鍑戣繎杩樿兘鐪嬪埌鏃у瓧銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄摝鎺夊悗杩樼暀褰扁€濄€傝緟鍔╃敾闈㈢敤鈥滅洰褰曞垹浜嗭紝涔﹂〉杩樺湪鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Remanence = 鏁版嵁琚摝鎺変互鍚庣暀涓嬬殑褰卞瓙銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬垹闄ゆ枃浠跺儚鎶婂浘涔︾洰褰曢噷鐨勭储寮曞垝鎺夛紝鐪熸鐨勪功椤靛彲鑳借繕韬哄湪鍘熶綅缃紝鐩村埌琚鐩栥€佸噣鍖栨垨閿€姣併€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁娈嬬暀鏄垹闄ゆ垨鏂數鍚庝粛瀛樺湪浜庝粙璐ㄤ笂鐨勫彲鎭㈠鏁版嵁鐥曡抗銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎶婃棫绗旇鏈崠鎺夊墠锛屾妸瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟鏂囦欢鎷栬繘鍥炴敹绔欙紝鍙堟竻绌哄洖鏀剁珯銆?/p>

浠栦互涓鸿祫鏂欐病浜嗐€?/p>

涔板鐢ㄦ仮澶嶅伐鍏蜂竴鎵紝鍙戠幇鍘熸潵鐨勬枃浠跺唴瀹硅繕鍦ㄧ鐩樺潡閲屻€?/p>

鍥犱负鍒犻櫎鍙槸鍛婅瘔绯荤粺鈥滆繖鍧楃┖闂村彲浠ヤ互鍚庡啀鐢ㄢ€濄€?/p>

鍦ㄦ柊鏁版嵁瑕嗙洊涔嬪墠锛屾棫鍐呭鍙兘杩樿汉鍦ㄩ偅閲屻€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Data Remanence銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍏徃澶勭悊鐨勬槸瀹㈡埛璧勬枡銆佸瘑閽ャ€佺梾鍘嗘垨璐㈠姟鏁版嵁锛屽彧鍒犻櫎鏂囦欢杩滆繙涓嶅銆?/p>

蹇呴』鎸変粙璐ㄧ被鍨嬪拰鏁版嵁鏁忔劅绋嬪害鍋氬噣鍖栨垨閿€姣併€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data remanence锛堟暟鎹畫鐣欙級銆乺esidual data锛堟畫浣欐暟鎹級銆乨eleted but recoverable锛堝垹闄ゅ悗浠嶅彲鎭㈠锛夛紝鍏堥€?Data Remanence銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂负浠€涔堟棫纭洏鎶ュ簾鍓嶈娓呯悊锛屽師鍥犲氨鏄?Data Remanence銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?slack space锛堢┖闅欑┖闂达級鍙兘钘忔棫鏁版嵁锛屼篃鏄湪鑰冩暟鎹畫鐣欍€?/p>

棰樼洰闂叿浣撴€庝箞澶勭悊娈嬬暀锛屾墠杩涘叆 Media Sanitization锛堜粙璐ㄥ噣鍖栵級鎴栧叿浣撴柟娉曘€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Remanence锛氶棶棰樻湰韬紝鏁版嵁杩樻畫鐣欍€?/p>

Backup锛堝浠斤級锛氭晠鎰忓鍒朵竴浠藉鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Cache锛堢紦瀛橈級锛氫负浜嗗姞閫熶复鏃朵繚瀛樻暟鎹紝鍙兘閫犳垚娈嬬暀椋庨櫓锛屼絾涓嶆槸鎵€鏈夋畫鐣欓兘鍙紦瀛樸€?/p>

Media Sanitization锛氳В鍐虫暟鎹畫鐣欑殑澶勭悊娴佺▼銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Media Sanitization = 浠嬭川鍑€鍖?/ 浠嬭川娓呯悊銆?/p>

Media锛堜粙璐級灏辨槸瀛樻暟鎹殑涓滆タ銆?/p>

姣斿纭洏銆丼SD銆佺甯︺€乁 鐩樸€佸厜鐩樸€佹墜鏈恒€佹墦鍗版満纭洏銆?/p>

Sanitization锛堝噣鍖栵級涓嶆槸绠€鍗曞垹闄ゃ€?/p>

瀹冩槸涓€鏁村澶勭悊娴佺▼锛氭牴鎹暟鎹湁澶氭晱鎰熴€佷粙璐ㄦ槸浠€涔堛€佽繕瑕佷笉瑕佺户缁敤锛岄€夋嫨娓呴櫎銆佸噣鍖栨垨閿€姣併€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Clear锛堟竻闄わ級锛氭妸鏁版嵁瑕嗙洊鎴栭噸缃紝闄嶄綆鏅€氭仮澶嶉闄┿€?/p>

Purge锛堝噣鍖栵級锛氱敤鏇村己鏂瑰紡娓呯悊锛岀洰鏍囨槸璁╂洿涓撲笟鐨勬仮澶嶄篃寰堥毦鎴愬姛銆?/p>

Destroy锛堥攢姣侊級锛氬垏纰庛€佺矇纰庛€佺剼鐑с€佺啍姣侊紝璁╀粙璐ㄦ棤娉曞啀鎭㈠鍜屼娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

NIST SP 800-88锛堢編鍥藉浗瀹舵爣鍑嗕笌鎶€鏈爺绌堕櫌浠嬭川鍑€鍖栨寚鍗楋級锛氳€冭瘯甯歌鐨勪粙璐ㄥ噣鍖栨寚鍗椼€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭棫鏈瓙鍑洪棬鍓嶆礂骞插噣銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滀粙璐ㄧ寮€鍏徃鍓嶈澶勭悊鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬彧鎸夊垹闄ら敭銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚垹闄や笉鏄彲闈犲噣鍖栥€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭竻銆佸噣銆佹瘉涓夋。銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滅粨鏋勯挬瀛愩€傚畠瀵瑰簲 clear銆乸urge銆乨estroy銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄棫鏈瓙鍑洪棬鍓嶆礂骞插噣鈥濄€傝緟鍔╃粨鏋勬槸鈥滄竻銆佸噣銆佹瘉涓夋。鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Media Sanitization = 瀛樺偍浠嬭川鍑洪棬鍓嶏紝鎸夋晱鎰熷害鍋氭竻銆佸噣銆佹瘉銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭櫘閫氳祫鏂欏彲鑳芥竻闄ゅ悗缁х画鐢紝鏁忔劅璧勬枡鍙兘瑕佸噣鍖栧悗鍐嶆祦杞紝鏈€楂樻晱鎰熸垨鎶ュ簾浠嬭川鐩存帴閿€姣併€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細浠嬭川鍑€鍖栨槸涓轰簡澶勭悊鏁版嵁娈嬬暀锛屾寜鏁版嵁鍒嗙被銆佷粙璐ㄧ被鍨嬪拰閲嶇敤瑕佹眰閫夋嫨娓呴櫎銆佸噣鍖栨垨閿€姣併€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃瑕佹窐姹颁竴鎵规棫璁惧銆?/p>

绗竴鍙扮數鑴戝彧瀛樿繃鍏紑鍩硅璧勬枡锛岃繕瑕佺粰鍐呴儴鍛樺伐缁х画浣跨敤銆?/p>

鍙互鍋氭竻闄ゃ€?/p>

绗簩鍧楃‖鐩樺瓨杩囧鎴疯祫鏂欙紝瑕佷氦缁欏閮ㄧ淮淇晢銆?/p>

鏅€氬垹闄や笉澶燂紝鍙兘瑕佸仛鏇村己鐨勫噣鍖栥€?/p>

绗笁鍧楃鐩樺瓨杩囧瘑閽ュ拰鏁忔劅璐㈠姟璧勬枡锛岃€屼笖涓嶉渶瑕佸啀鐢ㄣ€?/p>

鍏徃鐩存帴璧伴攢姣佹祦绋嬶紝绮夌骞朵繚鐣欓攢姣佽褰曘€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Media Sanitization銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄竴鎷涜蛋澶╀笅銆?/p>

瀹冩槸鍏堢湅鏁版嵁鏈夊鏁忔劅锛屽啀鐪嬩粙璐ㄦ槸浠€涔堬紝鏈€鍚庡喅瀹氭竻銆佸噣銆佹瘉銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?media sanitization锛堜粙璐ㄥ噣鍖栵級銆乻anitize media锛堟竻鐞嗕粙璐級銆乺euse or disposal锛堥噸鐢ㄦ垨鎶ュ簾锛夛紝鍏堟兂娓呫€佸噣銆佹瘉涓夋。銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂鐞嗘暟鎹畫鐣欑殑鎬绘祦绋嬶紝閫?Media Sanitization銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂渶瀹夊叏銆佹渶楂樹繚璇併€佷笉鑳介噸鐢紝閫氬父閫?Destruction锛堥攢姣侊級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂繕瑕佺户缁娇鐢ㄤ粙璐紝灏变笉瑕佹€ョ潃閫夌墿鐞嗛攢姣併€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Remanence锛氫负浠€涔堣鍑€鍖栵紝鍥犱负鏁版嵁浼氭畫鐣欍€?/p>

Media Sanitization锛氭€绘祦绋嬶紝鍐冲畾鎬庝箞澶勭悊浠嬭川銆?/p>

Secure Erase锛氫竴绉嶆摝闄ゆ柟娉曘€?/p>

Degaussing锛氫竴绉嶆秷纾佹柟娉曪紝涓昏鐢ㄤ簬纾佹€т粙璐ㄣ€?/p>

Destruction锛氱墿鐞嗛攢姣侊紝鏈€褰诲簳浣嗕笉鑳介噸鐢ㄣ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Secure Erase = 瀹夊叏鎿﹂櫎銆?/p>

Degaussing = 娑堢銆?/p>

Destruction = 閿€姣併€?/p>

瀹冧滑閮芥槸澶勭悊 Data Remanence锛堟暟鎹畫鐣欙級鐨勬柟娉曪紝浣嗛€傜敤鍦烘櫙涓嶄竴鏍枫€?/p>

鏅€?delete锛堝垹闄わ級鍜?quick format锛堝揩閫熸牸寮忓寲锛夐€氬父涓嶅銆?/p>

鑰冭瘯鏈€鐖遍棶锛氬摢绉嶄粙璐ㄨ鐢ㄥ摢绉嶆柟娉曘€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Secure Erase锛堝畨鍏ㄦ摝闄わ級锛氳璁惧鎸夊唴寤烘満鍒舵竻鐞嗘暟鎹尯鍩熴€?/p>

Crypto Erase锛堝姞瀵嗘摝闄わ級锛氶攢姣佸姞瀵嗗瘑閽ワ紝璁╁姞瀵嗘暟鎹棤娉曡В寮€銆?/p>

Degaussing锛堟秷纾侊級锛氱牬鍧忕鎬т粙璐ㄤ笂鐨勭鍦烘帓鍒椼€?/p>

Destruction锛堥攢姣侊級锛氱墿鐞嗙牬鍧忎粙璐紝涓嶈拷姹傜户缁娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Optical media锛堝厜瀛︿粙璐級锛欳D銆丏VD銆佽摑鍏夌洏锛屼笉鑳介潬娑堢澶勭悊銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳蒋鎿︺€佸己纾併€佺牳纰庛€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸涓夌被鍔ㄤ綔鍖哄垎寮€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬叏閮ㄦ秷纾併€?/p>

娣樻卑銆係SD 鍜屽厜鐩樹笉鑳介潬娑堢銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳繕瑕佺敤灏辨摝锛屼笉鐢ㄥ氨姣併€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆€冭瘯鍒ゆ柇銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滈噸鐢ㄩ渶姹傗€濆緢鍏抽敭銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆蒋鎿︺€佸己纾併€佺牳纰庘€濄€傝緟鍔╁垽鏂槸鈥滃厛鐪嬩粙璐紝鍐嶇湅杩樿涓嶈閲嶇敤鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Secure Erase / Degaussing / Destruction = 杞摝銆佸己纾併€佺牳纰庛€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳繕鎯崇户缁敤璁惧锛屽厛鐪嬪畨鍏ㄦ摝闄わ紱纾佸甫鍜屾満姊扮‖鐩樺彲浠ユ秷纾侊紱楂樺害鏁忔劅銆佹姤搴熴€佷笉鍐嶉噸鐢ㄦ椂锛岀洿鎺ョ矇纰庛€佺剼鐑ф垨鐔旀瘉銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細涓嶅悓浠嬭川瑕侀€変笉鍚屽噣鍖栨柟娉曪紝娑堢鍙€傚悎纾佹€т粙璐紝閿€姣佹渶褰诲簳浣嗕粙璐ㄤ笉鍙啀鐢ㄣ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄妗屼笂鏈変笁鏍锋棫浠嬭川銆?/p>

绗竴鍧?SSD 杩樻兂缁欏憳宸ョ户缁敤銆?/p>

浠栦笉鑳藉彧鍒犳枃浠讹紝涔熶笉鑳芥寚鏈涙櫘閫氳鐩栦竴瀹氳鐩栧埌鎵€鏈夌墿鐞嗕綅缃€?/p>

浠栦紭鍏堣€冭檻 Secure Erase 鎴?Crypto Erase銆?/p>

绗簩鍗风甯﹁鎶ュ簾銆?/p>

纾佸甫闈犵鎬т繚瀛樻暟鎹紝鍙互鐢?Degaussing 娑堢銆?/p>

绗笁寮犱竴娆℃€у埢褰?DVD 瀛樿繃鏁忔劅璧勬枡銆?/p>

DVD 涓嶆槸纾佹€т粙璐紝娑堢娌＄敤銆?/p>

鍏徃閫夋嫨鐗╃悊閿€姣併€?/p>

濡傛灉鏄竴鎵规渶楂樻晱鎰熺‖鐩橈紝鑰屼笖涓嶉渶瑕佸啀鐢紝鍏徃涔熷彲浠ョ洿鎺ョ矇纰庛€佺剼鐑с€佺啍姣侊紝骞朵繚鐣欓攢姣佽瘉鏄庛€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?most ineffective method to remove data锛堟渶鏃犳晥鐨勬暟鎹Щ闄ゆ柟娉曪級锛岀湅鍒版櫘閫?erase/delete锛堝垹闄わ級閫氬父瑕佸皬蹇冿紝瀹冨父甯告渶寮便€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?magnetic tape锛堢甯︼級鎴?magnetic media锛堢鎬т粙璐級锛孌egaussing 鍙兘姝ｇ‘銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SSD锛堝浐鎬佺‖鐩橈級锛屼笉瑕侀€?Degaussing锛涘父鐪?Secure Erase銆丆rypto Erase 鎴栫墿鐞嗛攢姣併€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?optical disc / DVD锛堝厜鐩橈級锛屼笉瑕侀€?Degaussing锛涙晱鎰熻祫鏂欓€氬父鐗╃悊閿€姣併€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?most secure锛堟渶瀹夊叏锛夈€乭ighest assurance锛堟渶楂樹繚璇侊級銆乶o reuse锛堜笉鍐嶉噸鐢級锛岄€氬父閫?Destruction銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?media must be reused锛堜粙璐ㄥ繀椤婚噸鐢級锛屼笉瑕侀€?Destruction銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Delete / Erase锛堟櫘閫氬垹闄わ級锛氶€氬父鍙槸鍒犻櫎绱㈠紩鎴栨爣璁扮┖闂村彲鐢紝涓嶅彲闈犮€?/p>

Clear锛堟竻闄わ級锛氭瘮鏅€氬垹闄ゅ己锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬鍚岀幆澧冨唴閲嶇敤銆?/p>

Purge锛堝噣鍖栵級锛氭瘮娓呴櫎鏇村己锛岄€傚悎鏇撮珮鏁忔劅鎴栫寮€鎺у埗鑼冨洿銆?/p>

Degaussing锛堟秷纾侊級锛氬彧瀵圭鎬т粙璐ㄦ湁鏁堛€?/p>

Destruction锛堥攢姣侊級锛氭渶褰诲簳锛屼絾涓嶈兘閲嶇敤銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Kerckhoffs's Principle / 绉戝厠闇嶅か鍘熷垯

Kerckhoffs's Principle 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滃瘑鐮佸瀹剁殑鍚嶈█鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬ソ閿佷笉鎬曞埆浜虹湅瑙佸浘绾革紝鐪熸蹇呴』钘忚捣鏉ョ殑鏄挜鍖欍€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Kerckhoffs's Principle = 绉戝厠闇嶅か鍘熷垯銆?/p>

瀹冭鐨勬槸锛氬瘑鐮佺郴缁熺殑瀹夊叏涓嶅簲璇ヤ緷璧栫畻娉曚繚瀵嗭紝鑰屽簲璇ヤ緷璧栧瘑閽ヤ繚瀵嗐€?/p>

Algorithm锛堢畻娉曪級鍙互鍏紑銆?/p>

Key锛堝瘑閽ワ級蹇呴』淇濆瘑銆?/p>

濡傛灉涓€涓郴缁熺殑瀹夊叏鍙潬鈥滃埆浜轰笉鐭ラ亾鎴戞€庝箞璁捐鈥濓紝閭ｅ畠寰堝嵄闄┿€?/p>

鍥犱负璁捐涓€鏃︽硠闇诧紝鏁翠釜绯荤粺灏卞浜嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Algorithm is public锛堢畻娉曞叕寮€锛夛細鍒汉鐭ラ亾鍔犲瘑瑙勫垯涔熸病鍏崇郴銆?/p>

Only the key is secret锛堝彧鏈夊瘑閽ヤ繚瀵嗭級锛氭敾鍑昏€呮病鏈夐挜鍖欙紝浠嶇劧鎵撲笉寮€銆?/p>

Design is known锛堣璁″凡鐭ワ級锛氱郴缁熺粨鏋勬洕鍏夊悗浠嶈瀹夊叏銆?/p>

Security through obscurity锛堥殣钘忓紡瀹夊叏锛夛細闈犺棌浣忓疄鐜扮粏鑺傛潵淇濇姢锛岃€冭瘯閲屽父鏄弽闈俊鍙枫€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶攣鐨勫浘绾稿彲浠ュ叕寮€銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳界洿鎺ヨ浣忊€滅畻娉曞叕寮€鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭妸淇濋櫓鏌滆棌璧锋潵銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝棌淇濋櫓鏌滀笉鏄鍏嬮湇澶師鍒欙紝瀹规槗婊戝埌闅愯棌寮忓畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱湡姝ｈ钘忛挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滀富鍙ュ悗鍗婃銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃瘑閽ヤ繚瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃浘绾稿叕寮€锛岄挜鍖欎繚瀵嗏€濄€傝繖涓敾闈㈡瘮鎶借薄璇粹€滅畻娉曞叕寮€鈥濇洿濂借銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Kerckhoffs's Principle = 鍥剧焊鍏紑锛岄挜鍖欎繚瀵嗐€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫繚闄╂煖缁撴瀯鍥惧彲浠ョ粰鍏ㄤ笘鐣岀湅锛屽埆浜虹爺绌跺畬浠嶇劧鎵撲笉寮€锛屾墠璇存槑閿佹湰韬彲闈狅紱鐪熸涓嶈兘涓㈢殑鏄挜鍖欍€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀵嗙爜绯荤粺鍗充娇绠楁硶鍜岃璁″叕寮€锛屽彧瑕佸瘑閽ユ病娉勯湶锛屼篃搴旇淇濇寔瀹夊叏銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃閲囪喘淇濋櫓鏌溿€?/p>

鍘傚晢璇达細鈥滄垜浠繖涓繚闄╂煖寰堝畨鍏紝鍥犱负娌′汉鐭ラ亾閲岄潰鎬庝箞閫犮€傗€?/p>

灏忔灄鍙嶈€岀揣寮犮€?/p>

濡傛灉鏈変竴澶╃淮淇墜鍐屾硠闇诧紝淇濋櫓鏌滄槸涓嶆槸灏辫兘琚墦寮€锛?/p>

鍙︿竴涓巶鍟嗘妸缁撴瀯鍥俱€佹潗鏂欍€侀攣鑺璁￠兘鍏紑缁欎笓瀹剁湅銆?/p>

涓撳鎸戜笉鍑鸿兘鐩存帴寮€閿佺殑婕忔礊銆?/p>

鍙閽ュ寵杩樺湪绠＄悊鍛樻墜閲岋紝澶栦汉鐭ラ亾鍥剧焊涔熸墦涓嶅紑銆?/p>

杩欐墠鍍忕鍏嬮湇澶師鍒欍€?/p>

瀵嗙爜绠楁硶涔熸槸涓€鏍枫€?/p>

绠楁硶鍙互鍏紑鎺ュ彈瀹℃煡銆?/p>

瀵嗛挜鎵嶆槸蹇呴』淇濇姢鐨勭瀵嗐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?algorithm is public锛堢畻娉曞叕寮€锛夈€乷nly the key is secret锛堝彧鏈夊瘑閽ヤ繚瀵嗭級锛屽厛鎯?Kerckhoffs's Principle銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?secure even if design is known锛堣璁″叕寮€浠嶅畨鍏級锛屼篃鍦ㄨ€冭繖涓師鍒欍€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?proprietary secret algorithm锛堜笓鏈夌瀵嗙畻娉曪級鏄笉鏄洿濂斤紝涓嶈鎬ョ潃閫夈€傝€冭瘯閫氬父鏇磋鍙叕寮€绠楁硶鍔犱弗鏍煎瘑閽ヤ繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?security through obscurity锛堥€氳繃闅愯棌鑾峰緱瀹夊叏锛夛紝甯告槸鍙嶉潰閫夐」銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Kerckhoffs's Principle锛氱畻娉曞叕寮€锛屽瘑閽ヤ繚瀵嗐€?/p>

Open source锛堝紑婧愶級锛氫唬鐮佸叕寮€鐨勫紑鍙戞柟寮忥紝涓嶇瓑浜庤嚜鍔ㄥ畨鍏紝浣嗘€濇兂涓婇兘鎺ュ彈鍏紑瀹℃煡銆?/p>

Security through obscurity锛氶潬鍒汉涓嶇煡閬撶粏鑺傛潵瀹夊叏锛岄€氬父涓嶅彲闈犮€?/p>

Key management锛堝瘑閽ョ鐞嗭級锛氬悗闈㈢瀵嗛挜鎬庝箞鐢熸垚銆佷繚瀛樸€佽疆鎹㈠拰閿€姣併€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Symmetric Encryption / 瀵圭О鍔犲瘑

Symmetric Encryption 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滃悓涓€鎶婇挜鍖欌€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬绉板姞瀵嗗儚涓や釜浜哄叡鐢ㄥ悓涓€鎶婄瀛愰挜鍖欙紝閿佺鍜屽紑绠遍兘闈犲畠锛屾墍浠ラ€熷害蹇紝浣嗛挜鍖欐€庝箞瀹夊叏浜ょ粰瀵规柟寰堥夯鐑︺€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Symmetric Encryption = 瀵圭О鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

涔熷彨 secret key cryptography锛堢瀵嗗瘑閽ュ瘑鐮侊級銆?/p>

鍔犲瘑鍜岃В瀵嗙敤鍚屼竴鎶?shared secret key锛堝叡浜瀵嗗瘑閽ワ級銆?/p>

Alice 鐢ㄨ繖鎶婇挜鍖欐妸鏂囦欢閿佽繘绠卞瓙銆?/p>

Bob 鐢ㄥ悓涓€鎶婇挜鍖欐墦寮€绠卞瓙銆?/p>

杩欑被绠楁硶閫熷害蹇紝閫傚悎 bulk data锛堝ぇ閲忔暟鎹級锛屾瘮濡傜‖鐩樺姞瀵嗐€佹暟鎹簱鍔犲瘑銆乂PN 閲屼紶澶ч噺娴侀噺銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Same key锛堝悓涓€鎶婇挜鍖欙級锛氬姞瀵嗗拰瑙ｅ瘑鐢ㄥ悓涓€涓瀵嗐€?/p>

Shared secret锛堝叡浜瀵嗭級锛氶€氫俊鍙屾柟閮界煡閬撹繖鎶婂瘑閽ャ€?/p>

Fast锛堝揩锛夛細璁＄畻寮€閿€灏忥紝閫傚悎澶ф枃浠跺拰澶ф祦閲忋€?/p>

Key distribution锛堝瘑閽ュ垎鍙戯級锛氭€庝箞鎶婂瘑閽ュ畨鍏ㄩ€佸埌瀵规柟鎵嬮噷銆?/p>

Scalability锛堝彲鎵╁睍鎬э級锛氫汉瓒婂锛屽瘑閽ユ暟閲忚秺闅剧鐞嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫袱涓汉鍏辩敤鍚屼竴鎶婇棬閽ュ寵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鏈€鐩存帴鍦拌浣忊€滃悓涓€鎶婇挜鍖欌€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫竾鑳介挜鍖欏埌澶勫彂銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏄撹浼氭垚鎵€鏈変汉閮界敤涓€鎶婂叏灞€閽ュ寵锛屽绉板姞瀵嗕笉涓€瀹氳繖鏍峰仛銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱瀛愰攣寰楀揩锛岄€侀挜鍖欓毦銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆€冭瘯閽╁瓙銆傚畠鑳借浣忎紭鐐瑰拰鐥涚偣銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃悓涓€鎶婄瀛愰挜鍖欌€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滈攣寰楀揩锛岄€侀挜鍖欓毦鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Symmetric Encryption = 鍚屼竴鎶婇挜鍖欓攣绠便€佸紑绠便€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欰lice 鐢ㄥ叡浜挜鍖欓攣浣忔枃浠讹紝Bob 鐢ㄥ悓涓€鎶婇挜鍖欐墦寮€锛涚瀛愰攣寰楀緢蹇紝浣嗚鍏堝畨鍏ㄦ妸閽ュ寵浜ゅ埌 Bob 鎵嬮噷銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀵圭О鍔犲瘑鐢ㄥ叡浜瘑閽ュ姞瑙ｅ瘑锛岄€熷害蹇紝閫傚悎澶ч噺鏁版嵁锛屼絾瀵嗛挜鍒嗗彂鍜屾墿灞曟€ф槸涓昏闅鹃銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佹妸涓€澶х瀹㈡埛璧勬枡閫佺粰灏忕帇銆?/p>

浠栫敤涓€鎶婇挜鍖欐妸绠卞瓙閿佷笂銆?/p>

灏忕帇蹇呴』鏈夊悓涓€鎶婇挜鍖欐墠鑳芥墦寮€銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍙湁涓や釜浜猴紝杩欏緢绠€鍗曘€?/p>

浣嗗叕鍙告湁 100 涓汉锛屼袱涓ら兘瑕佺瀵嗛€氫俊锛岄挜鍖欐暟閲忎細鐖嗙偢銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏈変汉绂昏亴锛岃繕瑕侀噸鏂版崲閽ュ寵銆?/p>

濡傛灉閽ュ寵鍦ㄨ矾涓婅鎴蛋锛屾敾鍑昏€呭氨鑳芥墦寮€绠卞瓙銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ绉板姞瀵嗗緢蹇紝浣嗗瘑閽ョ鐞嗗緢鐑︺€?/p>

杩欎篃鏄负浠€涔堝悗闈細鍑虹幇闈炲绉板姞瀵嗗拰鏁板瓧淇″皝銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?shared secret key锛堝叡浜瀵嗗瘑閽ワ級銆乻ame key锛堝悓涓€瀵嗛挜锛夈€乻ecret key cryptography锛堢瀵嗗瘑閽ュ瘑鐮侊級锛屽厛閫?Symmetric Encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?fast锛堝揩锛夈€乥ulk data锛堝ぇ閲忔暟鎹級銆乨isk encryption锛堢鐩樺姞瀵嗭級銆丄ES锛岄€氬父鎸囧绉板姞瀵嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰闂渶澶х己鐐癸紝甯哥湅 key distribution锛堝瘑閽ュ垎鍙戯級銆乻calability锛堟墿灞曟€у樊锛夈€乶o nonrepudiation锛堜笉鑳藉崟鐙彁渚涗笉鍙惁璁わ級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂弻鏂归兘鑳界敓鎴愬悓鏍风殑鍔犲瘑缁撴灉锛屼笉鑳借瘉鏄庢槸璋佸彂鐨勶紝涔熸槸鍦ㄨ瀵圭О鍔犲瘑鐨勪笉鍙惁璁ゆ€ч棶棰樸€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Symmetric Encryption锛氬悓涓€鎶婂瘑閽ワ紝蹇紝閫傚悎澶ч噺鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Asymmetric Encryption锛氬叕閽ュ拰绉侀挜涓€瀵癸紝鎱紝浣嗚В鍐冲瘑閽ヤ氦鎹㈤棶棰樸€?/p>

Hashing锛氬搱甯屼笉鏄姞瀵嗭紝涓昏楠屾敼鍔ㄣ€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氱鍚嶈瘉鏄庢潵婧愬拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁锛屼笉鏄负浜嗗揩閫熷姞瀵嗗ぇ閲忔暟鎹€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Asymmetric Encryption = 闈炲绉板姞瀵嗐€?/p>

涔熷彨 public key cryptography锛堝叕閽ュ瘑鐮侊級銆?/p>

瀹冪粰姣忎釜浜轰竴瀵?key pair锛堝瘑閽ュ锛夛細public key锛堝叕閽ワ級鍜?private key锛堢閽ワ級銆?/p>

鍏挜鍙互鍙戠粰鍒汉銆?/p>

绉侀挜蹇呴』鑷繁淇濈銆?/p>

鍒汉鐢ㄤ綘鐨勫叕閽ュ姞瀵嗘秷鎭€?/p>

浣犵敤鑷繁鐨勭閽ヨВ瀵嗘秷鎭€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Public key锛堝叕閽ワ級锛氬彲浠ョ粰鍒汉锛岀敤鏉ュ姞瀵嗙粰浣犵湅鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鎴栭獙璇佷綘鐨勭鍚嶃€?/p>

Private key锛堢閽ワ級锛氬彧鑳戒綘鑷繁淇濈锛岀敤鏉ヨВ瀵嗗彂缁欎綘鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鎴栫敓鎴愪綘鐨勭鍚嶃€?/p>

Key pair锛堝瘑閽ュ锛夛細鍏挜鍜岀閽ユ暟瀛︾浉鍏筹紝浣嗕笉鑳戒粠鍏挜杞绘槗鎺ㄥ嚭绉侀挜銆?/p>

Key exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級锛氳鍙屾柟瀹夊叏鍗忓晢鍚庣画瀵圭О浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

Computationally expensive锛堣绠楀紑閿€澶э級锛氭瘮瀵圭О鍔犲瘑鎱€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕寮€鎸傞攣锛岀浜洪挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃叕閽ュ彲浠ュ叕寮€锛岀閽ヤ笉鑳界粰浜衡€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫袱鎶婂畬鍏ㄦ病鍏崇郴鐨勯挜鍖欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚叕閽ュ拰绉侀挜涓嶆槸闅忎究涓ゆ妸閽ュ寵锛屽畠浠槸涓€瀵规暟瀛︾浉鍏崇殑瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬瘎绠卞瓙涓嶇敤鍏堥€侀挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滅棝鐐归挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳借浣忛潪瀵圭О瑙ｅ喅瀵嗛挜鍒嗗彂銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叕寮€鎸傞攣锛岀浜洪挜鍖欌€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滃ぇ绠卞瓙涓嶇洿鎺ョ敤瀹冮攣锛屽お鎱⑩€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Asymmetric Encryption = 鍏挜鎸傞攣锛岀閽ュ紑閿併€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫綘鎶婃墦寮€鐨勬寕閿佹斁鍦ㄥ墠鍙帮紝浠讳綍浜洪兘鑳芥嬁浣犵殑鎸傞攣閿佺瀛愬瘎缁欎綘锛涚瀛愪竴鏃﹂攣涓婏紝鍙湁浣犲彛琚嬮噷鐨勭閽ヨ兘鎵撳紑銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闈炲绉板姞瀵嗙敤鍏閽ュ瑙ｅ喅瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲鍜岃韩浠介棶棰橈紝浣嗛€熷害杈冩參锛岄€氬父鍜屽绉板姞瀵嗛厤鍚堜娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄涓嶆兂鎶婄瀛愰挜鍖欏瘎鏉ュ瘎鍘汇€?/p>

浠栧湪鍏徃鍓嶅彴鏀句簡涓€鍫嗘墦寮€鐨勬寕閿併€?/p>

姣忎釜鎸傞攣涓婇兘鍐欑潃鈥滃皬鏋楀叕閽モ€濄€?/p>

浠讳綍浜烘兂缁欏皬鏋楀瘎淇濆瘑鏂囦欢锛屽氨鎷夸竴涓寕閿佹妸绠卞瓙閿佷笂銆?/p>

閿佷笂浠ュ悗锛岃繛瀵勪欢浜鸿嚜宸变篃鎵撲笉寮€銆?/p>

鍙湁灏忔灄鍙ｈ閲岀殑绉侀挜鑳芥墦寮€銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄潪瀵圭О鍔犲瘑鐨勪繚瀵嗙敤娉曘€?/p>

浣嗗鏋滅瀛愮壒鍒ぇ锛岀敤杩欑閿佹瘡涓€椤甸兘澶勭悊浼氬緢鎱€?/p>

鎵€浠ョ幇瀹為噷甯哥敤瀹冩潵瀹夊叏浼犻€掍竴鎶婁复鏃跺绉伴挜鍖欙紝鍐嶇敤瀵圭О鍔犲瘑澶勭悊澶ф暟鎹€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?public/private key pair锛堝叕绉侀挜瀵癸級銆乸ublic key cryptography锛堝叕閽ュ瘑鐮侊級銆乤symmetric锛堥潪瀵圭О锛夛紝鍏堥€?Asymmetric Encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?key exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級銆乻calable to many users锛堝彲鎵╁睍鍒板ぇ閲忕敤鎴凤級锛屽父鎸囬潪瀵圭О銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂繚瀵嗗彂閫佺粰 Bob锛岄€氬父鐢?Bob 鐨?public key锛堝叕閽ワ級鍔犲瘑锛孊ob 鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑 private key锛堢閽ワ級瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂暟瀛楃鍚嶏紝閫氬父鏄?sender private key signs锛堝彂閫佽€呯閽ョ鍚嶏級锛宺eceiver public key verifies锛堟帴鏀惰€呯敤鍏挜楠岃瘉锛夈€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

闈炲绉板姞瀵嗙敤浜庝繚瀵嗭細鎺ユ敹鑰呭叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭紝鎺ユ敹鑰呯閽ヨВ瀵嗐€?/p>

鏁板瓧绛惧悕鐢ㄤ簬璇佹槑鏉ユ簮锛氬彂閫佽€呯閽ョ鍚嶏紝鍙戦€佽€呭叕閽ラ獙璇併€?/p>

Certificate锛堣瘉涔︼級锛氭妸鍏挜鍜岃韩浠界粦瀹氳捣鏉ワ紝涓嶇瓑浜庨潪瀵圭О鍔犲瘑鏈韩銆?/p>

Digital Envelope锛堟暟瀛椾俊灏侊級锛氭妸闈炲绉板拰瀵圭О缁勫悎璧锋潵銆?/p>

杩欓噷鐨勨€滈潪瀵圭О鈥濆湪寰堝鑰冮涓寜 asymmetric cryptography锛堥潪瀵圭О瀵嗙爜瀛︼級骞夸箟鐞嗚В锛涗弗鏍艰锛宔ncryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級銆乨igital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級鍜?key agreement锛堝瘑閽ュ崗鍟嗭紝渚嬪 Diffie-Hellman / ECDH锛夋槸涓嶅悓鐢ㄩ€旓紝涓嶈兘閮藉彨鈥滃姞瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Hashing / 鍝堝笇

Hashing 杩欏紶鍗℃渶瀹规槗琚皬鐧借浼氭垚鈥滃彟涓€绉嶅姞瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬搱甯屽儚鏂囦欢鎸囩汗鏈猴紝鏂囦欢杩涘幓鍚愬嚭涓€涓茬煭鎸囩汗锛涙寚绾硅兘鐢ㄦ潵楠屾枃浠舵湁娌℃湁鍙橈紝浣嗕笉鑳芥妸鎸囩汗鍙樺洖鏂囦欢銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Hashing = 鍝堝笇 / 鏁ｅ垪銆?/p>

Hash function锛堝搱甯屽嚱鏁帮級鎶婁换鎰忛暱搴︾殑鏁版嵁锛屽彉鎴愬浐瀹氶暱搴︾殑 message digest锛堟秷鎭憳瑕侊級銆?/p>

瀹冩槸 one-way function锛堝崟鍚戝嚱鏁帮級銆?/p>

鎰忔€濇槸锛氫粠鍘熸枃绠楁憳瑕佸緢瀹规槗锛屼粠鎽樿鍊掓帹鍑哄師鏂囬潪甯搁毦銆?/p>

鍚堝悓鏀逛竴涓┖鏍硷紝鎽樿涔熶細澶у彉銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ畠甯哥敤鏉ユ鏌?integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Message digest锛堟秷鎭憳瑕侊級锛氬搱甯岀畻鍑烘潵鐨勭煭缁撴灉銆?/p>

Fixed-length output锛堝浐瀹氶暱搴﹁緭鍑猴級锛氭棤璁哄師鏂囧闀匡紝鎽樿闀垮害鍥哄畾銆?/p>

One-way锛堝崟鍚戯級锛氫笉鑳戒粠鎽樿杞绘槗杩樺師鍘熸枃銆?/p>

Collision resistance锛堟姉纰版挒锛夛細寰堥毦鎵惧埌涓や釜涓嶅悓杈撳叆寰楀埌鍚屼竴鎽樿銆?/p>

Integrity check锛堝畬鏁存€ф鏌ワ級锛氱敤鎽樿鍒ゆ柇鍐呭鏈夋病鏈夎鏀广€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭枃浠舵寚绾规満銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滈獙韬唤涓€鏍烽獙鏂囦欢鍐呭鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬帇缂╁寘銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚帇缂╁寘杩樿兘瑙ｅ帇锛屽搱甯屼笉鑳借繕鍘熴€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬悎鍚屾敼 1 鍏冿紝鎸囩汗鍏ㄥ彉銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傚畠鑳借浣忓井灏忓彉鍖栦篃浼氬奖鍝嶆憳瑕併€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄枃浠舵寚绾规満鈥濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滃彧鑳芥瘮瀵癸紝涓嶈兘杩樺師鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Hashing = 鏂囦欢杩涙寚绾规満锛屽悙鍑哄浐瀹氱煭鎸囩汗銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬悎鍚屽師鏂囧彲浠ュ緢闀匡紝鍝堝笇缁撴灉鏄竴涓插浐瀹氶暱搴︾煭鐮侊紱浣犺兘鎷跨煭鐮佹瘮瀵瑰悎鍚屾湁娌℃湁琚敼锛屼絾涓嶈兘浠庣煭鐮佽繕鍘熷悎鍚屻€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍝堝笇鐢ㄤ簬鐢熸垚娑堟伅鎽樿锛屼富瑕侀獙璇佸畬鏁存€э紝涓嶆彁渚涙満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄浠庡畼缃戜笅杞戒竴涓畨瑁呭寘銆?/p>

瀹樼綉鍚屾椂缁欏嚭涓€涓?hash value锛堝搱甯屽€硷級銆?/p>

灏忔灄涓嬭浇鍚庯紝鍦ㄨ嚜宸辩數鑴戜笂涔熺畻涓€閬嶅搱甯屻€?/p>

濡傛灉涓や釜鍊间竴鏍凤紝璇存槑浠栦笅杞藉埌鐨勬枃浠跺拰瀹樼綉鍙戝竷鐨勬枃浠朵竴鑷淬€?/p>

濡傛灉瀹夎鍖呰矾涓婅浜烘敼浜嗕竴涓瓧鑺傦紝鍝堝笇鍊煎氨浼氫笉涓€鏍枫€?/p>

浣嗗皬鏋椾笉鑳芥嬁瀹樼綉閭ｄ覆鍝堝笇鍊艰繕鍘熷畨瑁呭寘銆?/p>

鍝堝笇涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

瀹冩洿鍍忔枃浠舵寚绾广€?/p>

鐢ㄦ潵楠屾湁娌℃湁琚敼锛屼笉鏄敤鏉ヨ棌鍐呭銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?one-way function锛堝崟鍚戝嚱鏁帮級銆乵essage digest锛堟秷鎭憳瑕侊級銆乫ixed-length output锛堝浐瀹氶暱搴﹁緭鍑猴級锛屽厛鎯?Hashing銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?verify integrity锛堥獙璇佸畬鏁存€э級鎴?detect modification锛堝彂鐜颁慨鏀癸級锛屽父鐪嬪搱甯屻€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?cannot be reversed锛堜笉鍙€嗭級鎴?cannot determine original message锛堜笉鑳戒粠鎽樿纭畾鍘熸枃锛夛紝涔熸槸鍝堝笇銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?protect confidentiality锛堜繚鎶ゆ満瀵嗘€э級锛屼笉瑕侀€夋櫘閫氬搱甯岋紝瑕佺湅 encryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?prove who sent it锛堣瘉鏄庢槸璋佸彂鐨勶級锛屾櫘閫氬搱甯屼笉澶燂紝瑕佺湅 digital signature 鎴?HMAC銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Hashing锛氶獙鏀瑰姩锛屼笉淇濆瘑锛屼笉鍙€嗐€?/p>

Encryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級锛氳棌鍐呭锛屽彲浠ヨВ瀵嗗洖鏉ャ€?/p>

Checksum锛堟牎楠屽拰锛夛細涔熻兘鏌ラ敊璇紝浣嗗畨鍏ㄥ己搴﹂€氬父涓嶅瀵嗙爜瀛﹀搱甯屻€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氶€氬父鍏堝搱甯岋紝鍐嶇敤绉侀挜绛惧悕銆?/p>

HMAC锛氬搱甯岄噷鍔犲叆鍏变韩瀵嗛挜锛岀敤鏉ュ仛娑堟伅璁よ瘉銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Digital Signature / 鏁板瓧绛惧悕

Digital Signature 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽浼氭垚鈥滄妸鏂囦欢鍔犲瘑鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟瀛楃鍚嶅儚缁忕悊鐢ㄧ閽ョ粰鏂囦欢鐩栫珷锛屽埆浜虹敤缁忕悊鐨勫叕閽ラ獙绔狅紝鑳界‘璁ゆ槸璋佺鐨勩€佸唴瀹规湁娌℃湁琚敼銆佷簨鍚庤兘涓嶈兘璧栥€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Digital Signature = 鏁板瓧绛惧悕銆?/p>

瀹冮€氬父涓嶆槸鐩存帴鎶婃暣浠芥枃浠舵嬁鍘荤銆?/p>

甯歌娴佺▼鏄細鍏堝鏂囦欢鍋?hash锛堝搱甯岋級锛屽緱鍒?message digest锛堟秷鎭憳瑕侊級锛屽啀鐢?sender private key锛堝彂閫佽€呯閽ワ級瀵规憳瑕佺鍚嶃€?/p>

鎺ユ敹鑰呯敤 sender public key锛堝彂閫佽€呭叕閽ワ級楠岃瘉绛惧悕銆?/p>

濡傛灉楠岃瘉閫氳繃锛屽氨璇存槑绛惧悕纭疄鏉ヨ嚜瀵瑰簲绉侀挜锛屾枃浠舵憳瑕佷篃娌℃湁琚敼銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Sign锛堢鍚嶏級锛氱敤绉侀挜瀵规憳瑕佸仛瀵嗙爜瀛︽搷浣溿€?/p>

Verify锛堥獙璇侊級锛氱敤鍏挜妫€鏌ョ鍚嶆槸鍚﹀尮閰嶃€?/p>

Authenticity锛堢湡瀹炴€э級锛氱‘璁ゆ秷鎭潵婧愭槸鐪熺殑銆?/p>

Nonrepudiation锛堜笉鍙惁璁ゆ€э級锛氬彂閫佽€呬簨鍚庨毦浠ュ惁璁よ嚜宸辩杩囥€?/p>

Private key signs, public key verifies锛堢閽ョ锛屽叕閽ラ獙锛夛細杩欏彞璇濆繀椤昏鐗€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱閽ョ洊绔狅紝鍏挜楠岀珷銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忔柟鍚戙€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱鍚嶅氨鏄姞瀵嗘枃浠躲€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜鍚嶉噸鐐逛笉鏄棌鍐呭銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬厛鐪嬫枃浠舵寚绾癸紝鍐嶇洊绔犮€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄祦绋嬮挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳借浣忕鍚嶉€氬父鍩轰簬鍝堝笇銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅閽ョ洊绔狅紝鍏挜楠岀珷鈥濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滅鐨勬槸鏂囦欢鎸囩汗锛屼笉鏄负浜嗕繚瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Digital Signature = 绉侀挜鐩栫珷锛屽叕閽ラ獙绔犮€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱粡鐞嗗厛缁欏悎鍚屽仛鎸囩汗锛屽啀鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑绉侀挜鍦ㄦ寚绾逛笂鐩栫珷锛涜储鍔＄敤缁忕悊鍏挜楠岀珷锛岀‘璁ょ珷鏄湡鐨勩€佸悎鍚屾病琚敼銆佺粡鐞嗕笉鑳借交鏄撴姷璧栥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁板瓧绛惧悕鐢ㄧ閽ョ敓鎴愩€佸叕閽ラ獙璇侊紝鎻愪緵瀹屾暣鎬с€佺湡瀹炴€у拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬с€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缁忕悊鎵瑰噯涓€寮?10 涓囧厓閲囪喘鍗曘€?/p>

绯荤粺鍏堢粰閲囪喘鍗曠畻鍑轰竴涓插搱甯屾寚绾广€?/p>

鐒跺悗缁忕悊鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑绉侀挜缁欒繖涓寚绾圭鍚嶃€?/p>

璐㈠姟鏀跺埌鍚庯紝涓嶅彧鏄湅閲囪喘鍗曞唴瀹广€?/p>

璐㈠姟杩樼敤缁忕悊鐨勫叕閽ラ獙璇佺鍚嶃€?/p>

楠岃瘉閫氳繃锛岃鏄庤繖浠介噰璐崟鐨勬寚绾规病鍙橈紝绛惧悕涔熺‘瀹炲搴旂粡鐞嗙殑绉侀挜銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏈変汉鎶?10 涓囨敼鎴?100 涓囷紝鏂囦欢鎸囩汗浼氬彉锛岀鍚嶉獙璇佸氨澶辫触銆?/p>

濡傛灉缁忕悊浜嬪悗璇粹€滀笉鏄垜绛剧殑鈥濓紝鏁板瓧绛惧悕涔熻兘鎻愪緵涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬х殑璇佹嵁銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?digital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級銆乶onrepudiation锛堜笉鍙惁璁ゆ€э級銆乤uthenticity锛堢湡瀹炴€э級銆乸rivate key signs锛堢閽ョ鍚嶏級锛屽厛閫?Digital Signature銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鐨勭閽ョ鍚嶏紝绛旀鏄?sender's private key锛堝彂閫佽€呯閽ワ級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鐨勫叕閽ラ獙璇侊紝绛旀鏄?sender's public key锛堝彂閫佽€呭叕閽ワ級銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶 confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級锛屾暟瀛楃鍚嶄笉鏄富瑕佺瓟妗堛€?/p>

棰樼洰闂唴瀹规湁娌℃湁琚敼锛屾暟瀛楃鍚嶈兘甯姪楠岃瘉瀹屾暣鎬э紝浣嗘櫘閫氬搱甯屼篃鍙兘鏄瓟妗堬紝瑕佺湅鏈夋病鏈夐棶鏉ユ簮鍜屼笉鍙惁璁ゃ€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Digital Signature锛氳瘉鏄庢潵婧愩€佸畬鏁存€с€佷笉鍙惁璁ゃ€?/p>

Encryption锛氶殣钘忓唴瀹广€?/p>

Hashing锛氬彧楠屽唴瀹规湁娌℃湁鍙橈紝涓嶈瘉鏄庢槸璋佺敓鎴愮殑銆?/p>

HMAC锛氬叡浜瘑閽ュ仛娑堟伅璁よ瘉锛屼笉鑳藉儚鏁板瓧绛惧悕涓€鏍峰己涓嶅彲鍚﹁銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細HMAC / Hash-Based Message Authentication Code / 鍩轰簬鍝堝笇鐨勬秷鎭璇佺爜

HMAC 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸啓鎴愨€滈珮绾у搱甯屸€濆氨缁撴潫銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欻MAC 鏄粰鍝堝笇鎸囩汗鍔犱竴鎶婂叡浜瘑閽ワ紝澶栦汉灏辩畻鐭ラ亾娑堟伅鍐呭锛屼篃绠椾笉鍑哄悎鏍肩殑璁よ瘉鏍囩銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

HMAC = Hash-Based Message Authentication Code锛堝熀浜庡搱甯岀殑娑堟伅璁よ瘉鐮侊級銆?/p>

瀹冩妸 hash function锛堝搱甯屽嚱鏁帮級鍜?shared secret key锛堝叡浜瀵嗗瘑閽ワ級缁撳悎璧锋潵銆?/p>

鏅€氬搱甯屽彧鐪嬪唴瀹广€?/p>

HMAC 杩樿姹傚弻鏂归兘鐭ラ亾鍚屼竴鎶婄瀵嗗瘑閽ャ€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ畠涓嶄粎鑳藉彂鐜板唴瀹规湁娌℃湁琚敼锛岃繕鑳界‘璁ゆ秷鎭潵鑷寔鏈夊瘑閽ョ殑涓€鏂广€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Keyed hash锛堝甫瀵嗛挜鍝堝笇锛夛細涓嶆槸鍗曠函鎶婃秷鎭涪杩涘搱甯屽嚱鏁般€?/p>

MAC锛圡essage Authentication Code锛屾秷鎭璇佺爜锛夛細娑堟伅鏃佽竟璐寸殑璁よ瘉鏍囩銆?/p>

Shared secret锛堝叡浜瀵嗭級锛氬彂閫佹柟鍜屾帴鏀舵柟閮界煡閬撶殑瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

Integrity and authenticity锛堝畬鏁存€у拰鐪熷疄鎬э級锛氭秷鎭病鏀癸紝涓旀潵鑷寔閽ユ柟銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬搱甯屾寚绾归噷鍔犻挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳藉尯鍒嗘櫘閫氬搱甯屻€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭暟瀛楃鍚嶇殑鍙︿竴绉嶅悕瀛椼€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侶MAC 涓嶆槸鏁板瓧绛惧悕锛屽洜涓哄畠鐢ㄥ叡浜瘑閽ャ€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫粨搴撳彂璐у崟鐨勭瀵嗘爣绛俱€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃埆浜烘敼鏁伴噺浼氬涓嶄笂鈥濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃甫閽ュ寵鐨勫搱甯屾爣绛锯€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滃弻鏂归兘鑳借创鏍囩锛屾墍浠ヤ笉鑳藉己闃叉姷璧栤€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

HMAC = 鍝堝笇鏍囩閲岃棌涓€鎶婂叡浜挜鍖欍€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫粨搴撳拰闂ㄥ簵绾﹀ソ涓€涓瀵嗚鍒欙紝鍙戣揣鍗曟梺杈硅创璁よ瘉鏍囩锛涢棬搴楃敤鍚屼竴鎶婄瀵嗗瘑閽ラ噸绠楁爣绛撅紝鏍囩涓€鑷存墠鐩镐俊鏁伴噺娌¤鏀广€佹秷鎭潵鑷寔閽ユ柟銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細HMAC 鐢ㄥ叡浜瘑閽ュ拰鍝堝笇鍑芥暟鐢熸垚娑堟伅璁よ瘉鐮侊紝鎻愪緵瀹屾暣鎬у拰娑堟伅璁よ瘉锛屼絾涓嶆彁渚涙満瀵嗘€у拰寮轰笉鍙惁璁ゃ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勪粨搴撴瘡澶╃粰闂ㄥ簵鍙戣揣鍗曘€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呭彲鑳藉湪璺笂鎶娾€?0 绠扁€濇敼鎴愨€?00 绠扁€濄€?/p>

濡傛灉鍙彂鏅€氬搱甯岋紝鏀诲嚮鑰呬篃鑳芥敼瀹屽唴瀹瑰悗閲嶆柊绠椾竴涓搱甯屻€?/p>

浜庢槸浠撳簱鍜岄棬搴楃害濂戒竴鎶婄瀵嗗瘑閽ャ€?/p>

浠撳簱鐢ㄥ彂璐у崟鍐呭鍔犺繖鎶婂瘑閽ワ紝绠楀嚭 HMAC 鏍囩銆?/p>

闂ㄥ簵鏀跺埌鍚庯紝涔熺敤鍚屼竴鎶婂瘑閽ラ噸绠椼€?/p>

濡傛灉鏍囩瀵逛笉涓婏紝璇存槑鍐呭琚敼杩囷紝鎴栬€呭彂閫佽€呬笉鏄湡姝ｆ寔閽ユ柟銆?/p>

浣嗗洜涓轰粨搴撳拰闂ㄥ簵閮界煡閬撳瘑閽ワ紝鎵€浠ヤ笉鑳藉儚鏁板瓧绛惧悕閭ｆ牱璇佹槑鈥滃彧鏈変粨搴撹兘鐢熸垚鈥濄€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?HMAC銆乲eyed hash锛堝甫瀵嗛挜鍝堝笇锛夈€乵essage authentication code锛堟秷鎭璇佺爜锛夛紝鍏堥€?HMAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?shared secret锛堝叡浜瘑閽ワ級鍔?hash锛堝搱甯岋級锛屼篃鏄?HMAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?integrity and authenticity锛堝畬鏁存€у拰鐪熷疄鎬э級锛屼絾娌℃湁瑕佹眰涓嶅彲鍚﹁锛孒MAC 鍙兘姝ｇ‘銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?nonrepudiation锛堜笉鍙惁璁ゆ€э級锛岄€氬父閫?digital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級锛屼笉閫?HMAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級锛孒MAC 涓嶆槸涓昏绛旀銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Hashing锛氬彧鏍规嵁娑堟伅鍐呭绠楁憳瑕併€?/p>

HMAC锛氭秷鎭唴瀹瑰姞鍏变韩瀵嗛挜锛岀敓鎴愯璇佹爣绛俱€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氱閽ョ銆佸叕閽ラ獙锛屾敮鎸佷笉鍙惁璁ゃ€?/p>

Encryption锛氶殣钘忓唴瀹癸紝HMAC 鏈韩涓嶉殣钘忓唴瀹广€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Digital Envelope / 鏁板瓧淇″皝

Digital Envelope 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸拰 Digital Signature 娣枫€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟瀛椾俊灏佹槸澶ф枃浠剁敤蹇攣閿佷綇锛屽啀鎶婂揩閿侀挜鍖欐斁杩涘皬鐩掑瓙锛岀敤鏀朵欢浜虹殑鍏挜閿佽捣鏉ャ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Digital Envelope = 鏁板瓧淇″皝銆?/p>

瀹冩槸 hybrid encryption锛堟贩鍚堝姞瀵嗭級銆?/p>

鎬濊矾鏄細鐢?symmetric key锛堝绉板瘑閽ワ級蹇€熷姞瀵嗙湡姝ｇ殑鏁版嵁锛屽啀鐢?recipient public key锛堟帴鏀惰€呭叕閽ワ級鍔犲瘑杩欐妸瀵圭О瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堣繖鏍峰仛锛?/p>

鍥犱负瀵圭О鍔犲瘑蹇紝浣嗛€侀挜鍖欓毦銆?/p>

闈炲绉板姞瀵嗚兘瀹夊叏閫侀挜鍖欙紝浣嗘參銆?/p>

鏁板瓧淇″皝鎶婁袱鑰呮嫾鍦ㄤ竴璧枫€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Hybrid encryption锛堟贩鍚堝姞瀵嗭級锛氬绉板拰闈炲绉颁竴璧风敤銆?/p>

Session key锛堜細璇濆瘑閽ワ級锛氳繖娆￠€氫俊涓存椂浣跨敤鐨勫绉板瘑閽ャ€?/p>

Envelope锛堜俊灏侊級锛氭妸浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜瀹夊叏鍖呰捣鏉ヤ氦缁欐敹浠朵汉銆?/p>

Recipient public key锛堟帴鏀惰€呭叕閽ワ級锛氱敤鏉ュ姞瀵嗕細璇濆瘑閽ャ€?/p>

Recipient private key锛堟帴鏀惰€呯閽ワ級锛氱敤鏉ヨВ寮€浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬ぇ绠卞瓙鐢ㄥ揩閿侊紝灏忛挜鍖欒繘淇″皝銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忊€滄暟鎹€濆拰鈥滈挜鍖欌€濆垎寮€澶勭悊銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱粰鏂囦欢鐩栫珷銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏄暟瀛楃鍚嶏紝涓嶆槸鏁板瓧淇″皝銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶奔鍜岀唺鎺屼竴璧疯銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滅悊瑙ｉ挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳借浣忊€滄棦瑕侀€熷害锛屽張瑕佸畨鍏ㄩ€侀挜鍖欌€濄€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃ぇ绠卞瓙蹇攣锛屽皬閽ュ寵鍏挜淇″皝鈥濄€備笉瑕佸啓鎴愭娊璞＄殑鈥滄贩鍚堝姞瀵嗏€濅竴鍙ヨ瘽銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Digital Envelope = 瀵圭О閿佸ぇ绠憋紝鍏挜閿佸皬閽ュ寵銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭枃浠跺緢澶э紝鎵€浠ョ敤涓€娆℃€у绉伴挜鍖欏揩閫熷姞瀵嗭紱杩欐妸涓€娆℃€ч挜鍖欏啀鐢ㄦ敹浠朵汉鐨勫叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭紝鍍忔斁杩涘彧鏈夋敹浠朵汉鑳芥墦寮€鐨勫皬淇″皝銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁板瓧淇″皝鐢ㄥ绉板姞瀵嗕繚鎶ゆ暟鎹紝鐢ㄩ潪瀵圭О鍔犲瘑淇濇姢瀵圭О浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佺粰灏忕帇鍙戜竴涓緢澶х殑鍚堝悓鍘嬬缉鍖呫€?/p>

濡傛灉鍏ㄧ▼鐢ㄥ皬鐜嬪叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭紝浼氬緢鎱€?/p>

浜庢槸灏忔灄鍏堥殢鏈虹敓鎴愪竴鎶婁复鏃跺绉板瘑閽ャ€?/p>

浠栫敤杩欐妸涓存椂閽ュ寵蹇€熷姞瀵嗗ぇ鏂囦欢銆?/p>

鐒跺悗浠栨妸涓存椂閽ュ寵鍐欏湪涓€寮犲皬绾告潯涓娿€?/p>

杩欏紶灏忕焊鏉′笉鑳芥槑鏂囧彂閫併€?/p>

灏忔灄鐢ㄥ皬鐜嬬殑鍏挜鎶婄焊鏉￠攣璧锋潵銆?/p>

灏忕帇鏀跺埌鍚庯紝鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑绉侀挜鎵撳紑灏忕焊鏉★紝鎷垮埌涓存椂瀵嗛挜锛屽啀瑙ｅ紑澶ф枃浠躲€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄暟瀛椾俊灏併€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?digital envelope锛堟暟瀛椾俊灏侊級銆乭ybrid encryption锛堟贩鍚堝姞瀵嗭級銆乻ession key encrypted with recipient public key锛堜細璇濆瘑閽ョ敤鎺ユ敹鑰呭叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭級锛屽厛閫?Digital Envelope銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?encrypt data with symmetric key锛堢敤瀵圭О瀵嗛挜鍔犲瘑鏁版嵁锛夊啀 encrypt the symmetric key with public key锛堢敤鍏挜鍔犲瘑瀵圭О瀵嗛挜锛夛紝涔熸槸鏁板瓧淇″皝銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂浣曞吋椤惧绉板姞瀵嗛€熷害鍜岄潪瀵圭О瀵嗛挜鍒嗗彂锛岀瓟妗堝氨鏄暟瀛椾俊灏併€?/p>

棰樼洰闂笉鍙惁璁ゆ€ф垨绉侀挜鐩栫珷锛岄偅鏄?Digital Signature锛屼笉鏄?Digital Envelope銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Digital Envelope锛氳В鍐斥€滄€庝箞蹇€熷姞瀵嗗ぇ鏁版嵁骞跺畨鍏ㄩ€佷細璇濆瘑閽モ€濄€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氳В鍐斥€滆皝绛剧殑銆佹湁娌℃湁鏀广€佽兘涓嶈兘鎶佃禆鈥濄€?/p>

Certificate锛堣瘉涔︼級锛氳瘉鏄庢煇涓叕閽ュ睘浜庢煇涓韩浠姐€?/p>

TLS锛氬疄闄呭崗璁噷浼氱敤绫讳技娣峰悎鎬濇兂锛屼絾鏁板瓧淇″皝鏄洿閫氱敤鐨勬蹇点€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細AES / 3DES / DES / 瀵圭О绠楁硶

AES銆?DES銆丏ES 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屼竴涓插瓧姣嶃€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欴ES 鏄€佸皬閿侊紝3DES 鏄妸鑰佸皬閿佸彔鐢ㄤ笁娆★紝AES 鏄幇浠ｄ富娴佷繚闄╂煖銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DES = Data Encryption Standard锛堟暟鎹姞瀵嗘爣鍑嗭級銆?/p>

3DES = Triple DES锛堜笁閲?DES锛夈€?/p>

AES = Advanced Encryption Standard锛堥珮绾у姞瀵嗘爣鍑嗭級銆?/p>

瀹冧滑閮芥槸 symmetric block cipher锛堝绉板垎缁勫瘑鐮侊級銆?/p>

鍖哄埆涓嶅彧鏄悕瀛椾笉鍚屻€?/p>

鑰冭瘯鏇村父闂細璋佽€併€佽皝涓嶅畨鍏ㄣ€佽皝鐜颁唬涓绘祦銆佸潡澶у皬鍜屽瘑閽ラ暱搴︽槸浠€涔堛€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Block cipher锛堝垎缁勫瘑鐮侊級锛氭妸鏄庢枃鍒囨垚鍥哄畾澶у皬鐨勫潡澶勭悊銆?/p>

Rijndael锛欰ES 鐨勫師濮嬬畻娉曞悕绉般€?/p>

Legacy锛堥仐鐣欙級锛氳繕鍙兘鍦ㄦ棫绯荤粺瑙佸埌锛屼絾涓嶆槸鏂扮郴缁熶紭鍏堥€夋嫨銆?/p>

Key length锛堝瘑閽ラ暱搴︼級锛氬瘑閽ヤ綅鏁拌秺鐭秺瀹规槗琚毚鍔涚牬瑙ｃ€?/p>

Current standard锛堝綋鍓嶆爣鍑嗭級锛氳€冭瘯閲屾柊绯荤粺閫夌幇浠ｅ己绠楁硶锛岄€氬父鐪?AES銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫笁浠ｄ繚闄╂煖銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘鎶?DES銆?DES銆丄ES 鎺掓垚鏃朵唬椤哄簭銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛?DES 鍥犱负鏈?3 鎵€浠ユ渶鏂般€?/p>

娣樻卑銆?DES 鏄棫鏂规寤堕暱瀵垮懡锛屼笉鏄幇浠ｉ閫夈€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳€侀攣銆佸彔閿併€佹柊鏌溿€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆蹇嗙敾闈€侱ES 鑰侀攣锛?DES 鍙犱笁娆★紝AES 鏂版煖銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆€侀攣銆佸彔閿併€佹柊鏌溾€濄€傝緟鍔╂暟瀛椾竴瀹氬啓杩涘幓锛欴ES 56/64锛孉ES 128 鍧椼€?28/192/256 瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DES / 3DES / AES = 鑰侀攣銆佸彔閿併€佹柊鏌溿€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欴ES 杩欐妸鑰侀攣鍙湁 56 浣嶆湁鏁堥挜鍖欙紝宸茬粡涓嶅畨鍏紱3DES 鎶婅€侀攣鐢ㄤ笁娆★紝绠楄繃娓℃柟妗堬紱AES 鏄幇浠ｄ富娴佷繚闄╂煖锛?28 浣嶅垎缁勶紝瀵嗛挜鍙€?128銆?92銆?56 浣嶃€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細AES 鏄綋鍓嶄富娴佸绉板垎缁勫姞瀵嗘爣鍑嗭紝DES 宸蹭笉瀹夊叏锛?DES 灞炰簬鏃у紡杩囨浮鏂规銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍦ㄥ叕鍙镐粨搴撻噷鍙戠幇涓夌閿併€?/p>

绗竴绉嶆槸 DES 鑰侀攣銆?/p>

閽ュ寵澶煭锛岀幇鍦ㄥ伐鍏峰己浜嗭紝寰堝鏄撹鎾€?/p>

绗簩绉嶆槸 3DES銆?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樿锛氣€滈偅灏辨妸鑰侀攣杩炵画閿佷笁閬嶃€傗€?/p>

瀹冩瘮 DES 瀹夊叏浜涳紝浣嗗張鎱㈠張鏃с€?/p>

绗笁绉嶆槸 AES銆?/p>

鏂扮郴缁熴€佺‖鐩樺姞瀵嗐€佸緢澶氱幇浠ｅ崗璁兘浼氫紭鍏堣€冭檻瀹冦€?/p>

灏忔灄鍋氶鏃朵笉鐢ㄦ妸瀹冧滑鎯虫垚涓変覆瀛楁瘝銆?/p>

浠栧彧瑕佸厛鍒ゆ柇鏃朵唬鍜屽己搴︼細DES 鑰佹棫涓嶅畨鍏紝3DES 杩囨浮锛孉ES 鐜颁唬涓绘祦銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂?strongest modern symmetric algorithm锛堢幇浠ｈ緝寮哄绉扮畻娉曪級锛屽父閫?AES銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?DES key length锛圖ES 瀵嗛挜闀垮害锛夛紝璁?56 浣嶆湁鏁堝瘑閽ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?AES key sizes锛圓ES 瀵嗛挜闀垮害锛夛紝璁?128 / 192 / 256 浣嶃€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?AES block size锛圓ES 鍒嗙粍澶у皬锛夛紝璁?128 浣嶃€?/p>

棰樼洰缁?ROT13銆丅lowfish銆?DES銆丄ES 杩欑被閫夐」鏃讹紝瑕佸厛鐪嬮鐩棶鐜颁唬鏍囧噯杩樻槸鏌愪釜鐗瑰畾鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

AES / DES / 3DES锛氱畻娉曘€?/p>

ECB / CBC / CTR / GCM锛氭ā寮忥紝涓嶆槸绠楁硶銆?/p>

RSA / ECC锛氶潪瀵圭О绠楁硶锛屼笉鏄绉板垎缁勭畻娉曘€?/p>

Hashing锛氬搱甯屼笉璐熻矗瑙ｅ瘑鍥炴潵锛屼笉鏄姞瀵嗙畻娉曘€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Block Cipher Modes / ECB / CBC / CTR / GCM / 鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜妯″紡

Block Cipher Modes 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸拰 AES 绠楁硶娣枫€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欰ES 鍍忎竴鎶婇攣锛屾ā寮忔槸鍦ㄨ涓€鎺掔瀛愯鎬庝箞涓€涓帴涓€涓湴閿併€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Block Cipher Mode = 鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜宸ヤ綔妯″紡銆?/p>

Block cipher锛堝垎缁勫瘑鐮侊級姣忔鍙兘澶勭悊鍥哄畾澶у皬鐨勪竴鍧楁暟鎹€?/p>

鐪熷疄鏂囦欢寰€寰€鏈夊緢澶氬潡銆?/p>

Mode of operation锛堝伐浣滄ā寮忥級灏辨槸瑙勫畾杩欎簺鍧楁€庝箞澶勭悊銆?/p>

鍚屾牱鐢?AES锛岄€夋嫨 ECB銆丆BC銆丆TR銆丟CM锛岃〃鐜颁細瀹屽叏涓嶅悓銆?/p>

鎵€浠ョ畻娉曞拰妯″紡瑕佸垎寮€璁般€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

IV = Initialization Vector锛堝垵濮嬪悜閲忥級锛氳鐩稿悓鏄庢枃鍦ㄤ笉鍚屽姞瀵嗕腑浜х敓涓嶅悓缁撴灉銆?/p>

Nonce锛堜竴娆℃€ч殢鏈烘暟 / 鍙敤涓€娆＄殑鏁帮級锛氬湪 CTR / GCM 閲屼笉鑳介噸澶嶄娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Pattern leakage锛堟ā寮忔硠闇诧級锛氭敾鍑昏€呬笉鐢ㄨВ瀵嗭紝涔熻兘鐪嬪嚭閲嶅鍥炬銆?/p>

Authenticated encryption锛堣璇佸姞瀵嗭級锛氭棦淇濆瘑锛屽張鑳介獙璇佸唴瀹规病鏈夎鏀广€?/p>

Tag锛堣璇佹爣绛撅級锛欸CM 鐢ㄦ潵妫€鏌ュ畬鏁存€у拰鐪熷疄鎬х殑鏍囩銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱畻娉曟槸閿侊紝妯″紡鏄竴鎺掔瀛愭€庝箞閿併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В鍐斥€滅畻娉曞拰妯″紡娣锋穯鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欵CB 鏄渶绠€鍗曚篃鏈€瀹夊叏銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侲CB 绠€鍗曪紝浣嗗鏄撴毚闇查噸澶嶆ā寮忋€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欸CM 閿佸畬杩樿创闃茬鏀瑰皝鏉°€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傚畠鑳借浣?GCM 甯﹁璇佹爣绛俱€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竴鎺掔瀛愭€庝箞閿佲€濄€傞噸鐐规妸 ECB銆丆BC銆丆TR銆丟CM 鐨勫樊寮傚啓鎴愬叿浣撳姩浣溿€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Block Cipher Modes = 涓€鎺掔瀛愮殑閿佹硶銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欵CB 姣忎釜绠卞瓙鍚勯攣鍚勭殑锛岀浉鍚岀瀛愰湶鍑虹浉鍚屽浘妗堬紱CBC 璁╁墠涓€涓瀛愬奖鍝嶅悗涓€涓瀛愶紱CTR 缁欐瘡绠辫创涓嶅悓璁℃暟缂栧彿锛汫CM 閿佸畬杩樿创闃茬鏀规爣绛俱€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜妯″紡鍐冲畾绠楁硶濡備綍澶勭悊澶氬潡鏁版嵁锛孍CB 搴旈伩鍏嶏紝CBC 闇€瑕?IV锛孋TR / GCM 瑕佷繚鎶?nonce锛孏CM 鍚屾椂鎻愪緵淇濆瘑鍜岃璇併€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鏈?100 涓枃浠跺潡瑕佸姞瀵嗐€?/p>

濡傛灉鐢?ECB锛屾瘡鍧楅兘鐙珛鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

鐩稿悓鐨勬槑鏂囧潡浼氬彉鎴愮浉鍚岀殑瀵嗘枃鍧椼€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呰櫧鐒剁湅涓嶆噦鍐呭锛屼絾鑳界湅鍑哄摢閲岄噸澶嶏紝灏卞儚鍔犲瘑鍚庣殑鍥剧墖杩橀殣绾﹂湶鍑鸿疆寤撱€?/p>

CBC 鏀硅繘浜嗗畠銆?/p>

姣忓潡鍔犲瘑鍓嶅厛鍜屽墠涓€鍧楃粨鏋滄悈鍦ㄤ竴璧凤紝杩橀渶瑕佷竴涓?IV 璧峰ご銆?/p>

CTR 鍐嶆崲鎬濊矾銆?/p>

瀹冪粰姣忓潡閰嶄竴涓笉鏂彉鍖栫殑璁℃暟鍣紝鏁堢巼楂橈紝杩樿兘骞惰銆?/p>

GCM 鍦?CTR 鐨勫熀纭€涓婂啀鍔犺璇佹爣绛俱€?/p>

鍒汉濡傛灉鏀逛簡瀵嗘枃锛屾爣绛句細瀵逛笉涓娿€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?ECB pattern leakage锛圗CB 鏆撮湶閲嶅妯″紡锛夋垨 identical plaintext blocks produce identical ciphertext blocks锛堢浉鍚屾槑鏂囧潡浜х敓鐩稿悓瀵嗘枃鍧楋級锛岄€?ECB銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?CBC IV锛圕BC 闇€瑕佸垵濮嬪悜閲忥級鎴?chaining锛堥摼鎺ワ級锛屾兂 CBC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?counter / nonce锛堣鏁板櫒 / 涓€娆℃€ф暟锛夈€乸arallel锛堝彲骞惰锛夛紝鎯?CTR銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?GCM authenticated encryption锛堣璇佸姞瀵嗭級銆乮ntegrity tag锛堝畬鏁存€ф爣绛撅級锛屾兂 GCM銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?AES 鏄粈涔堬紝AES 鏄畻娉曪紝涓嶆槸妯″紡銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

AES锛氬垎缁勫姞瀵嗙畻娉曘€?/p>

ECB / CBC / CTR / GCM锛欰ES 绛夊垎缁勭畻娉曠殑宸ヤ綔妯″紡銆?/p>

IV / nonce锛氫笉鏄瘑閽ワ紝浣嗕贡鐢ㄤ細鐮村潖瀹夊叏銆?/p>

HMAC锛氬崟鐙殑娑堟伅璁よ瘉鐮侊紱GCM 鑷甫璁よ瘉鏍囩锛屼笉绛変簬 HMAC銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Key Management = 瀵嗛挜绠＄悊銆?/p>

瀹冪 cryptographic key锛堝瘑鐮佸瘑閽ワ級鐨勬暣涓敓鍛藉懆鏈熴€?/p>

鍖呮嫭 generation锛堢敓鎴愶級銆乨istribution锛堝垎鍙戯級銆乻torage锛堝瓨鍌級銆乽se锛堜娇鐢級銆乺otation锛堣疆鎹級銆乺evocation锛堟挙閿€锛夈€乺ecovery锛堟仮澶嶏級銆乨estruction锛堥攢姣侊級銆?/p>

Split Knowledge = 鍒嗗壊鐭ヨ瘑銆?/p>

鎰忔€濇槸娌℃湁涓€涓汉鐭ラ亾瀹屾暣绉樺瘑銆?/p>

Dual Control = 鍙屼汉鎺у埗銆?/p>

鎰忔€濇槸涓€涓汉涓嶈兘鍗曠嫭瀹屾垚鍏抽敭鎿嶄綔锛屽繀椤讳袱涓汉涓€璧锋墽琛屻€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Key lifecycle锛堝瘑閽ョ敓鍛藉懆鏈燂級锛氬瘑閽ヤ粠鍑虹敓鍒伴攢姣佺殑涓€鏁村娴佺▼銆?/p>

Key escrow锛堝瘑閽ユ墭绠★級锛氭妸瀵嗛挜鎴栨仮澶嶆潗鏂欎氦缁欏彈鎺х涓夋柟鎴栨祦绋嬩繚瀛橈紝鐢ㄤ簬鎭㈠銆?/p>

HSM = Hardware Security Module锛堢‖浠跺畨鍏ㄦā鍧楋級锛氫笓闂ㄤ繚鎶ゅ拰浣跨敤瀵嗛挜鐨勮澶囥€?/p>

Split knowledge锛堝垎鍓茬煡璇嗭級锛氱瀵嗘媶鎴愬嚑浠斤紝鍗曚釜浜哄彧鐭ラ亾涓€閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

Dual control锛堝弻浜烘帶鍒讹級锛氬叧閿姩浣滈渶瑕佷袱涓汉鍚屾椂鍙備笌銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶挜鍖欎贡鏀撅紝鍐嶅ソ鐨勯攣涔熸病鐢ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忓瘑閽ョ鐞嗙殑閲嶈鎬с€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫袱涓汉灏辨槸鍒嗗壊鐭ヨ瘑銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お绮椼€備袱涓汉鍙兘鏄弻浜烘帶鍒讹紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸鍒嗗壊鐭ヨ瘑锛岃鐪嬮骞查棶鈥滅煡閬撶瀵嗏€濊繕鏄€滄墽琛屾搷浣溾€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭媶寮€鐭ラ亾锛屼袱浜烘搷浣溿€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滃尯鍒嗛挬瀛愩€傚墠鍗婂彞瀵瑰簲 Split Knowledge锛屽悗鍗婂彞瀵瑰簲 Dual Control銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅畻娉曞己涓嶅己锛屽厛鐪嬮挜鍖欑涓嶇鈥濄€傝緟鍔╁尯鍒嗘槸鈥滃垎鍓茬煡璇嗙鐭ラ亾澶氬皯锛屽弻浜烘帶鍒剁鑳戒笉鑳藉崟鐙仛鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Key Management = 绠￠挜鍖欎竴鐢熴€?/p>

Split Knowledge = 绉樺瘑鎷嗗紑锛屾病鏈変汉鐭ラ亾瀹屾暣閽ュ寵銆?/p>

Dual Control = 鎿嶄綔涓婇攣锛屼竴涓汉涓嶈兘鍗曠嫭瀹屾垚銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫富瀵嗛挜涓嶅啓鍦ㄧ焊涓婏紝鑰屾槸杩?HSM锛涘瘑閽ュ畾鏈熻疆鎹紝杩囨湡鎾ら攢锛屾姤搴熼攢姣侊紱濡傛灉鏄渶楂樻晱鎰熷瘑閽ワ紝灏辨妸绉樺瘑鎷嗗紑缁欏浜轰繚绠★紝鐪熸鍚敤鏃惰繕瑕佷袱涓汉涓€璧峰埌鍦烘搷浣溿€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀵嗛挜绠＄悊瑕嗙洊瀵嗛挜鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡锛屽垎鍓茬煡璇嗛檺鍒跺崟涓汉鐭ラ亾瀹屾暣绉樺瘑锛屽弻浜烘帶鍒堕檺鍒跺崟涓汉瀹屾垚鍏抽敭鎿嶄綔銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃浠ュ墠鎶婃暟鎹簱瀵嗛挜鍐欏湪鍏变韩鏂囨。閲屻€?/p>

鍚庢潵绠楁硶鍐嶅己涔熷嚭浜嬩簡銆?/p>

鏈変汉绂昏亴鍚庯紝鏃у瘑閽ヨ繕娌℃崲銆?/p>

鏈変汉鎶婂瘑閽ュ鍒跺埌娴嬭瘯鐜銆?/p>

鏈変汉蹇樹簡閿€姣佹棫澶囦唤銆?/p>

鍏徃寮€濮嬪仛瀵嗛挜绠＄悊銆?/p>

鏂板瘑閽ョ敱涓撻棬绯荤粺鐢熸垚銆?/p>

瀵嗛挜鏀捐繘 HSM銆?/p>

浣跨敤鏈夎褰曘€?/p>

鍒版湡瑕佽疆鎹€?/p>

浜哄憳绂昏亴瑕佹挙閿€璁块棶銆?/p>

鏃у瘑閽ヨ鎸夋祦绋嬮攢姣併€?/p>

鏈€楂樻晱鎰熺殑涓诲瘑閽ヤ笉鑳借涓€涓汉鐭ラ亾瀹屾暣鍐呭銆?/p>

Alice 鍙煡閬撲竴娈碉紝Bob 鍙煡閬撲竴娈碉紝杩欏彨 Split Knowledge銆?/p>

鐪熸鍚敤瀵嗛挜鏃讹紝Alice 鍜?Bob 蹇呴』鍚屾椂鍒板満鎿嶄綔锛岃繖鍙?Dual Control銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?key lifecycle锛堝瘑閽ョ敓鍛藉懆鏈燂級銆乲ey generation锛堝瘑閽ョ敓鎴愶級銆乲ey distribution锛堝瘑閽ュ垎鍙戯級銆乲ey storage锛堝瘑閽ュ瓨鍌級銆乲ey destruction锛堝瘑閽ラ攢姣侊級锛屽厛閫?Key Management銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?crypto period锛堝瘑鐮佸懆鏈燂級鎴?key rotation锛堝瘑閽ヨ疆鎹級锛屼篃鍦ㄥ瘑閽ョ鐞嗛噷銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?split knowledge锛堝垎鍓茬煡璇嗭級锛岀湅鈥滄病鏈変竴涓汉鐭ラ亾瀹屾暣瀵嗛挜鈥濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?dual control锛堝弻浜烘帶鍒讹級锛岀湅鈥滀袱涓汉鍏卞悓鎵ц鍏抽敭鎿嶄綔鈥濄€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?key escrow锛堝瘑閽ユ墭绠★級锛岀湅鎭㈠瀵嗛挜鎴栫涓夋柟鎵樼瀹夋帓銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Split Knowledge锛氱煡璇嗚鎷嗗紑锛屽崟涓汉涓嶇煡閬撳畬鏁寸瀵嗐€?/p>

Dual Control锛氭搷浣滆缁戝畾锛屽崟涓汉涓嶈兘鐙嚜瀹屾垚銆?/p>

Separation of Duties锛堣亴璐ｅ垎绂伙級锛氭洿澶ц寖鍥寸殑娴佺▼鎷嗗垎锛屼笉鍙敤浜庡瘑閽ャ€?/p>

Least Privilege锛堟渶灏忔潈闄愶級锛氬彧缁欏鐢ㄦ潈闄愶紝涓嶇瓑浜庝袱浜烘帶鍒躲€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

RSA = Rivest-Shamir-Adleman銆?/p>

瀹冩槸闈炲父缁忓吀鐨?asymmetric algorithm锛堥潪瀵圭О绠楁硶锛夈€?/p>

RSA 鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ熀纭€鏄?factoring large primes锛堝垎瑙ｅぇ绱犳暟涔樼Н寰堥毦锛夈€?/p>

瀹冧娇鐢?public key锛堝叕閽ワ級鍜?private key锛堢閽ワ級銆?/p>

缁欏埆浜哄彂淇濆瘑娑堟伅鏃讹紝鐢ㄦ帴鏀惰€呭叕閽ュ姞瀵嗐€?/p>

鎺ユ敹鑰呯敤鑷繁鐨勭閽ヨВ瀵嗐€?/p>

鍋氭暟瀛楃鍚嶆椂锛屽彂閫佽€呯敤鑷繁鐨勭閽ョ鍚嶃€?/p>

鍒汉鐢ㄥ彂閫佽€呭叕閽ラ獙璇併€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Factoring锛堝洜寮忓垎瑙ｏ級锛氭妸涓€涓緢澶х殑鏁版媶鍥炰袱涓ぇ绱犳暟锛屽緢闅俱€?/p>

Public key encrypts锛堝叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭級锛氬埆浜哄彲浠ョ敤浣犵殑鍏挜閿佺粰浣犮€?/p>

Private key decrypts锛堢閽ヨВ瀵嗭級锛氬彧鏈変綘鑳芥墦寮€缁欎綘鐨勫瘑鏂囥€?/p>

Private key signs锛堢閽ョ鍚嶏級锛氬彧鏈夌閽ユ寔鏈夎€呰兘鐩栧嚭鑷繁鐨勭珷銆?/p>

Public key verifies锛堝叕閽ラ獙璇侊級锛氬埆浜虹敤鍏紑楠岀珷鏉挎鏌ョ珷鏄笉鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕寮€鎸傞攣锛岀浜洪挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣?RSA 鐨勪繚瀵嗙敤娉曘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱浜哄嵃绔狅紝鍏紑楠岀珷鏉裤€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣?RSA 鐨勭鍚嶇敤娉曘€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歊SA 鐢ㄦ潵鍔犲瘑鎵€鏈夊ぇ鏂囦欢銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆俁SA 鎱紝澶ф暟鎹€氬父浜ょ粰瀵圭О浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀袱闈㈤暅澶达細淇濆瘑鐪嬫寕閿侊紝绛惧悕鐪嬪嵃绔犫€濄€傝繖鏍蜂笉浼氭妸鍔犲瘑鍜岀鍚嶆柟鍚戝啓鍙嶃€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

RSA = 鍏挜鎸傞攣 + 绉侀挜鍗扮珷銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬埆浜虹敤浣犵殑鍏挜鎸傞攣鎶婄洅瀛愰攣缁欎綘锛屼綘鐢ㄧ閽ユ墦寮€锛涗綘鐢ㄧ閽ュ嵃绔犵粰鏂囦欢绛惧悕锛屽埆浜虹敤浣犵殑鍏挜楠岀珷銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細RSA 鏄熀浜庡ぇ绱犳暟鍒嗚В鐨勯潪瀵圭О绠楁硶锛屽彲鐢ㄤ簬鍔犲瘑鍜屾暟瀛楃鍚嶏紝浣嗛€氬父涓嶇洿鎺ュ鐞嗗ぇ閲忔暟鎹€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鎶婅嚜宸辩殑鍏挜鎸傞攣鏀惧埌鍏徃鍓嶅彴銆?/p>

浠讳綍浜洪兘鑳芥嬁杩欎釜鎸傞攣鎶婅祫鏂欑閿佷笂瀵勭粰灏忔灄銆?/p>

绠卞瓙閿佷笂浠ュ悗锛屽瘎浠朵汉鑷繁涔熸墦涓嶅紑銆?/p>

鍙湁灏忔灄鍙ｈ閲岀殑绉侀挜鑳芥墦寮€銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?RSA 鐨勪繚瀵嗙敾闈€?/p>

鍚庢潵灏忔灄瑕佹壒鍑嗗悎鍚屻€?/p>

浠栦笉鎯虫妸鍚堝悓钘忚捣鏉ワ紝鍙兂璇佹槑鈥滆繖纭疄鏄垜绛剧殑锛岃€屼笖鍐呭娌¤鏀光€濄€?/p>

浠栫敤绉侀挜鐩栫珷銆?/p>

鍒汉鐢ㄤ粬鐨勫叕閽ラ獙绔犮€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?RSA 鐨勭鍚嶇敾闈€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?RSA銆丷ivest-Shamir-Adleman銆乫actoring large primes锛堝垎瑙ｅぇ绱犳暟锛夛紝鍏堟兂 RSA銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Richard 瑕佺粰 Sue 鍙戜繚瀵嗘秷鎭紝鐢?Sue's public key锛圫ue 鐨勫叕閽ワ級鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Richard 鏀跺埌鍒汉鐢?RSA 鍙戠粰浠栫殑瀵嗘枃锛岀敤 Richard's private key锛圧ichard 鐨勭閽ワ級瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Richard 瑕佹暟瀛楃鍚嶏紝鐢?Richard's private key锛圧ichard 鐨勭閽ワ級绛惧悕銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂ぇ閲忔暟鎹姞瀵嗭紝RSA 閫氬父涓嶆槸鏈€浣冲崟鐙柟妗堬紝瑕佺湅鏁板瓧淇″皝鎴栧绉板姞瀵嗐€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

RSA锛氶潪瀵圭О绠楁硶锛屽彲鍔犲瘑銆佸彲绛惧悕锛屼緷璧栧ぇ鏁板垎瑙ｃ€?/p>

Diffie-Hellman锛氬瘑閽ヤ氦鎹紝涓嶆槸鐩存帴鍔犲瘑姝ｆ枃銆?/p>

AES锛氬绉扮畻娉曪紝閫傚悎澶ч噺鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Hashing锛氬搱甯屽彧鐢熸垚鎽樿锛屼笉鏄叕閽ョ畻娉曘€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Diffie-Hellman / DH / 瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲

Diffie-Hellman 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸啓鎴愨€滃彟涓€绉嶅姞瀵嗙畻娉曗€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欴H 鐨勬牳蹇冧笉鏄洿鎺ラ攣鏂囦欢锛岃€屾槸璁╀袱涓汉鍦ㄥ叕寮€鍦哄悎鍚勮嚜璋冩紗锛屾渶鍚庤皟鍑哄悓涓€妗剁瀵嗛鑹层€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Diffie-Hellman = DH 瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲 / 瀵嗛挜鍗忓晢銆?/p>

瀹冩湰韬笉鏄?encryption protocol锛堝姞瀵嗗崗璁級鎴?signature algorithm锛堢鍚嶇畻娉曪級銆?/p>

瀹冭В鍐崇殑鏄?key exchange / key agreement锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹?/ 瀵嗛挜鍗忓晢锛夈€?/p>

涓や釜浜哄彲浠ュ湪鍏紑缃戠粶涓婁氦鎹竴浜涜绠楃粨鏋溿€?/p>

鏃佽鑰呰兘鐪嬪埌浜ゆ崲杩囩▼锛屽嵈寰堥毦绠楀嚭鏈€缁堝叡浜瀵嗐€?/p>

鏈€鍚庡弻鏂瑰緱鍒板悓涓€涓?shared secret锛堝叡浜瀵嗭級锛屽悗缁彲浠ョ敤瀹冪敓鎴愬绉颁細璇濆瘑閽ャ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Key exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級锛氬弻鏂瑰崗鍟嗗嚭鍚屼竴鎶婄瀵嗐€?/p>

Shared secret锛堝叡浜瀵嗭級锛氬弻鏂规渶鍚庨兘鐭ラ亾锛屾梺瑙傝€呬笉鐭ラ亾銆?/p>

DHE锛堜复鏃?Diffie-Hellman锛夛細姣忔浼氳瘽鐢ㄤ复鏃跺弬鏁般€?/p>

ECDHE锛堟き鍦嗘洸绾夸复鏃?Diffie-Hellman锛夛細鐢ㄦき鍦嗘洸绾垮仛涓存椂瀵嗛挜鍗忓晢銆?/p>

Forward secrecy锛堝墠鍚戜繚瀵嗭級锛氶暱鏈熷瘑閽ヤ互鍚庢硠闇诧紝涔熶笉搴旇В寮€杩囧幓鐨勪細璇濄€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕寮€璋冩紗锛屾渶鍚庡悓鑹层€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忓叕寮€浜ゆ崲涔熻兘寰楀埌鍏卞悓绉樺瘑銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欴H 璐熻矗璇佹槑瀵规柟鏄皝銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侱H 涓嶈嚜鍔ㄨ璇佽韩浠姐€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫复鏃惰皟鑹叉澘銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣?DHE / ECDHE 閽╁瓙銆傛瘡娆′細璇濋噸鏂拌皟锛岃繃鍘荤殑棰滆壊涓嶈琚悗鏉ラ挜鍖欐嫋绱€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叕寮€璋冩紗鈥濄€傝緟鍔╄鍛婃槸鈥滃彧璋冨嚭鍏卞悓棰滆壊锛屼笉鏌ュ鏂硅韩浠借瘉鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Diffie-Hellman = 鍏紑璋冩紗锛屽崗鍟嗗悓涓€鎶婄瀵嗛挜鍖欍€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫袱涓汉鍏紑浜ゆ崲鍗婃垚鍝侀鏂欙紝鍚勮嚜鍐嶅姞鑷繁鐨勭瀵嗚壊娴嗭紝鏈€鍚庝袱杈硅皟鍑哄悓涓€绉嶇瀵嗛鑹诧紱鏃佽鑰呯湅鍒拌繃绋嬶紝涔熷緢闅捐繕鍘熺瀵嗐€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DH 鏄瘑閽ヤ氦鎹㈠崗璁紝鐢ㄦ潵鍗忓晢鍏变韩绉樺瘑锛岄€氬父闇€瑕佽瘉涔︽垨绛惧悕閰嶅悎闃蹭腑闂翠汉銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍜屽皬鐜嬮殧鐫€鐜荤拑妗岃皟棰滆壊銆?/p>

澶у閮借兘鐪嬭浠栦滑鏀惧湪妗屼笂鐨勫簳婕嗗拰鍗婃垚鍝併€?/p>

浣嗗皬鏋楁墜閲屾湁鑷繁鐨勭瀵嗚壊娴嗐€?/p>

灏忕帇鎵嬮噷涔熸湁鑷繁鐨勭瀵嗚壊娴嗐€?/p>

浠栦滑浜ゆ崲鍗婃垚鍝佸悗锛屽悇鑷啀鍊掑叆鑷繁鐨勭瀵嗚壊娴嗐€?/p>

鏈€鍚庝袱杈瑰緱鍒板悓涓€绉嶉鑹层€?/p>

璺汉鍙湅瑙佸叕寮€鏉愭枡鍜屽崐鎴愬搧锛屽緢闅捐皟鍑烘渶缁堥鑹层€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?DH 鐨勬牳蹇冦€?/p>

浣嗗鏋滀腑闂存湁浜哄啋鍏呭皬鐜嬪拰灏忔灄鍒嗗埆璋冭壊锛屽皬鏋楀苟涓嶇煡閬撱€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ疄闄呭崗璁噷杩樿璇佷功鎴栫鍚嶆潵璁よ瘉韬唤銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Diffie-Hellman銆丏H銆乲ey exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級銆乻hared secret锛堝叡浜瀵嗭級锛屽厛閫?DH銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DHE / EDH锛堜复鏃?DH锛夋垨 ECDHE锛堟き鍦嗘洸绾夸复鏃?DH锛夛紝鎯冲埌涓存椂浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜鍜屽墠鍚戜繚瀵嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滆繖涓畻娉曟湰韬槸涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑姝ｆ枃鈥濓紝绛旀鏄惁锛涘畠涓昏鍗忓晢瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄病鏈夎璇佷細鎬曚粈涔堚€濓紝鐪?MITM锛堜腑闂翠汉鏀诲嚮锛夈€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Diffie-Hellman锛氬崗鍟嗗叡浜瀵嗐€?/p>

RSA锛氬彲鐢ㄤ簬鍔犲瘑鍜岀鍚嶃€?/p>

TLS锛氫細浣跨敤 DH / ECDHE 绛夋柟寮忓崗鍟嗕細璇濆瘑閽ワ紝浣?TLS 鏄畬鏁村崗璁€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氳瘉鏄庤韩浠藉拰鏉ユ簮锛岃兘琛?DH 韬唤璁よ瘉鐨勭己鍙ｃ€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細ECC / Elliptic Curve Cryptography / 妞渾鏇茬嚎瀵嗙爜

ECC 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佷粠鏇茬嚎鍏紡寮€濮嬭儗銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欵CC 鍍忓皬灏哄绮惧瘑閽ュ寵锛屽悓绛夌骇瀹夊叏涓嬫瘮 RSA 閽ュ寵鐭緢澶氾紝鏇撮€傚悎鎵嬫満銆佺墿鑱旂綉鍜屾€ц兘鍙楅檺鐜銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

ECC = Elliptic Curve Cryptography锛堟き鍦嗘洸绾垮瘑鐮侊級銆?/p>

瀹冩槸涓€绫诲熀浜庢き鍦嗘洸绾挎暟瀛﹂毦棰樼殑闈炲绉板瘑鐮佹妧鏈€?/p>

閲嶇偣涓嶆槸瑕佷綘鎵嬬畻鏇茬嚎銆?/p>

鑰冭瘯鏈€甯歌浣犺锛歴ame cryptographic strength but shorter key锛堢浉鍚屽己搴︿笅瀵嗛挜鏇寸煭锛夈€?/p>

姣斿璧勬枡閲屽父瑙佸己搴﹀鐓э細3072-bit RSA 澶х害瀵瑰簲 256-bit ECC 绾у埆銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Elliptic curve锛堟き鍦嗘洸绾匡級锛氭彁渚涙暟瀛﹂毦棰樼殑鍩虹銆?/p>

Shorter key same strength锛堢煭瀵嗛挜鍚岀瓑寮哄害锛夛細ECC 楂橀鑰冭瘯淇″彿銆?/p>

ECDH锛氭き鍦嗘洸绾?Diffie-Hellman銆?/p>

ECDHE锛氫复鏃舵き鍦嗘洸绾?Diffie-Hellman锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬鍓嶅悜淇濆瘑銆?/p>

ECDSA锛氭き鍦嗘洸绾挎暟瀛楃鍚嶇畻娉曘€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬皬灏哄绮惧瘑閽ュ寵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忕煭瀵嗛挜鍜岄珮寮哄害銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欵CC 绛変簬閲忓瓙鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侲CC 涓嶆槸閲忓瓙瀵嗙爜锛屼篃涓嶆槸澶╃劧鎶楅噺瀛愩€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭墜鏈洪挶鍖呴噷鐨勫己閽ュ寵銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€傚畠鑳借浣忚祫婧愬彈闄愬満鏅€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃皬鑰屽己鐨勯挜鍖欌€濄€傝繖姣旇儗鍏紡鏇撮€傚悎灏忕櫧銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

ECC = 灏忛挜鍖欙紝鍚岀瓑绾у己搴︺€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歊SA 閽ュ寵鍍忎竴澶т覆閲嶉挜鍖欙紝ECC 鍍忎竴鎶婂皬鑰岀簿瀵嗙殑閽ュ寵锛涘悓绛夌骇瀹夊叏涓嬶紝ECC 鏇寸煭銆佹洿杞汇€佹洿閫傚悎灏忚澶囥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細妞渾鏇茬嚎瀵嗙爜鐢ㄨ緝鐭瘑閽ユ彁渚涚被浼煎己搴︼紝鍙敤浜庡瘑閽ヤ氦鎹㈠拰鏁板瓧绛惧悕銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佺粰涓ょ璁惧閰嶅畨鍏ㄩ€氫俊銆?/p>

涓€鍙版槸鏈嶅姟鍣紝鐢靛姏鍜岀畻鍔涢兘鍏呰冻銆?/p>

鍙︿竴鍙版槸灏忓瀷浼犳劅鍣紝鐢垫睜寰堝皬锛屽鐞嗗櫒涔熷急銆?/p>

濡傛灉缁欏畠濉炰竴澶т覆绗ㄩ噸閽ュ寵锛屽畠姣忔寮€闂ㄩ兘寰堢疮銆?/p>

ECC 鍍忎竴鎶婂皬鑰岀簿瀵嗙殑閽ュ寵銆?/p>

閽ュ寵鐭紝璁＄畻璐熸媴灏忥紝鍗磋兘杈惧埌鐩歌繎寮哄害銆?/p>

鎵€浠ョ湅鍒扳€滃悓鏍峰己搴︿絾瀵嗛挜鏇寸煭鈥濓紝灏忔灄灏辫鎯冲埌 ECC銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?elliptic curve锛堟き鍦嗘洸绾匡級銆乻horter key same strength锛堢煭瀵嗛挜鍚岀瓑寮哄害锛夈€乺esource constrained锛堣祫婧愬彈闄愶級锛屽厛鎯?ECC銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?3072-bit RSA 杞垚鍚岀瓑寮哄害 ECC锛屽父瑙佺瓟妗堟槸 256-bit ECC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ECDHE锛屾兂妞渾鏇茬嚎涓存椂瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲鍜屽墠鍚戜繚瀵嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ECDSA 鎴?EdDSA锛屾兂妞渾鏇茬嚎绛惧悕銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

ECC锛氶潪瀵圭О瀵嗙爜浣撶郴銆?/p>

AES锛氬绉扮畻娉曘€?/p>

Quantum Cryptography锛氶噺瀛愬瘑閽ュ垎鍙戠瓑姒傚康锛屼笉鏄?ECC銆?/p>

Post-quantum cryptography锛堝悗閲忓瓙瀵嗙爜锛夛細鎶楅噺瀛愭敾鍑荤殑鏂扮畻娉曟柟鍚戯紝涓嶇瓑浜?ECC銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

ElGamal 鏄竴绉?public key cryptosystem锛堝叕閽ュ瘑鐮佺郴缁燂級銆?/p>

瀹冨拰 Diffie-Hellman 鍏崇郴寰堣繎锛屽熀浜?discrete logarithm problem锛堢鏁ｅ鏁伴毦棰橈級銆?/p>

瀹冨彲浠ョ敤浜庡叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭紝涔熸湁绛惧悕鐩稿叧鍙樹綋銆?/p>

鑰冭瘯甯歌璁板繂鐐癸細ElGamal 鍔犲瘑鍚庣殑 ciphertext锛堝瘑鏂囷級澶х害浼氬彉鎴?plaintext锛堟槑鏂囷級鐨勪袱鍊嶉暱搴︺€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ畠涓嶉€傚悎澶ч噺鏁版嵁鐩存帴鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Discrete logarithm锛堢鏁ｅ鏁帮級锛欵lGamal 鍜?DH 鍏卞悓渚濊禆鐨勬暟瀛﹂毦棰樸€?/p>

Random value锛堥殢鏈哄€硷級锛欵lGamal 鍔犲瘑姣忔浼氬紩鍏ラ殢鏈烘€с€?/p>

Ciphertext doubles锛堝瘑鏂囧彉涓ゅ€嶏級锛氳€冭瘯楂橀鏁板瓧淇″彿銆?/p>

Public key encryption锛堝叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭級锛氬彲鐢ㄦ帴鏀惰€呭叕閽ュ姞瀵嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭瘡灏佷俊璐存柊鐨勯殢鏈哄皝鏉°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忛殢鏈烘€с€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欵lGamal 灏辨槸 DH銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚叧绯昏繎锛屼絾 DH 鏄瘑閽ヤ氦鎹紝ElGamal 鍙仛鍏挜鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬寘瑁瑰彉鑳栦竴鍊嶃€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆€冭瘯閽╁瓙銆傚畠鑳借浣忓瘑鏂囪啫鑳€銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈殢鏈哄皝鏉?+ 鍖呰９鍙樿儢鈥濄€傝繖鑳芥妸 ElGamal 鍜?DH 鍖哄垎寮€銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

ElGamal = DH 瀹舵棌鐨勫叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭紝灏佹潯闅忔満锛屽寘瑁瑰彉鑳栥€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬悓涓€鍙ヨ瘽姣忔鐢?ElGamal 鎵撳寘锛屽闈㈢殑鍖呰９鏍峰瓙閮藉彲鑳戒笉鍚岋紱浣嗕唬浠锋槸瀵嗘枃浼氬彉闀匡紝甯歌鑰冩硶鏄暱搴︾炕鍊嶃€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細ElGamal 鏄熀浜庣鏁ｅ鏁扮殑鍏挜绠楁硶锛屽拰 DH 鍏崇郴杩戯紝浣嗚兘鐢ㄤ簬鍏挜鍔犲瘑锛屼笖瀵嗘枃鑶ㄨ儉鏄庢樉銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缁欏皬鐜嬪瘎鍚屼竴鍙ヨ瘽锛氣€滃懆浜斿紑浼氥€傗€?/p>

濡傛灉姣忔鍖呰９闀垮緱瀹屽叏涓€鏍凤紝鍒汉瀹规槗鐪嬭寰嬨€?/p>

ElGamal 鍍忔瘡娆￠兘璐翠竴涓柊鐨勯殢鏈哄皝鏉°€?/p>

鍚屼竴鍙ヨ瘽鍙戜袱娆★紝澶栭潰鐨勫瘑鏂囧寘瑁逛篃鍙兘涓嶄竴鏍枫€?/p>

浣嗗皝鏉″拰鍖呰鏉愭枡浼氳鍖呰９鍙樺ぇ銆?/p>

鍘熸潵涓€椤电焊锛屾墦鍖呭悗鍙兘鍍忎袱椤电焊銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ畠鑳藉仛鍏挜鍔犲瘑锛屼絾涓嶉€傚悎鐩存帴杩愬ぇ閲忚揣銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?ElGamal銆乪xtension of Diffie-Hellman锛圖H 鎵╁睍锛夈€乨iscrete logarithm锛堢鏁ｅ鏁帮級锛屽厛鎯?ElGamal銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?2048-bit plaintext 鐢?ElGamal 鍚庡瘑鏂囧闀匡紝甯歌绛旀鏄?4096 bits銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶 key exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級锛屾洿鍍?Diffie-Hellman銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?shorter key same strength锛堢煭瀵嗛挜鍚岀瓑寮哄害锛夛紝鏇村儚 ECC銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

ElGamal锛氬叕閽ュ姞瀵嗭紝瀵嗘枃浼氳啫鑳€銆?/p>

Diffie-Hellman锛氬瘑閽ヤ氦鎹€?/p>

RSA锛氬熀浜庡ぇ鏁板垎瑙ｃ€?/p>

ECC锛氱煭瀵嗛挜鍚岀瓑寮哄害銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Quantum Cryptography = 閲忓瓙瀵嗙爜瀛︺€?/p>

CISSP 璇閲屽父瑙侀噸鐐规槸 QKD = Quantum Key Distribution锛堥噺瀛愬瘑閽ュ垎鍙戯級銆?/p>

QKD 涓嶆槸鐩存帴鎶婃墍鏈変笟鍔℃暟鎹兘鐢ㄩ噺瀛愭柟寮忓姞瀵嗐€?/p>

瀹冩洿鍍忕敤閲忓瓙鐗规€у垎鍙戝瘑閽ユ潗鏂欍€?/p>

濡傛灉绐冨惉鑰呭湪璺笂瑙傚療閲忓瓙鐘舵€侊紝鐘舵€佷細琚壈鍔ㄣ€?/p>

鍙屾柟鎶芥煡鏃惰兘鍙戠幇寮傚父锛岀劧鍚庝涪寮冭繖鎵瑰瘑閽ユ潗鏂欍€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Qubit锛堥噺瀛愪綅锛夛細閲忓瓙淇℃伅鍗曚綅銆?/p>

Photon锛堝厜瀛愶級锛歈KD 涓父瑙佹壙杞芥柟寮忋€?/p>

Eavesdropping detection锛堢獌鍚娴嬶級锛氭湁浜虹湅杩囦細鐣欎笅鎵板姩銆?/p>

Post-quantum cryptography锛堝悗閲忓瓙瀵嗙爜锛夛細鍦ㄦ櫘閫氳绠楁満涓婅繍琛屻€佹姷鎶楅噺瀛愭敾鍑荤殑鏂扮畻娉曟柟鍚戙€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竴纰板氨鐣欑棔鐨勫厜瀛愬皝鏉°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忕獌鍚娴嬨€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶噺瀛愮洿鎺ュ姞瀵嗘墍鏈夋祦閲忋€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝€冭瘯甯歌€冪殑鏄瘑閽ュ垎鍙戯紝涓嶆槸涓囪兘涓氬姟鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶挜鍖欐潗鏂欐娊鏌ャ€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬪姩浣溿€傛娊鏌ュ彂鐜板紓甯稿氨涓㈠純銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃厜瀛愬皝鏉♀€濄€傝緟鍔╄鍛婃槸鈥滈噺瀛愬瘑鐮佸甯歌€?QKD锛屼笉瑕佸啓鎴愬悗閲忓瓙绠楁硶鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Quantum Cryptography = 鐢ㄤ竴纰扮暀鐥曠殑閲忓瓙鏉愭枡鍒嗗彂閽ュ寵銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫袱杈逛紶鐨勪笉鏄櫘閫氶挜鍖欑焊鏉★紝鑰屾槸涓€涓茶剢寮辩殑閲忓瓙灏佹潯锛涜矾涓婃湁浜哄伔鐪嬶紝灏佹潯鐘舵€佷細鍙橈紝鍙屾柟鎶芥煡鏃惰兘鍙戠幇銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細閲忓瓙瀵嗛挜鍒嗗彂鍒╃敤閲忓瓙娴嬮噺浼氭壈鍔ㄧ姸鎬佺殑鐗规€э紝璁╃獌鍚妫€娴嬪嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍜屽皬鐜嬭鍒嗗彂涓€鎶婂瘑閽ャ€?/p>

鏅€氱焊鏉″湪璺笂琚媿鐓э紝浠栦滑鏈繀鐭ラ亾銆?/p>

閲忓瓙瀵嗛挜鍒嗗彂鍍忕敤涓€涓插緢鑴嗙殑鍏夊瓙灏佹潯浼犳潗鏂欍€?/p>

濡傛灉涓棿鏈変汉鍋风湅锛屽皝鏉＄姸鎬佷細琚敼鍙樸€?/p>

灏忔灄鍜屽皬鐜嬩簨鍚庢娊鏌ヤ竴閮ㄥ垎灏佹潯銆?/p>

濡傛灉鐥曡抗涓嶅锛屽氨鐭ラ亾杩欐壒鏉愭枡涓嶅共鍑€锛岀洿鎺ヤ涪鎺夈€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄噺瀛愬瘑鐮佸鍦ㄨ€冭瘯閲岀殑涓昏鐢婚潰銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?QKD锛堥噺瀛愬瘑閽ュ垎鍙戯級銆乹ubits锛堥噺瀛愪綅锛夈€乸hotons锛堝厜瀛愶級銆乨etect eavesdropping锛堟娴嬬獌鍚級锛屽厛鎯?Quantum Cryptography銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?quantum computing threatens RSA / DH / ECC锛堥噺瀛愯绠楀▉鑳?RSA銆丏H銆丒CC锛夛紝瑕佹兂鍒颁紶缁熼潪瀵圭О绠楁硶闈复閲忓瓙椋庨櫓銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?post-quantum algorithms锛堝悗閲忓瓙绠楁硶锛夛紝涓嶈鍜?QKD 娣锋垚涓€浠朵簨銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Quantum Cryptography / QKD锛氬埄鐢ㄩ噺瀛愮壒鎬у垎鍙戝瘑閽ュ苟妫€娴嬬獌鍚€?/p>

Post-quantum cryptography锛氭櫘閫氳绠楁満涓婅繍琛屻€佽璁℃潵鎶楅噺瀛愭敾鍑荤殑绠楁硶銆?/p>

Diffie-Hellman锛氫紶缁熷瘑閽ヤ氦鎹€?/p>

TLS锛氱幇瀹炵綉缁滃畨鍏ㄥ崗璁紝涓嶆槸閲忓瓙瀵嗙爜鏈韩銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細PKI Trust Model / 鍏挜鍩虹璁炬柦淇′换妯″瀷

PKI 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滆瘉涔﹀氨鏄彲淇♀€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歅KI 鍍忓叕绔犻摼锛屾牴 CA 鏄€婚儴澶х珷锛屼腑闂?CA 鏄垎閮ㄧ珷锛屾祻瑙堝櫒瑕佷竴璺煡鍒拌嚜宸变俊浠荤殑鎬婚儴绔犮€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

PKI = Public Key Infrastructure锛堝叕閽ュ熀纭€璁炬柦锛夈€?/p>

瀹冭В鍐崇殑鏄細杩欎釜 public key锛堝叕閽ワ級鍒板簳灞炰簬璋侊紵

Certificate锛堣瘉涔︼級鎶?identity锛堣韩浠斤級鍜?public key锛堝叕閽ワ級缁戝畾璧锋潵銆?/p>

CA = Certificate Authority锛堣瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勶級锛岃礋璐ｇ鍙戣瘉涔︺€?/p>

RA = Registration Authority锛堟敞鍐屾満鏋勶級锛岃礋璐ｅ鏍哥敵璇疯€呰韩浠姐€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄤ俊浠荤殑鏄?trust anchor锛堜俊浠婚敋锛夛紝閫氬父鏄?root CA锛堟牴璇佷功棰佸彂鏈烘瀯锛夈€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Root CA锛堟牴 CA锛夛細淇′换閾剧殑璧风偣锛屾祻瑙堝櫒鎴栫郴缁熼缃苟淇′换瀹冦€?/p>

Intermediate CA锛堜腑闂?CA锛夛細鏍?CA 鎺堟潈瀹冪户缁鍙戜笅绾ц瘉涔︺€?/p>

Certificate chain锛堣瘉涔﹂摼锛夛細浠庣綉绔欒瘉涔︿竴璺拷婧埌鍙俊鏍广€?/p>

Trust anchor锛堜俊浠婚敋锛夛細鏈湴宸茬粡淇′换鐨勬牴銆?/p>

X.509锛氭暟瀛楄瘉涔﹀父瑙佹爣鍑嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭€婚儴鐩栫珷锛屽垎閮ㄥ啀鐩栫珷銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忚瘉涔﹂摼銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭湁璇佷功灏卞畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝瘉涔﹀彲鑳借繃鏈熴€佸悐閿€銆佸煙鍚嶄笉鍖归厤鎴栭摼涓嶅畬鏁淬€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳韩浠藉拰鍏挜缁戝湪涓€寮犲伐鐗屼笂銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滅悊瑙ｉ挬瀛愩€傝瘉涔︾殑鏍稿績鏄粦瀹氥€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃叕绔犻摼鈥濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滃厛鐪嬭韩浠藉拰鍏挜缁戝畾锛屽啀鏌ラ摼鏄惁鑳借拷鍒板彲淇℃牴鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

PKI Trust Model = 鍏珷閾捐瘉鏄庘€滆繖涓叕閽ュ睘浜庤繖涓韩浠解€濄€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱綉绔欐嬁鍑鸿瘉涔︼紝璇佷功涓婂啓鐫€鍩熷悕鍜屽叕閽ワ紱涓棿 CA 缁欏畠鐩栫珷锛屾牴 CA 缁欎腑闂?CA 鎺堟潈锛屾祻瑙堝櫒娌跨潃鍏珷閾炬煡鍒拌嚜宸变俊浠荤殑鏍癸紝鎵嶆効鎰忕浉淇°€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細PKI 閫氳繃 CA銆丷A銆佽瘉涔﹀拰淇′换閾撅紝鎶婅韩浠戒笌鍏挜鍙俊鍦扮粦瀹氳捣鏉ャ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄娴忚鍣ㄨ闂摱琛岀綉绔欍€?/p>

缃戠珯璇达細鈥滆繖鏄垜鐨勫叕閽ャ€傗€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄤ笉鑳藉彧鍚畠鑷繁璇淬€?/p>

浜庢槸缃戠珯鎷垮嚭璇佷功銆?/p>

璇佷功鍍忓伐鐗岋紝鍐欑潃閾惰鍩熷悕鍜屽叕閽ャ€?/p>

璇佷功涓婃湁涓棿 CA 鐨勭鍚嶃€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ啀鐪嬩腑闂?CA 鏈夋病鏈夎鏍?CA 鎺堟潈銆?/p>

濡傛灉杩欐潯閾捐兘涓€璺煡鍒版祻瑙堝櫒淇′换鐨勬牴 CA锛岃瘉涔︽墠鍙俊銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍩熷悕涓嶅尮閰嶃€佽瘉涔﹁繃鏈熴€佽鍚婇攢锛屾垨鑰呴摼鏂簡锛屾祻瑙堝櫒灏变細鎶ヨ銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?PKI銆丆A锛堣瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勶級銆丷A锛堟敞鍐屾満鏋勶級銆乧ertificate chain锛堣瘉涔﹂摼锛夈€乼rust anchor锛堜俊浠婚敋锛夛紝鍏堟兂 PKI Trust Model銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝瀹℃牳韬唤锛岄€?RA銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝绛惧彂璇佷功锛岄€?CA銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂祻瑙堝櫒濡備綍淇′换缃戠珯璇佷功锛屾煡璇佷功閾惧埌 trusted root锛堝彲淇℃牴锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰闂瘉涔︿负浠€涔堝彲淇★紝涓嶆槸鍥犱负鈥滃畠瀛樺湪鈥濓紝鑰屾槸鍥犱负瀹冮€氳繃瀹屾暣楠岃瘉銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

PKI锛氫俊浠讳綋绯汇€?/p>

Certificate锛氫綋绯讳腑鐨勮瘉涔﹀璞°€?/p>

CA锛氱鍙戣瘉涔︺€?/p>

RA锛氬鏍歌韩浠姐€?/p>

PGP Web of Trust锛氱敤鎴蜂簰鐩镐俊浠荤鍚嶏紝涓嶆槸涓績鍖?CA 灞傜骇銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Certificate Lifecycle / 璇佷功鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡

Certificate Lifecycle 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滅敵璇枫€佺鍙戙€佸悐閿€鈥濆嚑涓瘝銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳瘉涔﹀儚鍛樺伐宸ョ墝锛屾湁鐢宠銆佸鏍搞€佸彂鍗°€佷娇鐢ㄣ€佺画鏈熴€佸悐閿€銆佽繃鏈熷拰褰掓。锛屼笉鏄彂鍑烘潵灏辨案杩滄湁鏁堛€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Certificate Lifecycle = 璇佷功鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡銆?/p>

璇佷功浠庣敵璇峰埌鎶ュ簾锛屾湁涓€鏁村娴佺▼銆?/p>

鐢宠鑰呭厛鐢熸垚 CSR = Certificate Signing Request锛堣瘉涔︾鍚嶈姹傦級銆?/p>

RA 鎴?CA 浼氶獙璇佽韩浠姐€?/p>

CA 绛惧彂璇佷功銆?/p>

缁勭粐閮ㄧ讲璇佷功骞朵娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

蹇埌鏈熷彲浠?renewal锛堢画鏈燂級銆?/p>

濡傛灉绉侀挜娉勯湶鎴栬韩浠戒笉鍐嶆湁鏁堬紝瑕?revocation锛堝悐閿€锛夈€?/p>

鍒版湡鍚?certificate expiration锛堣瘉涔﹁繃鏈燂級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

CSR锛堣瘉涔︾鍚嶈姹傦級锛氱敵璇疯€呮彁浜ょ粰 CA 鐨勮瘉涔︾敵璇锋潗鏂欍€?/p>

Issuance锛堢鍙戯級锛欳A 缁欒瘉涔︾洊绔犮€?/p>

Renewal锛堢画鏈燂級锛氳瘉涔﹀揩杩囨湡锛岀户缁敵璇锋柊璇佷功銆?/p>

Revocation锛堝悐閿€锛夛細璇佷功杩樻病鍒版湡锛屼絾鍥犱负椋庨櫓蹇呴』鎻愬墠浣滃簾銆?/p>

Key compromise锛堢閽ユ硠闇诧級锛氬繀椤诲悐閿€璇佷功鐨勯珮棰戜俊鍙枫€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳瘉涔﹀儚鍛樺伐宸ョ墝銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚伐鐗岀敓鍛藉懆鏈熷緢鐩磋銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱瓑璇佷功鑷劧杩囨湡灏辫銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜閽ユ硠闇蹭笉鑳界瓑杩囨湡锛屽繀椤诲悐閿€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬揩鍒版湡缁崱锛屼涪鍗℃敞閿€銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滃尯鍒嗛挬瀛愩€傜画鏈熷拰鍚婇攢涓嶈兘娣枫€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃伐鐗岀敓鍛藉懆鏈熲€濄€傝緟鍔╁彞鏄€滃揩鍒版湡缁崱锛屽嚭浜嬫敞閿€鍗♀€濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Certificate Lifecycle = 璇佷功宸ョ墝鐨勪竴鐢熴€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱敵璇峰伐鐗屻€佸鏍歌韩浠姐€佸埗鍗″彂鍗°€佷笂鐝娇鐢ㄣ€佸揩鍒版湡缁崱銆佷涪澶辨垨绂昏亴绔嬪埢娉ㄩ攢锛屾渶鍚庡綊妗ｆ垨閿€姣併€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細璇佷功鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡瑕嗙洊鐢宠銆侀獙璇併€佺鍙戙€侀儴缃层€佺画鏈熴€佸悐閿€銆佽繃鏈熷拰褰掓。銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃缁欏畼缃戠敵璇?HTTPS 璇佷功銆?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樺厛鐢熸垚 CSR銆?/p>

CA 鎴?RA 瑕佺‘璁よ繖涓煙鍚嶇‘瀹炲睘浜庡叕鍙搞€?/p>

瀹℃牳閫氳繃鍚庯紝CA 绛惧彂璇佷功銆?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樻妸璇佷功瑁呭埌鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笂銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄨ闂椂锛屾湇鍔″櫒鎷胯瘉涔﹁瘉鏄庤嚜宸辩殑韬唤鍜屽叕閽ャ€?/p>

蹇埌鏈熷墠锛屽叕鍙歌缁湡銆?/p>

濡傛灉绉侀挜娉勯湶锛屾敾鍑昏€呭彲鑳藉啋鍏呯綉绔欍€?/p>

杩欐椂涓嶈兘绛夎瘉涔﹁嚜鐒惰繃鏈熴€?/p>

蹇呴』绔嬪埢鍚婇攢鏃ц瘉涔︼紝閲嶆柊绛惧彂鏂拌瘉涔︺€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?CSR / enrollment锛堢敵璇凤級銆乮ssuance锛堢鍙戯級銆乺enewal锛堢画鏈燂級銆乺evocation锛堝悐閿€锛夈€乪xpiration锛堣繃鏈燂級锛屽厛鎯宠瘉涔︾敓鍛藉懆鏈熴€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?private key compromise锛堢閽ユ硠闇诧級锛屾纭姩浣滈€氬父鏄悐閿€璇佷功骞堕噸鏂扮鍙戙€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?RA 鍋氫粈涔堬紝RA 瀹℃牳韬唤銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?CA 鍋氫粈涔堬紝CA 绛惧彂璇佷功銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂瘉涔︾姸鎬佹€庝箞鏌ワ紝杩涘叆 CRL / OCSP銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Renewal锛氳瘉涔﹀揩鍒版湡锛屾甯告崲鏂般€?/p>

Revocation锛氳瘉涔︽湭鍒版湡锛屼絾鍥犱负椋庨櫓鎻愬墠浣滃簾銆?/p>

Expiration锛氳瘉涔︽椂闂村埌浜嗭紝鑷劧澶辨晥銆?/p>

CRL / OCSP锛氭煡璇佷功鏄惁宸茶鍚婇攢銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

CRL = Certificate Revocation List锛堣瘉涔﹀悐閿€鍒楄〃锛夈€?/p>

OCSP = Online Certificate Status Protocol锛堝湪绾胯瘉涔︾姸鎬佸崗璁級銆?/p>

瀹冧滑閮藉湪鍥炵瓟鍚屼竴涓棶棰橈細杩欏紶璇佷功鏈夋病鏈夎鍚婇攢锛?/p>

瀹冧滑涓嶆槸绛惧彂璇佷功銆?/p>

瀹冧滑涔熶笉鏄鏌ュ煙鍚嶆槸鍚﹀尮閰嶇殑鍏ㄩ儴娴佺▼銆?/p>

瀹冧滑鍙礋璐?revocation status锛堝悐閿€鐘舵€侊級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Revocation锛堝悐閿€锛夛細璇佷功杩樻病杩囨湡锛屼絾宸茬粡涓嶈兘鍐嶄俊銆?/p>

CRL distribution point锛圕RL 鍒嗗彂鐐癸級锛氬鎴风涓嬭浇鍚婇攢鍒楄〃鐨勪綅缃€?/p>

OCSP responder锛圤CSP 鍝嶅簲鍣級锛氬洖绛旇瘉涔︾姸鎬佺殑鍦ㄧ嚎鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

Good / revoked / unknown锛堟湁鏁?/ 宸插悐閿€ / 鏈煡锛夛細OCSP 甯歌鐘舵€併€?/p>

Stapling锛堣璁級锛氭湇鍔″櫒闅忚瘉涔﹀甫涓婃柊椴滅殑 OCSP 鍥炴墽銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕鍛婃爮榛戝悕鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚搴?CRL銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬墠鍙板疄鏃剁數璇濄€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚搴?OCSP銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欳RL / OCSP 璇佹槑缃戠珯涓€瀹氬畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畠浠彧鏌ユ湁娌℃湁鍚婇攢锛屼笉淇濊瘉涓氬姟瀹夊叏銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈粦鍚嶅崟 vs 瀹炴椂鐢佃瘽鈥濄€傝繖鏍疯兘娓呮鍖哄垎 CRL 鍜?OCSP銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

CRL = 涓嬭浇榛戝悕鍗曟煡璇佷功鏈夋病鏈夎鍚婇攢銆?/p>

OCSP = 鍦ㄧ嚎闂墠鍙版煡杩欏紶璇佷功鐜板湪杩樿兘涓嶈兘淇°€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫繚瀹夋煡宸ョ墝鏃讹紝鍙互鐪嬪涓婇粦鍚嶅崟锛屼篃鍙互鎵撶數璇濋棶鍓嶅彴锛涢粦鍚嶅崟鍙兘娌″強鏃舵洿鏂帮紝鐢佃瘽鏇村疄鏃讹紝浣嗕篃渚濊禆鍦ㄧ嚎鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細CRL 鍜?OCSP 閮界敤浜庢鏌ヨ瘉涔﹀悐閿€鐘舵€侊紝CRL 鏄垪琛紝OCSP 鏄湪绾跨姸鎬佹煡璇€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄闂ㄥ彛鏉ヤ簡涓€涓憳宸ワ紝鎷跨潃宸ョ墝璇磋嚜宸辫繕鍦ㄨ亴銆?/p>

淇濆畨涓嶈兘鍙湅宸ョ墝闀垮緱鐪熴€?/p>

鍛樺伐鍙兘宸茬粡绂昏亴锛屽伐鐗岃繕娌″埌鏈熴€?/p>

绗竴绉嶅仛娉曟槸鏌ュ涓婇粦鍚嶅崟銆?/p>

濡傛灉宸ョ墝鍙峰湪榛戝悕鍗曚笂锛屽氨鎷掔粷杩涘叆銆?/p>

杩欏儚 CRL銆?/p>

绗簩绉嶅仛娉曟槸缁欏墠鍙版墦鐢佃瘽锛屽彧闂繖涓€寮犲伐鐗岀幇鍦ㄦ槸鍚︽湁鏁堛€?/p>

杩欏儚 OCSP銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍛樺伐闅忚韩甯︾潃鍓嶅彴鍒氬紑鐨勭姸鎬佽瘉鏄庯紝淇濆畨涓嶇敤鍐嶆墦鐢佃瘽锛屼篃鑳芥鏌ヨ瘉鏄庢槸鍚︽柊椴溿€?/p>

杩欏儚 OCSP stapling銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?CRL銆丆ertificate Revocation List锛堣瘉涔﹀悐閿€鍒楄〃锛夈€乺evocation list锛堝悐閿€鍒楄〃锛夛紝鍏堟兂 CRL銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?CRL 涓昏缂虹偣锛屽父鐪?latency锛堝欢杩燂級銆佸垪琛ㄧ淮鎶ゃ€佸垪琛ㄥ彲鑳藉緢澶с€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?OCSP銆丱nline Certificate Status Protocol锛堝湪绾胯瘉涔︾姸鎬佸崗璁級銆乻tatus responder锛堢姸鎬佸搷搴斿櫒锛夛紝鍏堟兂 OCSP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?OCSP stapling锛圤CSP 瑁呰锛夛紝鎯虫湇鍔″櫒鎶婄姸鎬佽瘉鏄庝竴璧峰彂缁欏鎴风銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶璇佷功閾俱€佸煙鍚嶅尮閰嶃€佽繃鏈熸椂闂达紝涓嶈鍙瓟 CRL / OCSP銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

CRL / OCSP锛氬彧鏌ュ悐閿€鐘舵€併€?/p>

Expiration锛氳瘉涔﹁嚜鐒惰繃鏈熴€?/p>

CA锛氱鍙戣瘉涔︺€?/p>

RA锛氬鏍歌韩浠姐€?/p>

Certificate chain锛氭煡璇佷功鑳藉惁杩藉埌鍙俊鏍广€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細TLS Handshake / TLS 鎻℃墜

TLS Handshake 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸啓鎴愨€淭LS 灏辨槸鍔犲瘑鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歍LS 鎻℃墜鍍忚繘閾惰鏌滃彴锛屽厛浜掔浉纭瑙勫垯鍜岃瘉涔︼紝鍐嶄复鏃堕厤涓€鎶婁細璇濋挜鍖欙紝鍚庨潰澶ч噺鑱婂ぉ鎵嶇敤杩欐妸蹇挜鍖欍€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

TLS = Transport Layer Security锛堜紶杈撳眰瀹夊叏锛夈€?/p>

HTTPS 甯哥敤 TLS 淇濇姢 Web 閫氫俊锛岄粯璁ょ鍙ｅ父瑙佹槸 443銆?/p>

TLS Handshake锛圱LS 鎻℃墜锛夋槸浼氳瘽寮€濮嬪墠鐨勫崗鍟嗚繃绋嬨€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ鍗忓晢 cipher suite锛堝瘑鐮佸浠讹級銆侀獙璇?certificate锛堣瘉涔︼級銆佸畬鎴?key exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級锛屾渶鍚庡緱鍒?session key锛堜細璇濆瘑閽ワ級銆?/p>

鍚庣画澶ч噺鏁版嵁閫氬父鐢?symmetric encryption锛堝绉板姞瀵嗭級淇濇姢銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Cipher suite锛堝瘑鐮佸浠讹級锛氳繖娆′細璇濈敤鍝簺绠楁硶缁勫悎銆?/p>

Session key锛堜細璇濆瘑閽ワ級锛氫复鏃跺绉板瘑閽ャ€?/p>

Server certificate锛堟湇鍔″櫒璇佷功锛夛細鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ瘉鏄庤嚜宸辩殑韬唤鍜屽叕閽ャ€?/p>

mTLS = Mutual TLS锛堝弻鍚?TLS锛夛細瀹㈡埛绔拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ兘鐢ㄨ瘉涔﹁璇併€?/p>

Forward secrecy锛堝墠鍚戜繚瀵嗭級锛氳繃鍘讳細璇濅笉搴斿洜闀挎湡绉侀挜娉勯湶鑰岃瑙ｅ紑銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬厛楠屾墽鐓э紝鍐嶉厤涓存椂閽ュ寵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忚瘉涔﹂獙璇佸拰浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛歍LS 鍏ㄧ▼鐢?RSA 鍔犲瘑鎵€鏈夋暟鎹€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜幇浠?TLS 澶ч噺鏁版嵁闈犲绉颁細璇濆瘑閽ャ€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭煖鍙板厛璋堣鍒欍€?/p>

淇濈暀浣?ClientHello / ServerHello 閽╁瓙銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃厛楠屾墽鐓э紝鍐嶉厤浼氳瘽閽ュ寵鈥濄€傞噸鐐瑰啓娓?TLS 鏄贩鍚堝瘑鐮佹祦绋嬨€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

TLS Handshake = 鍏堣皥瑙勫垯銆侀獙璇佽瘉涔︺€佸崗鍟嗕細璇濋挜鍖欍€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭祻瑙堝櫒鍏堣鑷繁浼氬摢浜涜鍒欙紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ嬁鍑鸿瘉涔﹁瘉鏄庤韩浠斤紝鍙屾柟鍗忓晢鍑轰复鏃朵細璇濆瘑閽ワ紝鍚庨潰鐨勭綉椤靛唴瀹规墠鐢ㄥ揩鐨勫绉板姞瀵嗕紶銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細TLS 鎻℃墜鐢ㄨ瘉涔﹀拰瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲寤虹珛瀹夊叏浼氳瘽锛屽悗缁敤瀵圭О浼氳瘽瀵嗛挜淇濇姢鏁版嵁銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄娴忚鍣ㄨ闂摱琛岀綉绔欍€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ厛璇达細鈥滄垜鏀寔杩欎簺 TLS 鐗堟湰鍜屽瘑鐮佸浠躲€傗€?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ洖搴旓細鈥滈偅鎴戜滑鐢ㄨ繖涓€濂椼€傗€?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ嬁鍑鸿瘉涔︺€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄦ鏌ヨ瘉涔︽槸涓嶆槸閾惰鍩熷悕銆佹湁娌℃湁杩囨湡銆侀摼鑳戒笉鑳借拷鍒板彲淇℃牴銆佹湁娌℃湁琚悐閿€銆?/p>

纭鍚庯紝鍙屾柟鍗忓晢鍑轰竴鎶婁复鏃朵細璇濆瘑閽ャ€?/p>

鍚庨潰灏忔灄鐪嬩綑棰濄€佹彁浜よ〃鍗曪紝涓嶆槸姣忎釜瀛楅兘鐢?RSA 鎱㈡參鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

澶ч噺鏁版嵁鐢ㄤ复鏃跺绉板瘑閽ュ姞瀵嗐€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?TLS 鎻℃墜鍚庣殑鐪熷疄宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?TLS handshake銆丆lientHello銆丼erverHello銆乧ipher suite銆乻ession key锛屽厛鎯?TLS 鎻℃墜銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?HTTPS 甯哥敤绔彛锛岃 443銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?server certificate锛堟湇鍔″櫒璇佷功锛夛紝鎯虫湇鍔″櫒韬唤楠岃瘉銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?mTLS锛屾兂瀹㈡埛绔拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ弻鏂归兘鐢ㄨ瘉涔︺€?/p>

棰樼洰闂悗缁ぇ閲忔暟鎹敤浠€涔堜繚鎶わ紝閫氬父鏄?symmetric session key锛堝绉颁細璇濆瘑閽ワ級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

TLS锛氫繚鎶や紶杈撻€氶亾銆?/p>

TCP three-way handshake锛堜笁娆℃彙鎵嬶級锛氬缓绔?TCP 杩炴帴锛屼笉绛変簬 TLS 鎻℃墜銆?/p>

IPsec锛氫繚鎶?IP 灞傞€氫俊銆?/p>

SSH锛氳繙绋嬬櫥褰曞畨鍏ㄥ崗璁€?/p>

TLS 涓嶄繚璇佸簲鐢ㄩ€昏緫瀹夊叏锛岀綉绔欎唬鐮佹湰韬粛鍙兘鏈夋紡娲炪€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Cryptographic Attacks / Brute Force / Known Plaintext / Chosen Ciphertext / 瀵嗙爜鏀诲嚮瀵圭収

瀵嗙爜鏀诲嚮杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸厛鑳屼竴鍫嗗悕瀛椼€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬厛闂敾鍑昏€呮墜閲屾湁浠€涔堬紱鍙湁瀵嗘枃銆佸凡鐭ユ槑鏂囥€佽兘閫夋槑鏂囥€佽兘閫夊瘑鏂囥€佽兘纰拌澶囷紝鍚嶅瓧灏变笉涓€鏍枫€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Cryptographic Attacks = 瀵嗙爜瀛︽敾鍑汇€?/p>

杩欑被棰樹笉鏄棶鈥滄敾鍑昏€呮槸涓嶆槸鍧忎汉鈥濄€?/p>

瀹冮棶鐨勬槸鏀诲嚮鑰呮嫢鏈変粈涔堣兘鍔涖€?/p>

Brute Force锛堟毚鍔涚牬瑙ｏ級锛氫竴鎶婁竴鎶婅瘯瀹屾暣涓挜鍖欑┖闂淬€?/p>

Known Plaintext锛堝凡鐭ユ槑鏂囨敾鍑伙級锛氭敾鍑昏€呭凡缁忔湁涓€缁勬槑鏂囧拰瀵瑰簲瀵嗘枃銆?/p>

Chosen Ciphertext锛堥€夋嫨瀵嗘枃鏀诲嚮锛夛細鏀诲嚮鑰呰兘閫夋嫨瀵嗘枃浜ょ粰绯荤粺瑙ｅ瘑锛屽苟瑙傚療缁撴灉鎴栭敊璇€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Ciphertext-only锛堜粎瀵嗘枃锛夛細鏀诲嚮鑰呭彧鏈夊瘑鏂囥€?/p>

Known plaintext锛堝凡鐭ユ槑鏂囷級锛氭敾鍑昏€呯煡閬撳師鏂囧拰瀵瑰簲瀵嗘枃銆?/p>

Chosen plaintext锛堥€夋嫨鏄庢枃锛夛細鏀诲嚮鑰呰兘鎸戝師鏂囪绯荤粺鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

Chosen ciphertext锛堥€夋嫨瀵嗘枃锛夛細鏀诲嚮鑰呰兘鎸戝瘑鏂囪绯荤粺瑙ｅ瘑鎴栫湅閿欒鍙嶉銆?/p>

Oracle锛堥瑷€鏈猴級锛氱郴缁熷儚鏌滃彴涓€鏍峰洖绛旀敾鍑昏€呯殑璇曟帰闂銆?/p>

Side-channel锛堟梺淇￠亾锛夛細閫氳繃鏃堕棿銆佺數鍔涖€佺數纾佺瓑渚ч潰鐥曡抗鎺ㄦ柇绉樺瘑銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭敾鍑昏€呮涓婃湁浠€涔堣瘉鎹€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忓厛鐪嬫敾鍑昏€呰兘鍔涖€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭墍鏈夊瘑鐮佹敾鍑婚兘鏄毚鍔涚牬瑙ｃ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛毚鍔涚牬瑙ｅ彧鏄叾涓竴绉嶃€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶挜鍖欑銆佸鐓у崟銆佽В瀵嗘煖鍙般€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滀笁绫荤敾闈€傞挜鍖欑瀵瑰簲 brute force锛屽鐓у崟瀵瑰簲 known plaintext锛岃В瀵嗘煖鍙板搴?chosen ciphertext銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃厛鐪嬫敾鍑昏€呮墜閲屾湁浠€涔堚€濄€備笉瑕佽灏忕櫧纭儗鏈锛岃璁╀粬浠庨骞插姩浣滃垽鏂€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

瀵嗙爜鏀诲嚮瀵圭収 = 璇曢挜鍖欍€佺湅瀵圭収銆侀棶鏌滃彴銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫竴鎶婁竴鎶婅瘯鏄毚鍔涚牬瑙ｏ紱鎵嬮噷鏈夊師浠跺拰鍔犲瘑浠跺鐓ф槸宸茬煡鏄庢枃锛涙嬁鑷繁鎸戠殑瀵嗘枃鍘婚棶绯荤粺鎬庝箞瑙ｃ€佺湅绯荤粺鍙嶅簲锛屾槸閫夋嫨瀵嗘枃銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀵嗙爜鏀诲嚮鍒嗙被鍙栧喅浜庢敾鍑昏€呮嫢鏈夌殑鏁版嵁鍜岃兘鍔涖€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐪嬪埌涓夌鏀诲嚮鑰呫€?/p>

绗竴涓敾鍑昏€呯珯鍦ㄩ棬鍓嶏紝鎷跨潃涓€澶х閽ュ寵浠庣涓€鎶婅瘯鍒版渶鍚庝竴鎶娿€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Brute Force銆?/p>

绗簩涓敾鍑昏€呮墜閲屾湁涓€寮犲彂绁ㄥ師浠讹紝涔熸湁杩欏紶鍙戠エ鐨勫姞瀵嗙増鏈€?/p>

浠栧鐓т袱寮犵焊鎵捐寰嬨€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Known Plaintext銆?/p>

绗笁涓敾鍑昏€呮洿鍗遍櫓銆?/p>

浠栨晠鎰忔敼鍑犱釜瀵嗘枃鍖呰９锛屼氦缁欑郴缁熻В瀵嗐€?/p>

绯荤粺铏界劧涓嶇洿鎺ュ憡璇変粬瀵嗛挜锛屼絾浼氬悙鍑轰竴浜涘唴瀹规垨閿欒鎻愮ず銆?/p>

浠栨牴鎹繖浜涘弽棣堝線鍥炴帹銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Chosen Ciphertext銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?brute force銆乪xhaustive search锛堢┓涓炬悳绱級銆乼ry every key锛堝皾璇曟墍鏈夊瘑閽ワ級锛屽厛閫?Brute Force銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?rainbow table锛堝僵铏硅〃锛夛紝甯稿拰鍙ｄ护鐮磋В銆佸搱甯屻€佺洂涓€璧疯€冦€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?known plaintext 鎴?plaintext-ciphertext pair锛堟槑瀵嗘枃瀵癸級锛屽厛閫?Known Plaintext銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?attacker can choose ciphertext and observe decryption behavior锛堟敾鍑昏€呰兘閫夋嫨瀵嗘枃骞惰瀵熻В瀵嗚涓猴級锛屽厛閫?Chosen Ciphertext銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?high voltage / temperature / fault锛堥珮鐢靛帇銆佹俯搴︺€佹晠闅滐級锛屾槸 Fault Injection锛堟晠闅滄敞鍏ワ級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?timing / power / electromagnetic radiation锛堟椂闂淬€佺數鍔涖€佺數纾佽緪灏勶級锛屾槸 Side-Channel锛堟梺淇￠亾锛夋垨 Timing Attack锛堣鏃舵敾鍑伙級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Brute Force锛氶潬绌蜂妇锛屼笉闈犲凡鐭ユ牱鏈€?/p>

Dictionary Attack锛氫紭鍏堣瘯甯歌璇嶏紝涓嶆槸瀹屾暣绌蜂妇銆?/p>

Known Plaintext锛氭敾鍑昏€呭凡缁忕煡閬撴槑鏂囥€?/p>

Chosen Plaintext锛氭敾鍑昏€呰兘閫夋嫨鏄庢枃璁╃郴缁熷姞瀵嗐€?/p>

Chosen Ciphertext锛氭敾鍑昏€呰兘閫夋嫨瀵嗘枃璁╃郴缁熻В瀵嗘垨瑙傚療鍙嶉銆?/p>

MITM锛堜腑闂翠汉鏀诲嚮锛夛細澶瑰湪閫氫俊鍙屾柟涔嬮棿锛屼笉绛変簬 meet-in-the-middle锛堜腑闂寸浉閬囨敾鍑伙級銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細IPsec / AH / ESP / IP 瀹夊叏鍗忚缁勪欢

IPsec 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€淰PN 鍔犲瘑鈥濆洓涓瓧銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欼Psec 鏄粰 IP 鍖呰蛋瀹夊叏閫氶亾鐨勪竴濂楀伐鍏凤紱AH 鍍忔竻鍗曟牳瀵瑰憳锛屾鏌ュ寘鏈夋病鏈夎鏀广€佹槸涓嶆槸瀵规柟鍙戠殑锛汦SP 鍍忓姞瀵嗗揩閫掔锛岃璺笂鐪嬩笉鍒伴噷闈㈠唴瀹广€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

IPsec = Internet Protocol Security锛堜簰鑱旂綉鍗忚瀹夊叏锛夈€?/p>

瀹冨伐浣滃湪 network layer锛堢綉缁滃眰锛夛紝鐢ㄦ潵淇濇姢 IP traffic锛圛P 娴侀噺锛夈€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄竴涓崟鐙畻娉曪紝鑰屾槸涓€濂楀崗璁拰鏈哄埗銆?/p>

AH = Authentication Header锛堣璇佸ご锛夈€?/p>

AH 涓昏鍋?authentication锛堣璇侊級銆乮ntegrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級鍜?anti-replay锛堟姉閲嶆斁锛夈€?/p>

AH 涓嶈礋璐ｅ姞瀵嗗唴瀹广€?/p>

ESP = Encapsulating Security Payload锛堝皝瑁呭畨鍏ㄨ浇鑽凤級銆?/p>

ESP 甯哥敤浜?confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€?/ 鍔犲瘑锛夛紝涔熷彲浠ユ彁渚涘畬鏁存€у拰璁よ瘉銆?/p>

IKE = Internet Key Exchange锛堜簰鑱旂綉瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲锛夛紝璐熻矗鍗忓晢瀵嗛挜鍜?SA锛圫ecurity Association锛屽畨鍏ㄥ叧鑱旓級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

AH锛堣璇佸ご锛夛細鍍忔牳瀵瑰崟锛岀‘璁ゅ寘娌¤鎹€佹病琚敼銆佹潵婧愬彲淇°€?/p>

ESP锛堝皝瑁呭畨鍏ㄨ浇鑽凤級锛氬儚涓婇攣蹇€掔锛屼繚鎶ら噷闈㈢殑杞借嵎鍐呭銆?/p>

SA锛圫ecurity Association锛屽畨鍏ㄥ叧鑱旓級锛氬弻鏂瑰崗鍟嗗ソ鐨勫畨鍏ㄨ鍒欏拰鍙傛暟銆?/p>

IKE锛堜簰鑱旂綉瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲锛夛細甯弻鏂硅皥濂藉瘑閽ュ拰瀹夊叏鍙傛暟銆?/p>

Anti-replay锛堟姉閲嶆斁锛夛細闃叉鏃у寘琚敾鍑昏€呮嬁鏉ラ噸鏂版挱鏀俱€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欰H 鏌ユ竻鍗曪紝ESP 涓婇攣绠便€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸 AH 鍜?ESP 鐨勫姩浣滃垎寮€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欰H 涔熻礋璐ｅ姞瀵嗐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侫H 涓嶆彁渚涙満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欼Psec 鏄竴鏁村閫氶亾宸ュ叿銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄€婚挬瀛愩€傚畠鑳借浣?IPsec 涓嶆槸鍗曚釜绠楁硶銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€淎H 鏌ュ崟锛孍SP 閿佺鈥濄€傞鐩棶鈥滅湅涓嶅埌鍐呭鈥濆氨鎵?ESP銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

IPsec = 缁?IP 鍖呰蛋瀹夊叏閫氶亾銆?/p>

AH = 鏌ヨ韩浠藉拰鏀瑰姩銆?/p>

ESP = 缁欏唴瀹逛笂閿併€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫袱涓姙鍏涔嬮棿瀵?IP 鍖咃紝AH 璐熻矗鏍稿鍖呮湁娌℃湁琚敼銆佹槸涓嶆槸杩欏鍙戠殑锛汦SP 璐熻矗鎶婂寘閲岀殑鍐呭鏀捐繘鍔犲瘑绠便€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細IPsec 鏄綉缁滃眰淇濇姢 IP 閫氫俊鐨勫崗璁浠讹紝AH 鎻愪緵璁よ瘉鍜屽畬鏁存€э紝ESP 鎻愪緵鏈哄瘑鎬у苟鍙彁渚涜璇佸拰瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鎬婚儴瑕佸拰鍒嗗叕鍙镐紶涓氬姟鏁版嵁銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍙妸鏁版嵁鍖呬涪鍒板叕缃戯紝璺笂鍙兘琚湅銆佽鏀广€佽閲嶆斁銆?/p>

IPsec 鍍忓湪鍏綉閲屽畨鎺掍簡涓€濂楀畨鍏ㄥ揩閫掓祦绋嬨€?/p>

AH 绔欏湪闂ㄥ彛鎷挎竻鍗曟牳瀵广€?/p>

鍖呮槸涓嶆槸鍘熸潵鐨勫寘锛?/p>

涓€旀湁娌℃湁琚敼锛?/p>

鏄笉鏄害瀹氱殑瀵规柟鍙戞潵鐨勶紵

ESP 鍒欐妸鐪熸鐨勬枃浠舵斁杩涘姞瀵嗗揩閫掔銆?/p>

璺笂鐨勪汉鑳界湅鍒版湁绠卞瓙缁忚繃锛屼絾鐪嬩笉鍒伴噷闈㈡枃浠躲€?/p>

濡傛灉棰樼洰闂€滆皝鎻愪緵鏈哄瘑鎬р€濓紝灏忔灄灏辫鍏堢湅 ESP銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?IPsec銆乶etwork layer锛堢綉缁滃眰锛夈€乸rotect IP traffic锛堜繚鎶?IP 娴侀噺锛夛紝鍏堟兂 IPsec銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?AH / Authentication Header锛堣璇佸ご锛夛紝鎯宠璇併€佸畬鏁存€с€佹姉閲嶆斁锛屼笉鎯冲姞瀵嗗唴瀹广€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ESP / Encapsulating Security Payload锛堝皝瑁呭畨鍏ㄨ浇鑽凤級锛屾兂鏈哄瘑鎬у拰鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?鈥渨hich IPsec component provides confidentiality鈥濓紙鍝釜 IPsec 缁勪欢鎻愪緵鏈哄瘑鎬э級锛岄€?ESP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?IKE 鎴?SA锛屾兂瀵嗛挜鍗忓晢鍜屽畨鍏ㄥ弬鏁板崗鍟嗐€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

IPsec锛氱綉缁滃眰淇濇姢 IP 娴侀噺銆?/p>

TLS锛氫紶杈撳眰浠ヤ笂甯哥敤鏉ヤ繚鎶?Web 绛夊簲鐢ㄩ€氫俊銆?/p>

AH锛氫笉鍔犲瘑鍐呭銆?/p>

ESP锛氭彁渚涘姞瀵嗘満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

VPN锛氳櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉鏄娇鐢ㄥ満鏅垨瑙ｅ喅鏂规锛孖Psec 甯哥敤浜?VPN锛屼絾涓嶇瓑浜庢墍鏈?VPN 閮芥槸 IPsec銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Tunnel Mode = 闅ч亾妯″紡銆?/p>

瀹冧細鎶?entire original IP packet锛堟暣涓師濮?IP 鍖咃級鍖呰繘涓€涓柊鐨?IP 鍖呴噷銆?/p>

澶栭潰鍑虹幇 new IP header锛堟柊鐨?IP 澶达級銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ闈㈢湅鍒扮殑鏄綉鍏冲埌缃戝叧銆佷富鏈哄埌缃戝叧绛夋柊鐨勫灞傝矾寰勩€?/p>

Transport Mode = 浼犺緭妯″紡銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鐣?original IP header锛堝師濮?IP 澶达級锛屼富瑕佷繚鎶や笂灞?payload锛堣浇鑽凤級銆?/p>

瀹冩洿甯歌浜?host-to-host锛堜富鏈哄埌涓绘満锛夊満鏅€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Entire IP packet锛堟暣涓?IP 鍖咃級锛氬師鏉ョ殑杞︺€佽溅鐗屻€佽揣鐗╅兘琚杩涙柊澹抽噷銆?/p>

New IP header锛堟柊 IP 澶达級锛氬闈㈢殑澶ц揣杞︽湁鑷繁鐨勬柊鍦板潃銆?/p>

Payload锛堣浇鑽凤級锛氱湡姝ｇ殑鏁版嵁鍐呭锛屽儚杞﹀帰閲岀殑璐с€?/p>

Gateway-to-gateway锛堢綉鍏冲埌缃戝叧锛夛細涓や釜绔欑偣涔嬮棿閫氳繃缃戝叧寤虹珛闅ч亾銆?/p>

Host-to-host锛堜富鏈哄埌涓绘満锛夛細涓ゅ彴涓绘満鐩存帴閫氫俊銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭暣杞﹁杩涘ぇ璐ц溅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚搴?tunnel mode銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬彧閿佽溅鍘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚搴?transport mode銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶毀閬撴ā寮忓彧淇濇姢鍐呭锛屼笉淇濇姢鍘?IP 鍖呫€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞毀閬撴ā寮忎細鍖呬綇鏁翠釜鍘熷 IP 鍖呫€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄暣杞﹁繘鏂板３ vs 鍘熻溅鍙攣璐р€濄€傞鐩厛鐪嬬鐐规槸璋併€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Tunnel Mode = 鏁村寘杩涙柊澹炽€?/p>

Transport Mode = 鍘熷ご杩樺湪锛屽彧鎶よ浇鑽枫€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氶毀閬撴ā寮忔妸鍘熸潵鐨?IP 鍖呮暣涓杩涙柊鍖呴噷锛岄€傚悎绔欑偣鍒扮珯鐐癸紱浼犺緭妯″紡璁╁師 IP 澶寸户缁湪澶栭潰锛屽彧淇濇姢閲岄潰鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細IPsec 闅ч亾妯″紡淇濇姢鏁翠釜鍘熷鍖呭苟娣诲姞鏂?IP 澶达紝浼犺緭妯″紡涓昏淇濇姢杞借嵎骞朵繚鐣欏師 IP 澶淬€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佹妸涓€杈嗗揩閫掕溅浠庢€婚儴閫佸埌鍒嗗叕鍙搞€?/p>

濡傛灉鐢ㄤ紶杈撴ā寮忥紝鍘熸潵鐨勮溅鐓у父寮€鍦ㄨ矾涓娿€?/p>

杞︾墝杩樺湪澶栭潰銆?/p>

璺笂鐨勪汉鑳界湅鍒拌繖杈嗚溅浠庡摢鏉ャ€佸幓鍝€?/p>

鍙槸杞﹀帰閲岀殑璐ц閿佷綇銆?/p>

濡傛灉鐢ㄩ毀閬撴ā寮忥紝灏忔灄鎶婃暣杈嗗揩閫掕溅杩炶溅鐗屼竴璧峰紑杩涗竴杈嗗ぇ璐ц溅銆?/p>

澶栭潰鐨勪汉鍙湅鍒板ぇ璐ц溅浠庢€婚儴缃戝叧鍒板垎鍏徃缃戝叧銆?/p>

鍘熸潵鐨勮溅鍜岃溅鐗岄兘钘忓湪閲岄潰銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?tunnel 鍜?transport 鐨勫尯鍒€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?tunnel mode锛堥毀閬撴ā寮忥級銆乪ntire IP packet锛堟暣涓?IP 鍖咃級銆乶ew IP header锛堟柊 IP 澶达級锛岄€?Tunnel Mode銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?gateway-to-gateway锛堢綉鍏冲埌缃戝叧锛夈€乻ite-to-site VPN锛堢珯鐐瑰埌绔欑偣 VPN锛夈€乭ost-to-gateway锛堜富鏈哄埌缃戝叧锛夛紝甯哥湅 Tunnel Mode銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?transport mode锛堜紶杈撴ā寮忥級銆乷riginal IP header remains锛堝師 IP 澶翠繚鐣欙級銆乸rotect payload锛堜繚鎶よ浇鑽凤級锛岄€?Transport Mode銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滅綉鍏冲埌缃戝叧鎴栦富鏈哄埌缃戝叧鐢ㄤ粈涔堟ā寮忊€濓紝閫氬父鐪?tunnel mode銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Tunnel Mode锛氭暣鍖呭皝瑁咃紝澶栭潰鍔犳柊澶淬€?/p>

Transport Mode锛氬師澶翠繚鐣欙紝涓昏淇濇姢杞借嵎銆?/p>

IPsec锛氭彁渚涜繖涓ょ妯″紡鐨勫崗璁浠躲€?/p>

TLS tunnel锛氫笉鏄繖寮犲崱閲岀殑 IPsec tunnel mode銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細PGP / S/MIME / 瀹夊叏閭欢鏍囧噯

PGP 鍜?S/MIME 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滈兘鑳藉姞瀵嗛偖浠垛€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歅GP 鍍忔湅鍙嬩箣闂翠簰鐩哥‘璁ら挜鍖欙紝S/MIME 鍍忓叕鍙歌瘉浠跺鐢?CA 璇佷功浣撶郴鍙戦偖浠惰韩浠借瘉銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

PGP = Pretty Good Privacy銆?/p>

PGP 甯稿拰 web of trust锛堜俊浠荤綉锛変竴璧疯€冦€?/p>

鐢ㄦ埛鑷繁绠＄悊 key ring锛堝瘑閽ョ幆锛夛紝浜掔浉绛惧悕纭鍏挜灞炰簬璋併€?/p>

S/MIME = Secure / Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions锛堝畨鍏ㄥ鐢ㄩ€斾簰鑱旂綉閭欢鎵╁睍锛夈€?/p>

S/MIME 渚濊禆 X.509 certificate锛圶.509 璇佷功锛夈€丆A锛堣瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勶級鍜?PKI銆?/p>

涓よ€呴兘鍙互缁?email锛堢數瀛愰偖浠讹級鍋?encryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級鍜?digital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Web of trust锛堜俊浠荤綉锛夛細鐢ㄦ埛涔嬮棿浜掔浉绛惧悕銆佷簰鐩镐俊浠汇€?/p>

Key ring锛堝瘑閽ョ幆锛夛細PGP 鐢ㄦ埛淇濆瓨鑷繁鍜屽埆浜虹殑瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

X.509 certificate锛圶.509 璇佷功锛夛細S/MIME 甯哥敤璇佷功鏍囧噯銆?/p>

MIME锛堝鐢ㄩ€斾簰鑱旂綉閭欢鎵╁睍锛夛細閭欢鏍煎紡鎵╁睍銆?/p>

CA锛堣瘉涔﹂鍙戞満鏋勶級锛歋/MIME 璇佷功浣撶郴鐨勪俊浠绘潵婧愩€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛歅GP 鏄湅鍙嬩簰璁ら挜鍖欍€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇 web of trust銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛歋/MIME 鏄叕鍙歌瘉浠跺鍙戣瘉涔︺€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇 PKI / CA銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歅GP 鍜?S/MIME 鍙繚鎶ら偖浠朵紶杈撻摼璺€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畠浠富瑕佷繚鎶ら偖浠舵秷鎭唴瀹规湰韬€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄湅鍙嬮挜鍖欏湀 vs 鍏徃璇佷功鈥濄€傞鐩湅鍒?web of trust 閫?PGP锛岀湅鍒?X.509 / CA 閫?S/MIME銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

PGP = 鏈嬪弸閽ュ寵鍦堛€?/p>

S/MIME = 鍏徃璇佷功閭欢銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歅GP 闈犵敤鎴蜂箣闂寸‘璁ら挜鍖欙紝鍍忔湅鍙嬬粰鏈嬪弸浣滀繚锛汼/MIME 闈?CA 绛惧彂 X.509 璇佷功锛屽儚鍏徃璇佷欢澶勫彂姝ｅ紡宸ョ墝銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細PGP 鍜?S/MIME 閮借兘淇濇姢閭欢鍐呭锛屽尯鍒湪淇′换妯″瀷鍜岃瘉涔︿綋绯汇€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佺粰灏忕帇鍙戝姞瀵嗛偖浠躲€?/p>

濡傛灉浠栦滑鐢?PGP锛屽皬鏋椾細鎶婂皬鐜嬬殑鍏挜鏀捐繘鑷繁鐨勫瘑閽ョ幆銆?/p>

鏈嬪弸浠彲浠ョ粰灏忕帇鐨勫叕閽ョ鍚嶏紝璇佹槑杩欐妸閽ュ寵纭疄灞炰簬灏忕帇銆?/p>

杩欏儚鐔熶汉涔嬮棿浜掔浉浣滀繚銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍏徃鐢?S/MIME锛屾祦绋嬫洿鍍忓姙宸ョ墝銆?/p>

鍏徃鎴?CA 瀹℃牳韬唤锛屽彂涓€寮犺瘉涔︺€?/p>

閭欢绯荤粺鐪嬪埌璇佷功閾撅紝灏辩煡閬撹繖涓叕閽ュ睘浜庤繖涓汉銆?/p>

涓ょ鏂瑰紡閮借兘鍔犲瘑鍜岀鍚嶉偖浠讹紝浣嗕俊浠绘潵婧愪笉涓€鏍枫€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?PGP銆丳retty Good Privacy銆亀eb of trust锛堜俊浠荤綉锛夈€乲ey ring锛堝瘑閽ョ幆锛夛紝閫?PGP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?S/MIME銆乆.509 certificate锛圶.509 璇佷功锛夈€丆A銆丮IME锛岄€?S/MIME銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂偖浠跺唴瀹瑰姞瀵嗗拰绛惧悕锛孭GP 鍜?S/MIME 閮藉彲鑳芥纭紝瑕佺湅棰樺共淇′换妯″瀷銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙 SMTP over TLS 鎴?STARTTLS锛屾槸閭欢浼犺緭閫氶亾淇濇姢锛屼笉绛変簬 PGP / S/MIME 鐨勬秷鎭骇淇濇姢銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

PGP锛氫俊浠荤綉銆侀挜鍖欏湀銆佷釜浜烘垨鍒嗘暎淇′换銆?/p>

S/MIME锛歑.509銆丆A銆丳KI銆佷紒涓氶偖浠跺父瑙併€?/p>

TLS for SMTP锛氫繚鎶ら偖浠舵湇鍔″櫒涔嬮棿鎴栧鎴风鍒版湇鍔″櫒鐨勪紶杈撻摼璺€?/p>

DKIM / SPF / DMARC锛氬亸閭欢鍩熷悕韬唤鍜岄槻浼紝涓嶆槸閭欢鍐呭鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Secure Email / 瀹夊叏閭欢鐩爣

Secure Email 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸啓鎴愨€滅敤瀹夊叏閭欢杞欢鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畨鍏ㄩ偖浠惰缁欓偖浠跺唴瀹逛笂閿併€佺粰灏佸彛鐩栫珷銆佽鏀朵欢浜鸿兘纭鍐呭娌℃敼銆佸彂浠朵汉鏄湡鐨勩€佷簨鍚庝笉瀹规槗鎶佃禆銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Secure Email = 瀹夊叏閭欢銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄崟涓€浜у搧鍚嶃€?/p>

瀹冩槸鍦ㄩ棶閭欢瑕佽揪鍒颁粈涔堝畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囥€?/p>

Confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級锛氶偖浠跺唴瀹逛笉琚浜虹湅鎳傘€?/p>

Integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級锛氶偖浠跺唴瀹规病鏈夎鏀广€?/p>

Authentication锛堣璇佹€э級锛氬彂浠朵汉韬唤鏄湡鐨勩€?/p>

Nonrepudiation锛堜笉鍙惁璁ゆ€э級锛氬彂浠朵汉浜嬪悗闅句互鍚﹁鍙戦€佽繃銆?/p>

PGP 鍜?S/MIME 鏄父瑙佸疄鐜版柟寮忋€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Message-level encryption锛堟秷鎭骇鍔犲瘑锛夛細閭欢鍐呭鏈韩琚繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

Transport encryption锛堜紶杈撳姞瀵嗭級锛氳矾涓婃煇娈甸€氶亾琚繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

Attachment锛堥檮浠讹級锛氬畨鍏ㄩ偖浠朵篃瑕佽€冭檻闄勪欢鍐呭銆?/p>

Digital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級锛氬儚灏佸彛鐩栫珷锛岃兘楠屾潵婧愬拰鏀瑰姩銆?/p>

Metadata锛堝厓鏁版嵁锛夛細鏀跺彂浠朵汉銆佷富棰樸€佹椂闂寸瓑涓嶄竴瀹氬叏閮ㄨ鍐呭鍔犲瘑淇濇姢銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶偖浠朵笂閿佸姞鐩栫珷銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇鍔犲瘑鍜岀鍚嶇殑涓や釜鍔ㄤ綔銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶偖浠跺彧瑕佽蛋 TLS 灏变竴鐩村畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆俆LS 鍙兘鍙繚鎶や紶杈撴锛岄偖浠惰惤鍦板悗涓嶄竴瀹氫粛鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭鏂囧拰闄勪欢涓€璧疯杩涘畨鍏ㄤ俊灏併€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄晠浜嬬敾闈€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀笂閿?+ 鐩栫珷鈥濄€傞鐩棶鍒拌揪閭鍚庝粛淇濇姢锛屼紭鍏堟兂娑堟伅绾у姞瀵嗐€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Secure Email = 鍐呭涓婇攣锛屽皝鍙ｇ洊绔犮€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬姞瀵嗚澶栦汉鐪嬩笉鎳傛鏂囧拰闄勪欢锛岀鍚嶈鏀朵欢浜虹煡閬撴槸璋佸彂鐨勩€佸唴瀹规湁娌℃湁琚敼銆佷簨鍚庤兘涓嶈兘璧栥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細瀹夊叏閭欢閫氬父鐢ㄥ姞瀵嗘彁渚涙満瀵嗘€э紝鐢ㄦ暟瀛楃鍚嶆彁渚涘畬鏁存€с€佽璇佸拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佹妸鍚堝悓鍙戠粰瀹㈡埛銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍙蛋鏅€氶偖浠讹紝璺笂鍜岄偖绠遍噷閮藉彲鑳借鐪嬪埌銆?/p>

浠栧厛鎶婃鏂囧拰闄勪欢鏀捐繘涓婇攣淇″皝銆?/p>

杩欒В鍐虫満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

鐒跺悗浠栧湪灏佸彛鐩栬嚜宸辩殑鏁板瓧绛惧悕绔犮€?/p>

瀹㈡埛鏀跺埌鍚庯紝涓嶅彧鎵撳紑鐪嬪唴瀹癸紝杩樻鏌ュ皝鍙ｆ湁娌℃湁琚媶銆佺珷鏄笉鏄皬鏋楃殑銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏈変汉鏀逛簡鍚堝悓閲戦锛岀鍚嶉獙璇佷細澶辫触銆?/p>

濡傛灉灏忔灄浜嬪悗璇粹€滀笉鏄垜鍙戠殑鈥濓紝绛惧悕涔熻兘鎻愪緵璇佹嵁銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?secure email锛堝畨鍏ㄩ偖浠讹級銆乪ncrypted email锛堝姞瀵嗛偖浠讹級銆乵essage confidentiality锛堟秷鎭満瀵嗘€э級锛岀湅閭欢鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?digital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級銆乶onrepudiation锛堜笉鍙惁璁わ級銆乵essage integrity锛堟秷鎭畬鏁存€э級锛岀湅閭欢绛惧悕銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇撮偖浠惰浆鍙戝悗銆佽惤鍒伴偖绠卞悗浠嶈淇濇姢鍐呭锛屼紭鍏堣€冭檻 PGP / S/MIME 杩欑被娑堟伅绾т繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰鍙淇濇姢瀹㈡埛绔埌閭欢鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑杩炴帴锛屾墠鐪?TLS / STARTTLS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Secure Email锛氱洰鏍囬泦鍚堬紝鍙兘鍖呮嫭鍔犲瘑鍜岀鍚嶃€?/p>

PGP / S/MIME锛氬疄鐜伴偖浠跺姞瀵嗗拰绛惧悕鐨勬爣鍑嗐€?/p>

SMTP over TLS / STARTTLS锛氫繚鎶や紶杈撹繛鎺ャ€?/p>

DKIM / SPF / DMARC锛氬府鍔╅獙璇侀偖浠跺煙鍚嶅拰闃蹭吉锛屼笉绛変簬鍐呭鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Link Encryption / End-to-End Encryption / 閾捐矾鍔犲瘑涓庣鍒扮鍔犲瘑

Link Encryption 鍜?End-to-End Encryption 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滅鍒扮鏇村ソ鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氶摼璺姞瀵嗗儚姣忎釜涓浆绔欓兘鎵撳紑鍐嶉噸閿侊紝绔埌绔姞瀵嗗儚鍙戜欢浜轰竴寮€濮嬮攣绠憋紝鍙湁鏈€缁堟敹浠朵汉鑳芥墦寮€銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Link Encryption = 閾捐矾鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶?each hop锛堟瘡涓€璺筹級涔嬮棿鐨勯摼璺€?/p>

鏁版嵁鍒颁簡涓棿鑺傜偣锛屼細琚В瀵嗭紝鍐嶇敤涓嬩竴娈甸摼璺殑瀵嗛挜閲嶆柊鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

瀹冨彲浠ヤ繚鎶ゅ緢澶?lower-layer information锛堜綆灞備俊鎭級锛岀敋鑷冲寘鎷煇浜涘ご閮ㄣ€佸湴鍧€鍜岃矾鐢变俊鎭€?/p>

End-to-End Encryption = 绔埌绔姞瀵嗐€?/p>

瀹冧粠 source锛堟簮绔級鍒?destination锛堢洰鐨勭锛変繚鎸佸瘑鏂囥€?/p>

涓棿鑺傜偣鍙兘杞彂锛屼笉鑳借鏄庢枃璐熻浇銆?/p>

浣嗚矾鐢辨墍闇€鐨勯儴鍒?header锛堝ご閮級閫氬父浠嶈鏆撮湶锛屽惁鍒欑綉缁滀笉鐭ラ亾寰€鍝€併€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Hop-by-hop锛堥€愯烦锛夛細姣忎竴娈佃矾鍗曠嫭鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

Intermediate node锛堜腑闂磋妭鐐癸級锛氳矾鐢卞櫒銆佺綉鍏炽€佷腑杞澶囥€?/p>

Payload锛堣礋杞斤級锛氱湡姝ｈ淇濇姢鐨勬暟鎹唴瀹广€?/p>

Headers锛堝ご閮級锛氬湴鍧€鍜岃矾鐢变俊鎭紝缃戠粶杞彂闇€瑕佺湅銆?/p>

Leased line锛堢鐢ㄧ嚎璺級锛氶摼璺姞瀵嗗父瑙佸満鏅箣涓€銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭瘡娈佃矾涓€涓繚瀹変涵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚搴?link encryption銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬彂浠朵汉鍒版敹浠朵汉涓€璺笉鎵撳紑銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚搴?end-to-end encryption銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱鍒扮闅愯棌鎵€鏈夌綉缁滃湴鍧€銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝矾鐢辨墍闇€澶撮儴閫氬父浠嶈琚綉缁滅湅鍒般€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀腑杞珯浼氫笉浼氭墦寮€绠卞瓙鈥濄€傝兘鎵撳紑鐨勬槸閾捐矾鍔犲瘑锛屼笉鑳芥墦寮€鐨勬槸绔埌绔姞瀵嗐€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Link Encryption = 姣忚烦鎵撳紑鍐嶉噸閿併€?/p>

End-to-End Encryption = 鍙鏈€缁堟敹浠朵汉寮€绠便€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氶摼璺姞瀵嗘瘡娈佃矾閮藉姞瀵嗭紝浣嗕腑杞珯鑳界湅鍒版槑鏂囷紱绔埌绔姞瀵嗕粠鍙戜欢浜洪攣鍒版敹浠朵汉锛屼腑杞珯鍙礋璐ｆ惉绠卞瓙銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細閾捐矾鍔犲瘑淇濇姢姣忔潯閾捐矾浣嗕腑闂磋妭鐐逛細瑙ｅ瘑锛岀鍒扮鍔犲瘑淇濇姢婧愬埌鐩殑璐熻浇銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瀵勪竴绠卞悎鍚屻€?/p>

閾捐矾鍔犲瘑鐨勬祦绋嬪儚蹇€掓瘡鍒颁竴涓腑杞珯灏卞紑绠辨鏌ワ紝鍐嶇敤涓嬩竴娈佃矾鐨勯攣閲嶆柊灏佸ソ銆?/p>

姣忔璺兘涓嶈８濂斻€?/p>

浣嗘瘡涓腑杞珯閮界湅寰楀埌閲岄潰鍐呭銆?/p>

绔埌绔姞瀵嗕笉涓€鏍枫€?/p>

灏忔灄涓€寮€濮嬪氨鐢ㄥ鎴风殑閿佹妸绠卞瓙閿佸ソ銆?/p>

涓浆绔欏彧鐪嬭繍鍗曪紝鎶婄瀛愭惉璧般€?/p>

鐩村埌鏈€缁堝鎴锋敹鍒帮紝鎵嶆湁閽ュ寵鎵撳紑銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ垽鏂繖绫婚锛屽厛闂腑闂磋妭鐐硅兘涓嶈兘鐪嬪埌鏄庢枃銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?link encryption锛堥摼璺姞瀵嗭級銆乪ach hop锛堟瘡涓€璺筹級銆乮ntermediate nodes decrypt锛堜腑闂磋妭鐐硅В瀵嗭級锛岄€?Link Encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?end-to-end encryption锛堢鍒扮鍔犲瘑锛夈€乻ource to destination锛堟簮鍒扮洰鐨勶級銆乷nly endpoints can read锛堝彧鏈夌鐐硅兘璇伙級锛岄€?End-to-End Encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?headers / addresses / routing information锛堝ご閮?/ 鍦板潃 / 璺敱淇℃伅锛変篃琚繚鎶わ紝鍋?Link Encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂腑闂磋妭鐐圭湅涓嶅埌鏄庢枃璐熻浇锛屽亸 End-to-End Encryption銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Link Encryption锛氶€愯烦淇濇姢锛屼腑闂磋妭鐐硅兘瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

End-to-End Encryption锛氱鐐逛繚鎶わ紝涓棿鑺傜偣涓嶈鏄庢枃璐熻浇銆?/p>

TLS锛氬父鐢ㄤ簬绔埌绔垨杩戜技绔埌绔殑搴旂敤浼犺緭淇濇姢锛屼絾鍏蜂綋瑕佺湅閮ㄧ讲浣嶇疆銆?/p>

VPN锛氬彲浠ュ疄鐜板绉嶄繚鎶ゆ柟寮忥紝涓嶇瓑浜庤嚜鍔ㄧ鍒扮銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Steganography = 闅愬啓鏈€?/p>

瀹冪殑鐩爣鏄?conceal existence of message锛堥殣钘忔秷鎭瓨鍦級銆?/p>

Encryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級鏄鍐呭鐪嬩笉鎳傘€?/p>

Steganography锛堥殣鍐欙級鏄鍒汉涓嶇煡閬撴湁鍐呭钘忓湪閲岄潰銆?/p>

甯歌 cover file锛堣浇浣撴枃浠讹級鍖呮嫭 image锛堝浘鐗囷級銆乤udio锛堥煶棰戯級銆乿ideo锛堣棰戯級銆?/p>

涓€绉嶇粡鍏告妧鏈槸 LSB = Least Significant Bit锛堟渶浣庢湁鏁堜綅锛夛紝鎶婁俊鎭棌杩涘儚绱犳垨閲囨牱鐨勭粏寰綅缃€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Cover file锛堣浇浣撴枃浠讹級锛氳〃闈㈢湅璧锋潵姝ｅ父鐨勫浘鐗囥€侀煶棰戞垨瑙嗛銆?/p>

Hidden message锛堥殣钘忔秷鎭級锛氱湡姝ｈ钘忕殑淇℃伅銆?/p>

Conceal existence锛堥殣钘忓瓨鍦級锛氬埆浜轰笉鐭ラ亾閲岄潰鏈夋秷鎭€?/p>

LSB锛堟渶浣庢湁鏁堜綅锛夛細鎶婁俊鎭棌鍦ㄤ笉瀹规槗琚倝鐪煎療瑙夌殑缁嗚妭閲屻€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱焊鏉¤棌杩涚収鐗囥€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞潪甯哥洿瑙傘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱粰绾告潯涓婇攣銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏄姞瀵嗙殑鐢婚潰銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬埆浜轰互涓哄彧鏄櫘閫氱収鐗囥€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滃垽鏂挬瀛愩€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆棌娑堟伅瀛樺湪鈥濄€備笉瑕佸拰 encryption 鐨勨€滈攣鍐呭鈥濇贩銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Steganography = 钘忚捣鏉ワ紝璁╀汉涓嶇煡閬撴湁娑堟伅銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬姞瀵嗗儚鎶婁俊閿佽繘鐩掑瓙锛屽埆浜虹煡閬撲綘鏈夌洅瀛愶紱闅愬啓鍍忔妸淇¤棌杩涚収鐗囷紝鍒汉浠ヤ负浣犲彧鍙戜簡涓€寮犵収鐗囥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闅愬啓鏈€氳繃杞戒綋鏂囦欢闅愯棌娑堟伅瀛樺湪锛屼笉绛変簬鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍙戠粰灏忕帇涓€寮犳捣杈圭収鐗囥€?/p>

鏅€氫汉鎵撳紑锛屽彧鐪嬪埌钃濆ぉ銆佹矙婊╁拰娴锋氮銆?/p>

浣嗗皬鐜嬬敤绾﹀畾宸ュ叿涓€璇伙紝鍙戠幇鏌愪簺鍍忕礌閲岃棌鐫€涓€娈垫枃瀛椼€?/p>

濡傛灉鏀诲嚮鑰呬笉鐭ラ亾鐓х墖閲岃棌娑堟伅锛屼粬鐢氳嚦涓嶄細鍘荤牬瑙ｃ€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄殣鍐欐湳鐨勯噸鐐广€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄瀵嗘枃鐪嬩笉鎳傘€?/p>

瀹冩槸璁╃瀵嗗儚娌″嚭鐜拌繃涓€鏍疯棌璧锋潵銆?/p>

濡傛灉灏忔灄鏇磋皑鎱庯紝鍙互鍏堟妸鏂囧瓧鍔犲瘑锛屽啀钘忚繘鐓х墖銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?steganography锛堥殣鍐欐湳锛夈€乭ide message锛堥殣钘忔秷鎭級銆乧onceal existence锛堥殣钘忓瓨鍦級銆乧over image/audio/video锛堣浇浣撳浘鐗?/ 闊抽 / 瑙嗛锛夛紝閫?Steganography銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?LSB锛堟渶浣庢湁鏁堜綅锛夛紝涔熷父鎸囬殣鍐欍€?/p>

棰樼洰闂唴瀹圭湅涓嶆噦浣嗘槑纭煡閬撴湁瀵嗘枃锛屽彲鑳芥槸 encryption銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂増鏉冩爣璇嗘垨杩借釜鏉ユ簮锛屽彲鑳芥槸 watermarking銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Steganography锛氶殣钘忔秷鎭瓨鍦ㄣ€?/p>

Encryption锛氶殣钘忔秷鎭唴瀹广€?/p>

Watermarking锛氱粰鍐呭宓屽叆鎵€鏈夋潈鎴栬拷韪爣璁般€?/p>

Covert Channel锛氬伔鍋烽€氫俊鐨勮矾寰勶紝闅愬啓鍙互浣滀负涓€绉嶉殣钘忎紶閫掓柟寮忥紝浣嗘蹇佃寖鍥翠笉鍚屻€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Watermarking / 鏁板瓧姘村嵃

Watermarking 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽浼氭垚鈥滄妸鍐呭钘忚捣鏉モ€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭按鍗版槸鍦ㄤ綔鍝侀噷鎵撲富浜哄嵃鎴栬拷韪嵃锛屽埆浜哄彲鑳界収鏍疯兘鐪嬪唴瀹癸紝浣嗕綘鑳借瘉鏄庢潵婧愩€佺増鏉冩垨娉勯湶璺緞銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Watermarking = 鏁板瓧姘村嵃銆?/p>

瀹冨彲浠ユ槸 visible watermark锛堝彲瑙佹按鍗帮級锛屼篃鍙互鏄?invisible watermark锛堜笉鍙姘村嵃锛夈€?/p>

瀹冨父琚湅浣?steganography锛堥殣鍐欐湳锛夌殑鍟嗕笟搴旂敤銆?/p>

鐩爣涓嶆槸璁╁唴瀹逛笉鍙銆?/p>

鐩爣鏄?ownership锛堟墍鏈夋潈锛夈€乧opyright锛堢増鏉冿級銆乤uthenticity锛堢湡瀹炴€э級鎴?tracking锛堣拷韪硠闇叉潵婧愶級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Ownership锛堟墍鏈夋潈锛夛細璇佹槑杩欐槸璋佺殑浣滃搧銆?/p>

Copyright锛堢増鏉冿級锛氬府鍔╄瘉鏄庣増鏉冨綊灞炪€?/p>

Fingerprinting锛堟寚绾瑰寲锛夛細缁欎笉鍚屽壇鏈祵鍏ヤ笉鍚屾爣璁帮紝鐢ㄤ簬杩借釜娉勯湶鑰呫€?/p>

Authenticity锛堢湡瀹炴€э級锛氬府鍔╁垽鏂唴瀹规槸鍚︽潵鑷彲淇℃潵婧愩€?/p>

Embedded mark锛堝祵鍏ユ爣璁帮級锛氭妸鏍囪鏀捐繘鍐呭閲屻€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱粰涓讳汉鐩栨殫绔犮€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁颁綇鎵€鏈夋潈鍜屾潵婧愩€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭按鍗颁細闃绘鍒汉鐪嬪埌鍐呭銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛按鍗颁笉鏄繚瀵嗘帶鍒躲€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭瘡浠借棰戜竴涓紪鍙枫€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆拷韪硠闇茬殑鏁呬簨鐢婚潰銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀富浜哄嵃 / 杩借釜鍗扳€濄€傞噸鐐瑰啓娓呭畠涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Watermarking = 缁欎綔鍝佹墦涓讳汉鍗版垨杩借釜鍗般€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬埆浜哄彲浠ョ湅鍒拌棰戯紝浣嗚棰戦噷甯︾潃鍏徃鎴栦唬鐞嗗晢缂栧彿锛涘鏋滄祦鍑哄幓浜嗭紝鍏徃鑳借拷鍒版槸鍝唤鍓湰銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁板瓧姘村嵃鐢ㄤ簬鎵€鏈夋潈璇佹槑銆佺増鏉冧繚鎶ゃ€佺湡瀹炴€ч獙璇佹垨娉勯湶杩借釜锛屼笉鏄満瀵嗘€ф帶鍒躲€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鎶婂煿璁棰戝彂缁?20 瀹朵唬鐞嗗晢銆?/p>

姣忓鎷垮埌鐨勮棰戝唴瀹逛竴鏍枫€?/p>

浣嗘瘡浠借棰戦噷閮藉祵浜嗕笉鍚岀紪鍙枫€?/p>

鏈夌殑缂栧彿鍦ㄨ钀藉彲瑙併€?/p>

鏈夌殑钘忓湪鐢婚潰缁嗚妭閲屻€?/p>

鍚庢潵缃戜笂娴佸嚭涓€浠借棰戙€?/p>

鍏徃鎻愬彇姘村嵃锛屽彂鐜扮紪鍙峰睘浜庣 7 瀹朵唬鐞嗗晢銆?/p>

姘村嵃娌℃湁闃绘鍒汉瑙傜湅瑙嗛銆?/p>

浣嗗畠甯姪璇佹槑鏉ユ簮鍜岃拷韪硠闇层€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?watermarking锛堟按鍗帮級銆乮dentify pictures锛堟爣璇嗗浘鐗囷級銆乿erify authenticity锛堥獙璇佺湡瀹炴€э級銆乷wnership / copyright锛堟墍鏈夋潈 / 鐗堟潈锛夛紝閫?Watermarking銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?commercial application of steganography锛堥殣鍐欐湳鐨勫晢涓氬簲鐢級锛屼篃甯告槸姘村嵃銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂殣钘忎竴娈电瀵嗘秷鎭笉琚彂鐜帮紝鏇村儚 Steganography銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂鍐呭鐪嬩笉鎳傦紝鏇村儚 Encryption銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Watermarking锛氳瘉鏄庢潵婧愩€佺増鏉冩垨杩借釜娉勯湶銆?/p>

Steganography锛氶殣钘忔秷鎭瓨鍦ㄣ€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氱敤绉侀挜璇佹槑鏉ユ簮鍜屽畬鏁存€с€?/p>

DRM锛氭暟瀛楃増鏉冪鐞嗭紝鑼冨洿姣旀按鍗版洿澶с€?/p>

Watermarking锛堟暟瀛楁按鍗帮級鍙敮鎸佹潵婧愭爣璇嗐€佺増鏉冧富寮犮€佹硠闇茶拷韪垨绡℃敼鎻愮ず锛屼絾瀹冩湰韬€氬父涓嶆槸寮鸿韩浠借璇併€佽闂帶鍒舵垨娉曞緥涓婂崟鐙厖鍒嗙殑鐗堟潈璇佹槑锛涙洿寮虹殑鏉ユ簮鍜屽畬鏁存€ц瘉鏄庨€氬父鐪?digital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Masking / 鏁版嵁鑴辨晱

Data Masking 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸啓鎴愨€滄暟鎹姞瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳劚鏁忓儚鎶婄湡鍙风爜閬綇涓€閮ㄥ垎锛屾垨鑰呮崲鎴愭牸寮忔纭殑鍋囧彿鐮侊紝璁╀汉鑳藉姙浜嬨€佽兘娴嬭瘯锛屼絾鐪嬩笉鍒扮湡瀹炴晱鎰熷€笺€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Masking = 鏁版嵁鑴辨晱 / 鏁版嵁鎺╃爜銆?/p>

瀹冪殑鐩爣鏄噺灏?sensitive data exposure锛堟晱鎰熸暟鎹毚闇诧級銆?/p>

瀹冨彲浠?redaction锛堥伄鐩栵級銆乻ubstitution锛堟浛鎹級銆乻huffling锛堟墦涔憋級銆乫ormat-preserving masking锛堜繚鐣欐牸寮忚劚鏁忥級銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鍙兘鍙湅鍒颁俊鐢ㄥ崱鍚庡洓浣嶃€?/p>

寮€鍙戞祴璇曞簱閲屽彲鑳界湅鍒版牸寮忔纭絾涓嶅睘浜庣湡浜虹殑韬唤璇佸彿銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Redaction锛堥伄鐩栵級锛氭妸鏁忔劅閮ㄥ垎鐩栨帀銆?/p>

Obfuscation锛堟贩娣嗭級锛氳鐪熷疄鍊间笉瀹规槗琚瘑鍒€?/p>

Last four digits锛堝悗鍥涗綅锛夛細淇＄敤鍗℃垨韬唤璇佺被甯歌鏄剧ず鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

Test data锛堟祴璇曟暟鎹級锛氬紑鍙戞祴璇曢渶瑕佺粨鏋勶紝浣嗕笉闇€瑕佺湡瀹炰釜浜轰俊鎭€?/p>

Format-preserving锛堜繚鐣欐牸寮忥級锛氱湅璧锋潵鍍忕湡鍙风爜锛屼究浜庣郴缁熸祴璇曘€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬彧闇插悗鍥涗綅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛渶鐩磋銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭妸鐪熷€兼斁淇濋櫓鏌滐紝澶栭潰鐢ㄤ唬鍙枫€?/p>

娣樻卑缁?tokenization銆傝劚鏁忎笉涓€瀹氭湁鏄犲皠搴撹兘杩樺師銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬亣鍙风爜涔熻兘璺戞祴璇曘€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滄祴璇曞満鏅€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滈伄鐪熷€硷紝鐣欐牸寮忊€濄€傜湅鍒版祴璇曞簱鍜屽彧鏄剧ず鍚庡洓浣嶏紝鍏堟兂 masking銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Masking = 鐪熷€奸伄浣忥紝鏍煎紡鐣欎笅銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鏈嶅彧鐪嬪埌 **** **** **** 1234锛屽紑鍙戝彧鎷挎牸寮忔纭殑鍋囪韩浠借瘉鍙凤紱涓氬姟鐣岄潰鑳借窇锛岀湡浜烘晱鎰熷€间笉鏆撮湶銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁鑴辨晱閫氳繃閬洊鎴栨浛鎹㈠噺灏戞晱鎰熸暟鎹毚闇诧紝甯哥敤浜庢樉绀恒€佹祴璇曞拰闈炵敓浜х幆澧冦€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃瑕佽寮€鍙戞祴璇曟敮浠橀〉闈€?/p>

濡傛灉鐩存帴澶嶅埗鐢熶骇鏁版嵁搴擄紝寮€鍙戜汉鍛樺氨浼氱湅鍒扮湡瀹炲鎴峰崱鍙枫€佽韩浠借瘉鍙峰拰鎵嬫満鍙枫€?/p>

杩欏緢鍗遍櫓銆?/p>

鍏徃鎶婂崱鍙锋崲鎴愭牸寮忔纭殑鍋囧崱鍙枫€?/p>

鎶婅韩浠借瘉鍙锋崲鎴愬亣鍙风爜銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐣岄潰鍙樉绀哄悗鍥涗綅銆?/p>

寮€鍙戣繕鑳芥祴璇曢暱搴︺€佹牸寮忋€佹牎楠岄€昏緫銆?/p>

浣嗘病浜鸿兘鐪嬪埌鐪熷疄瀹㈡埛淇℃伅銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Data Masking銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data masking锛堟暟鎹劚鏁忥級銆乺edaction锛堥伄鐩栵級銆乷bfuscation锛堟贩娣嗭級銆乴ast four digits锛堝彧鏄剧ず鍚庡洓浣嶏級锛屽厛鎯?Data Masking銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?test / development data锛堟祴璇?/ 寮€鍙戞暟鎹級瑕佸彲鐢ㄤ絾涓嶈兘鏆撮湶鐪熷疄鏁忔劅鍊硷紝涔熷父閫?Data Masking銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?token vault锛堜护鐗屽簱锛夈€乵apping table锛堟槧灏勮〃锛夛紝鏇村儚 Tokenization銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存暟瀛﹀姞瀵嗐€佸瘑閽ャ€佽В瀵嗭紝鏇村儚 Encryption銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Masking锛氶伄鐩栨垨鏇挎崲鐪熷疄鍊笺€?/p>

Tokenization锛氱敤 token 鏇夸唬鐪熷疄鍊硷紝鐪熷疄鍊煎湪 vault 閲屾槧灏勩€?/p>

Encryption锛氱敤绠楁硶鍜屽瘑閽ユ妸鍐呭鍙樻垚瀵嗘枃锛屽彲瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

Hashing锛氬崟鍚戞憳瑕侊紝閫氬父涓嶈兘杩樺師銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Tokenization = 浠ょ墝鍖栥€?/p>

Token锛堜护鐗岋級鏄?surrogate value锛堟浛浠ｅ€硷級銆?/p>

鐪熷疄鏁忔劅鏁版嵁鏀惧湪 token vault锛堜护鐗屽簱 / 淇濋櫓鏌滐級閲屻€?/p>

涓氬姟绯荤粺鍙繚瀛?token銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏀诲嚮鑰呭伔鍒?token锛岄€氬父涓嶈兘鐩存帴鎺ㄥ嚭鐪熷疄鍗″彿銆?/p>

鍥犱负 token 涓嶆槸瀵嗘枃锛屼笉鏄潬绠楁硶鐩存帴瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

瀹冮潬瀹夊叏鏄犲皠琛ㄦ妸 token 瀵瑰簲鍥炵湡瀹炲€笺€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

PAN = Primary Account Number锛堜富璐﹀彿 / 鏀粯鍗″彿锛夈€?/p>

Token vault锛堜护鐗屽簱锛夛細淇濆瓨鐪熷疄鍊煎拰 token 鏄犲皠鐨勫畨鍏ㄧ郴缁熴€?/p>

Mapping table锛堟槧灏勮〃锛夛細璁板綍 token 鍜岀湡瀹炲€煎叧绯汇€?/p>

Surrogate value锛堟浛浠ｅ€硷級锛氬閮ㄧ郴缁熶娇鐢ㄧ殑浠ｅ彿銆?/p>

PCI scope锛圥CI 鑼冨洿锛夛細浠ょ墝鍖栧彲鍑忓皯绯荤粺鐩存帴澶勭悊鍗″彿鐨勮寖鍥淬€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱湡鍗″彿杩涗繚闄╂煖锛屽闈㈠彧鐢ㄤ唬鍙枫€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛渶璐翠护鐗屽寲銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛歵oken 鏄瘑鏂囥€?/p>

娣樻卑銆倀oken 涓嶄竴瀹氭湁鏁板鍙€嗗叧绯汇€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬伔鍒颁唬鍙蜂篃鍒蜂笉浜嗗崱銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滈闄╅挬瀛愩€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀繚闄╂煖 + 浠ｅ彿鈥濄€傚畠鑳藉尯鍒?tokenization 鍜?encryption銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Tokenization = 鐪熷€艰繘搴擄紝澶栭潰鐢ㄤ唬鍙枫€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭敹閾剁郴缁熶笉淇濆瓨鐪熷疄鍗″彿锛屽彧淇濆瓨 tok_7392锛涚湡姝ｅ崱鍙峰湪浠ょ墝淇濋櫓鏌滈噷锛屽彧鏈夊彈鎺х郴缁熻兘鏌ユ槧灏勩€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細浠ょ墝鍖栫敤鏃犳剰涔?token 鏇夸唬鏁忔劅鏁版嵁锛岄€氳繃鍙椾繚鎶ょ殑 token vault 鏄犲皠鍥炵湡瀹炲€笺€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鐨勭數鍟嗙郴缁熻澶勭悊閾惰鍗°€?/p>

濡傛灉璁㈠崟搴撻噷鐩存帴瀛樼湡瀹炲崱鍙凤紝搴撲竴娉勯湶灏卞畬浜嗐€?/p>

浜庢槸鏀粯绯荤粺鎶婄湡瀹炲崱鍙锋斁杩涗护鐗屽簱銆?/p>

璁㈠崟搴撳彧淇濆瓨涓€涓唬鍙枫€?/p>

瀹㈡湇銆佸彂璐с€佽鍗曠郴缁熼兘鎷夸唬鍙峰姙浜嬨€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呭伔璧拌鍗曞簱锛屽彧鐪嬪埌涓€鍫?token銆?/p>

娌℃湁浠ょ墝搴撴槧灏勶紝token 涓嶈兘鐩存帴褰撳崱鍙风敤銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Tokenization銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?tokenization锛堜护鐗屽寲锛夈€乼oken vault锛堜护鐗屽簱锛夈€乻urrogate value锛堟浛浠ｅ€硷級銆丳AN / card number锛堟敮浠樺崱鍙凤級锛屽厛鎯?Tokenization銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?mapping table锛堟槧灏勮〃锛夋垨 vault锛堜繚闄╁簱锛夛紝涔熷湪鎸囦护鐗屽寲銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂檷浣?PCI 鑼冨洿銆佸噺灏戠郴缁熺洿鎺ヤ繚瀛樺崱鍙凤紝甯哥湅 Tokenization銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村彧鏄剧ず鍚庡洓浣嶏紝鍙兘鏄?Data Masking銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村瘑閽ュ拰瑙ｅ瘑锛屽彲鑳芥槸 Encryption銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Tokenization锛氱敤浠ｅ彿鏇挎崲鐪熷€硷紝闈?vault 鏄犲皠銆?/p>

Data Masking锛氶伄浣忔垨鏇挎崲鏄剧ず/娴嬭瘯鏁版嵁锛屼笉涓€瀹氳兘杩樺師銆?/p>

Encryption锛氭暟瀛﹀姞瀵嗭紝鍙敤瀵嗛挜瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

Hashing锛氬崟鍚戞憳瑕侊紝涓嶅簲鑳借繕鍘熷師鍊笺€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DLP = Data Loss Prevention / Data Leak Prevention锛堟暟鎹涪澶遍槻鎶?/ 鏁版嵁闃叉硠婕忥級銆?/p>

瀹冮噸鐐圭湅 data content锛堟暟鎹唴瀹癸級鍜?destination锛堝幓鍚戯級銆?/p>

涓嶆槸鍙湅绔彛銆両P 鎴栨敾鍑荤鍚嶃€?/p>

DLP 浼氳瘑鍒晱鎰熸暟鎹紝姣斿韬唤璇佸彿銆佷俊鐢ㄥ崱鍙枫€佸鎴峰悕鍗曘€佹簮浠ｇ爜銆佸悎鍚屻€?/p>

鐒跺悗鎸夌瓥鐣ュ喅瀹?alert锛堝憡璀︼級銆乥lock锛堥樆鏂級銆乹uarantine锛堥殧绂伙級銆乪ncrypt锛堝姞瀵嗭級銆乺equire approval锛堣姹傚鎵癸級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Content inspection锛堝唴瀹规鏌ワ級锛氭墦寮€鏂囦欢鐪嬮噷闈㈡槸浠€涔堛€?/p>

Fingerprinting锛堟寚绾癸級锛氳瘑鍒壒瀹氭晱鎰熸暟鎹泦銆?/p>

Exfiltration锛堝娉勶級锛氭暟鎹甯﹀嚭缁勭粐鎺у埗鑼冨洿銆?/p>

Policy锛堢瓥鐣ワ級锛氬畾涔夊摢浜涙暟鎹笉鑳藉幓鍝噷銆?/p>

False positive锛堣鎶ワ級锛氭甯镐笟鍔¤璇嫤锛孌LP 闇€瑕佽皟浼樸€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭暟鎹嚭闂ㄥ畨妫€鏈恒€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛渶璐?DLP銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欴LP 灏辨槸鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚姞瀵嗗彧鏄?DLP 鍙噰鍙栫殑鍔ㄤ綔涔嬩竴銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱湅鍐呭鍜屽幓鍚戙€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆€冭瘯閽╁瓙銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃畨妫€鏈衡€濄€傞鐩棶鏁忔劅鏁版嵁澶栧彂銆佹繁搴﹀唴瀹规鏌ャ€侀樆鏂偖浠?USB/浜戠洏锛屽厛鎯?DLP銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DLP = 鏁版嵁鍑洪棬鍓嶅厛杩囧畨妫€銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬憳宸ヨ鎶婂鎴疯〃鍙戝埌澶栭儴閭锛孌LP 鎵撳紑鏂囦欢鐪嬪唴瀹癸紝鍙戠幇韬唤璇佸彿鍜屽鎴锋爣绛撅紝灏辨寜绛栫暐鍛婅銆佸鎵广€佸姞瀵嗘垨鐩存帴鎷︿笅銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DLP 閫氳繃璇嗗埆銆佸垎绫汇€佺洃鎺у拰鎺у埗鏁版嵁娴佸悜锛屽噺灏戞晱鎰熸暟鎹硠闇层€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変竴寮犲鎴疯〃銆?/p>

琛ㄩ噷鏈夊鍚嶃€佹墜鏈哄彿銆佽韩浠借瘉鍙峰拰璁㈠崟閲戦銆?/p>

鍛樺伐鎯虫妸瀹冨彂鍒颁釜浜洪偖绠卞姞鐝鐞嗐€?/p>

閭欢缃戝叧閲岀殑 DLP 鎵撳紑闄勪欢銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄彧鐪嬫枃浠跺悕鏄笉鏄€滃鎴疯〃鈥濄€?/p>

瀹冪湅鍐呭閲屾湁娌℃湁韬唤璇佸彿妯″紡銆佸鎴锋爣绛俱€佹晱鎰熷瓧娈靛拰鏁版嵁鎸囩汗銆?/p>

鍙戠幇鍛戒腑绛栫暐鍚庯紝瀹冨彲浠ュ脊绐楁彁閱掋€佽姹傚鎵广€佸姞瀵嗛檮浠讹紝鎴栬€呯洿鎺ラ樆鏂彂閫併€?/p>

濡傛灉鍛樺伐鎶婃枃浠跺鍒跺埌 U 鐩橈紝绔偣 DLP 涔熷彲鑳芥嫤銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏂囦欢韬哄湪浜戠洏閲岋紝浜?DLP 鍙兘鎵弿鍑烘潵銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?DLP銆丏ata Loss Prevention銆乨ata leak prevention銆乪xfiltration锛堝娉勶級銆乧ontent inspection锛堝唴瀹规鏌ワ級锛屽厛閫?DLP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇磋瘑鍒瓨鍌ㄥ湪缁堢鎴栭€氳繃缃戠粶浼犺緭鐨勬晱鎰熶俊鎭紝涔熷父閫?DLP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?endpoint / network / storage / cloud DLP锛岃鎸変綅缃悊瑙ｃ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂樆姝㈠鎴疯祫鏂欍€佷俊鐢ㄥ崱鍙枫€佹簮浠ｇ爜澶栧彂锛孌LP 鏄珮棰戠瓟妗堛€?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶鍏ヤ镜妫€娴嬫垨鏀诲嚮绛惧悕锛屼笉鏄?DLP 鐨勪富鍦恒€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

DLP锛氱湅鏁版嵁鍐呭鍜屽幓鍚戯紝闃叉晱鎰熸暟鎹鍙戙€?/p>

IDS / IPS锛氱湅鏀诲嚮鎴栧紓甯告祦閲忋€?/p>

Firewall锛氫富瑕佹寜缃戠粶瑙勫垯鎺у埗杩炴帴銆?/p>

Encryption锛氫繚鎶ゅ唴瀹逛笉琚湅鎳傦紝鏄墜娈典箣涓€銆?/p>

SIEM锛氶泦涓敹鏃ュ織鍜屽叧鑱斿垎鏋愶紝涓嶇洿鎺ユ嫤鏁版嵁澶栧彂銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Privacy / PII / PHI / 闅愮銆佷釜浜鸿韩浠戒俊鎭笌鍙椾繚鎶ゅ仴搴蜂俊鎭?/h2>

Privacy銆丳II銆丳HI 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愪笁涓绔嬬缉鍐欍€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歅II 鏄兘璁ゅ嚭鈥滀綘鏄皝鈥濈殑淇℃伅锛孭HI 鏄尰鐤楀満鏅噷鑳借鍑衡€滀綘鏄皝鈥濈殑鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛孭rivacy 闂殑鏄埆浜鸿兘涓嶈兘鏀堕泦銆佷娇鐢ㄣ€佸垎浜繖浜涗俊鎭€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Privacy = 闅愮銆?/p>

瀹冨叧蹇冪殑鏄釜浜哄鑷繁淇℃伅鐨勬帶鍒躲€?/p>

璋佽兘鏀堕泦銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟敹闆嗐€?/p>

鑳戒笉鑳藉垎浜€?/p>

淇濆瓨澶氫箙銆?/p>

鐢ㄥ畬鑳戒笉鑳藉垹闄ゃ€?/p>

PII = Personally Identifiable Information锛堜釜浜鸿韩浠戒俊鎭級銆?/p>

瀹冮棶鐨勬槸锛氳繖鏉′俊鎭兘涓嶈兘鐩存帴鎴栭棿鎺ユ寚鍚戜竴涓叿浣撶殑浜恒€?/p>

濮撳悕銆佽韩浠借瘉鍙枫€佺ぞ浼氬畨鍏ㄥ彿鐮併€佸嚭鐢熸棩鏈熴€佸湴鍧€銆侀偖绠便€佺敓鐗╄瘑鍒褰曪紝閮藉彲鑳芥槸 PII銆?/p>

鏁欒偛銆佽储鍔°€佸氨涓氥€佸尰鐤椾俊鎭紝濡傛灉鑳藉拰鏌愪釜浜鸿繛璧锋潵锛屼篃鍙兘鏄?PII銆?/p>

PHI = Protected Health Information锛堝彈淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛夈€?/p>

瀹冮棶鐨勬槸锛氳繖鏄笉鏄拰涓汉鍋ュ悍銆佹不鐤椼€佸尰鐤椾粯娆炬湁鍏筹紝骞朵笖澶勫湪 HIPAA锛堢編鍥藉仴搴蜂繚闄╁彲鎼烘€т笌璐ｄ换娉曟锛夌鐨勫尰鐤椼€佷繚闄┿€佹竻绠楁満鏋勬垨涓氬姟浼欎即鍦烘櫙涓€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Personal Data锛堜釜浜烘暟鎹級锛氬拰涓汉鏈夊叧鐨勬暟鎹紝GDPR 閲屽父瑙併€?/p>

Data Subject锛堟暟鎹富浣擄級锛氳繖浠戒釜浜烘暟鎹寚鍚戠殑閭ｄ釜浜恒€?/p>

PII锛堜釜浜鸿韩浠戒俊鎭級锛氳兘璇嗗埆鎴栬拷韪釜浜虹殑淇℃伅銆?/p>

PHI锛堝彈淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛夛細鍙瘑鍒釜浜虹殑鍋ュ悍銆佹不鐤椼€佷粯娆句俊鎭€?/p>

Minimum Necessary锛堟渶灏忓繀瑕侊級锛氬彧鎷垮畬鎴愪换鍔″繀椤绘嬁鐨勯偅涓€灏忛儴鍒嗐€?/p>

Consent锛堝悓鎰忥級锛氫釜浜哄厑璁镐綘杩欐牱澶勭悊鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Notice锛堝憡鐭ワ級锛氱粍缁囪鍛婅瘔涓汉鏁版嵁鎬庝箞琚敤銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫釜浜鸿祫鏂欎俊灏併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備俊灏佸鍐欏鍚嶅拰韬唤璇佸彿锛屾槸 PII锛涗俊灏侀噷鏀剧梾鍘嗗拰鍖荤枟璐﹀崟锛屽湪鍖荤枟鍦烘櫙閲屽氨鏄?PHI锛涜皝鑳芥墦寮€淇″皝锛屽氨鏄?Privacy銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶殣绉佷繚闄╃銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳借鈥滆皝鑳界湅鈥濓紝浣嗕笉澶熷尯鍒?PII 鍜?PHI銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭墍鏈夊仴搴锋暟鎹兘鏄?PHI銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄敊鐨勩€傛櫘閫氬仴韬枃绔犱笉鏄?PHI锛屽尶鍚嶇粺璁′篃涓嶄竴瀹氭槸 PHI銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀釜浜鸿祫鏂欎俊灏佲€濄€傝繖鑳芥妸 PII銆丳HI銆丳rivacy 涓夊眰鍚屾椂鏀捐繘涓€涓敾闈€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Privacy / PII / PHI = 涓汉璧勬枡淇″皝銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫俊灏佸鑳借鍑轰綘锛屾槸 PII锛涗俊灏侀噷鏄綘鐨勭梾鍘嗗拰璐﹀崟锛屽湪鍖荤枟鍙楃鍦烘櫙閲屽氨鏄?PHI锛涜皝鑳芥墦寮€銆佸鍗般€佽浆鍙戣繖涓俊灏侊紝灏辨槸 Privacy銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闅愮淇濇姢涓嶆槸鍙妸鏁版嵁閿佽捣鏉ワ紝鑰屾槸绠＄悊涓汉淇℃伅浠庢敹闆嗐€佷娇鐢ㄣ€佸叡浜埌鍒犻櫎鐨勫叏杩囩▼銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵寮€浜嗕竴涓仴搴风敤鍝佷笓鍖恒€?/p>

鏅€氳鍗曢噷鏈夊鍚嶃€佹墜鏈哄彿銆佸湴鍧€鍜岄偖绠便€?/p>

杩欎簺淇℃伅鑳借鍑哄鎴锋槸璋侊紝鎵€浠ユ槸 PII銆?/p>

鍚庢潵灏忔灄鍜岃瘖鎵€鍚堜綔锛岀郴缁熼噷鍑虹幇瀹㈡埛鐨勮瘖鏂粨鏋溿€佸鏂广€佹不鐤楄褰曞拰浠樻璁板綍銆?/p>

杩欎簺璧勬枡濡傛灉鑳芥寚鍚戝叿浣撳鎴凤紝骞朵笖璇婃墍銆佷繚闄╂柟鎴栧鍖呭鐞嗘柟鍦ㄧ敤锛屽氨鍙樻垚 PHI銆?/p>

灏忔灄涓嶈兘鍥犱负鈥滆祫鏂欏湪鑷繁绯荤粺閲屸€濆氨闅忎究鐢ㄣ€?/p>

浠栬闂竻妤氾細褰撳垵涓轰粈涔堟敹闆嗭紝瀹㈡埛鏈夋病鏈夎鍛婄煡锛岃皝鏈夋潈闄愮湅锛岃兘涓嶈兘鍙戠粰鍚堜綔鏂癸紝瑕佷繚瀛樺涔咃紝鍒版湡鎬庝箞鍒犮€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Privacy銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?PII銆丳ersonally Identifiable Information锛堜釜浜鸿韩浠戒俊鎭級銆丼SN锛堢ぞ浼氬畨鍏ㄥ彿鐮侊級銆乥iometric record锛堢敓鐗╄瘑鍒褰曪級銆乨ate of birth锛堝嚭鐢熸棩鏈燂級锛屽厛鎯宠兘涓嶈兘璇嗗埆涓汉銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?PHI銆丳rotected Health Information锛堝彈淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛夈€乸atient record锛堢梾鍘嗭級銆乭ealth plan锛堝仴搴疯鍒掞級銆乭ealthcare provider锛堝尰鐤楁湇鍔℃彁渚涜€咃級锛屽厛鎯?HIPAA 鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂鐞嗕釜浜烘暟鎹殑绗竴鍘熷垯锛屼笉瑕佸彧閫夆€滃叏閮ㄥ姞瀵嗏€濄€?/p>

鍏堢湅鍚堟硶渚濇嵁銆佸憡鐭ャ€佺洰鐨勯檺鍒躲€佹暟鎹渶灏忓寲銆佽闂帶鍒跺拰淇濈暀鏈熼檺銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

PII锛氳兘璁ゅ嚭鏌愪釜浜恒€?/p>

PHI锛氬彲璇嗗埆涓汉鐨勫仴搴蜂俊鎭紝骞朵笖鍦?HIPAA 鐩稿叧鍖荤枟鍦烘櫙閲屻€?/p>

Privacy锛氳皝鑳芥敹闆嗐€佷娇鐢ㄣ€佸垎浜€佷繚鐣欍€佸垹闄や釜浜轰俊鎭€?/p>

Confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級锛氫笉璇ョ湅鐨勪汉涓嶈兘鐪嬨€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歅HI 涓嶆槸鈥滄墍鏈夊仴搴峰唴瀹光€濄€傚叧閿鐪嬭兘涓嶈兘璇嗗埆涓汉锛屼互鍙婃槸涓嶆槸鍦ㄥ彈绠″尰鐤楄澧冮噷銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細GDPR / General Data Protection Regulation / 娆х洘閫氱敤鏁版嵁淇濇姢鏉′緥

GDPR 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滄娲叉硶寰嬶紝寰堜弗鏍尖€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欸DPR 鍍忔鐩熶釜浜烘暟鎹捣鍏筹紝鍙浣犲鐞嗘鐩熺浉鍏充釜浜烘暟鎹紝灏辫璇存槑鐩殑銆佸皯鎷挎暟鎹€佸埆涔辫浆杩愩€佸嚭浜嬭兘浜よ处銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

GDPR = General Data Protection Regulation锛堟鐩熼€氱敤鏁版嵁淇濇姢鏉′緥锛夈€?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶ょ殑鏄?Personal Data锛堜釜浜烘暟鎹級銆?/p>

涓汉鏁版嵁涓嶅彧鏄韩浠借瘉鍙枫€?/p>

鍙鑳界洿鎺ユ垨闂存帴璇嗗埆鏌愪釜浜猴紝閮藉彲鑳借惤杩涘畠鐨勮寖鍥淬€?/p>

GDPR 涓嶆槸鍙娆х洘鍏徃銆?/p>

濡傛灉缁勭粐鍦ㄦ鐩熻澧冧笅澶勭悊涓汉鏁版嵁锛屾垨鑰呭悜娆х洘涓汉鎻愪緵鏈嶅姟銆佺洃娴嬪叾琛屼负锛屼篃鍙兘琚?GDPR 褰卞搷銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Right to Erasure锛堝垹闄ゆ潈锛夛細绗﹀悎娉曞畾鏉′欢鏃讹紝涓汉鍙互瑕佹眰鍒犻櫎鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Right to be Forgotten锛堣閬楀繕鏉冿級锛氬父鍜屽垹闄ゆ潈涓€璧峰嚭鐜般€?/p>

DPO = Data Protection Officer锛堟暟鎹繚鎶ゅ畼锛夈€?/p>

SCC = Standard Contractual Clauses锛堟爣鍑嗗悎鍚屾潯娆撅級銆?/p>

BCR = Binding Corporate Rules锛堢害鏉熸€у叕鍙歌鍒欙級銆?/p>

Adequacy Decision锛堝厖鍒嗘€ц瀹氾級锛氭鐩熻涓烘煇鍦颁繚鎶ゆ按骞宠冻澶熴€?/p>

72 hours锛?2 灏忔椂锛夛細涓汉鏁版嵁娉勯湶鍦ㄨ揪鍒伴€氱煡鏉′欢鏃讹紝閫氬父瑕佸敖蹇苟鍦?72 灏忔椂鍐呴€氱煡鐩戠鏈烘瀯銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭鐩熸暟鎹捣鍏炽€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛暟鎹杩囧銆佽浣跨敤銆佽鍒犻櫎锛岄兘瑕佹寜瑙勫垯妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欸DPR = 绠″緱鎬曚汉銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お鍙ｆ按锛屼笉鑳藉府灏忕櫧鍖哄垎 controller銆乸rocessor銆乺ight to erasure銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫釜浜烘暟鎹姢鐓с€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€備釜浜烘暟鎹儚鎷跨潃鎶ょ収鍑哄锛屽幓鍝噷閮借鐪嬭鍒欍€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄鐩熸暟鎹捣鍏斥€濄€傚畠鑳芥帴浣忎釜浜烘潈鍒┿€佸鐞嗚鑹层€佽法澧冧紶杈撳拰闂矗銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

GDPR = 娆х洘鏁版嵁娴峰叧銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫釜浜烘暟鎹琚敹闆嗐€佷娇鐢ㄣ€佽浆鍒板澶栨垨鍒犻櫎锛屽厛杩囨鐩熸暟鎹捣鍏筹紝璇存槑鐩殑銆佸皯鎷挎暟鎹€佹寜鍚堟硶鏈哄埗杞繍銆佸嚭浜嬭兘浜よ处銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細GDPR 瑙勫畾缁勭粐澶勭悊涓汉鏁版嵁鏃剁殑鏉冨埄銆佽矗浠汇€佽鑹插拰璺ㄥ浼犺緭瑕佹眰銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍑嗗鍗栧埌娆ф床銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛涓嬪崟鏃剁暀涓嬪鍚嶃€佸湴鍧€銆侀偖绠便€佷粯娆捐褰曞拰娴忚琛屼负銆?/p>

灏忔灄涓嶈兘鍙鈥滄垜鎶婃暟鎹簱鍔犲瘑浜嗭紝鎵€浠ユ病浜嬧€濄€?/p>

GDPR 鍏堥棶锛氫綘涓轰粈涔堟敹闆嗚繖浜涙暟鎹€?/p>

鏄笉鏄彧鏀跺繀瑕佹暟鎹€?/p>

鏈夋病鏈夊憡璇夊鎴锋€庝箞鐢ㄣ€?/p>

瀹㈡埛瑕佹煡鐪嬨€佹洿姝ｃ€佸垹闄ゆ椂鎬庝箞鍔炪€?/p>

濡傛灉鎶婂鏈嶇郴缁熸斁鍒版鐩熶互澶栵紝闈犱粈涔堟満鍒朵紶鍑哄幓銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍙戠敓涓汉鏁版嵁娉勯湶锛岃皝璐熻矗鍒ゆ柇鍜岄€氱煡銆?/p>

杩欎笉鏄妧鏈己涓嶅己鐨勯棶棰橈紝鑰屾槸涓汉鏁版嵁澶勭悊鏈夋病鏈夊悎瑙勮矾绾裤€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?GDPR銆丒U锛堟鐩燂級銆乸ersonal data锛堜釜浜烘暟鎹級銆乨ata subject锛堟暟鎹富浣擄級锛屽厛鎯?GDPR銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?right to erasure锛堝垹闄ゆ潈锛夋垨 right to be forgotten锛堣閬楀繕鏉冿級锛岄€?GDPR 涓汉鏉冨埄銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鍐冲畾澶勭悊鐩殑鍜屾柟寮忥紝閫?controller锛堟帶鍒惰€咃級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝浠ｈ〃鍒汉澶勭悊鏁版嵁锛岄€?processor锛堝鐞嗚€咃級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂鐩熶釜浜烘暟鎹法澧冧紶杈擄紝鍏堢湅 SCC銆丅CR銆乤dequacy decision 杩欑被鏈哄埗銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

GDPR锛氭鐩熶釜浜烘暟鎹繚鎶よ鍒欍€?/p>

HIPAA锛氱編鍥藉尰鐤楀仴搴蜂俊鎭鍒欍€?/p>

PCI DSS锛氭敮浠樺崱琛屼笟鏁版嵁瀹夊叏鏍囧噯銆?/p>

Data Localization锛堟暟鎹湰鍦板寲锛夛細瑕佹眰鏁版嵁瀛樻斁鎴栧鐞嗗湪鏌愬湴銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欸DPR 涓嶆槸鈥滄墍鏈夋暟鎹繀椤荤暀鍦ㄦ娲测€濄€傚畠鏇存牳蹇冪殑鏄釜浜烘暟鎹鐞嗘槸鍚﹀悎娉曘€侀€忔槑銆佸繀瑕併€佸彲杩借矗銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細HIPAA / Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act / 缇庡浗鍋ュ悍淇濋櫓鍙惡鎬т笌璐ｄ换娉曟

HIPAA 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滅編鍥藉尰鐤楁硶鈥濆洓涓瓧灏辩粨鏉熴€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欻IPAA 绠＄殑鏄編鍥藉彈绠″尰鐤楀満鏅噷鐨?PHI锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍖婚櫌銆佷繚闄┿€佹竻绠楁満鏋勫拰澶勭悊 PHI 鐨勪笟鍔′紮浼存€庝箞浣跨敤銆佹姭闇插拰淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

HIPAA = Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act锛堝仴搴蜂繚闄╁彲鎼烘€т笌璐ｄ换娉曟锛夈€?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄妸鎵€鏈夊仴搴锋暟鎹兘鍖呰繘鍘汇€?/p>

瀹冮噸鐐逛繚鎶?PHI = Protected Health Information锛堝彈淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛夈€?/p>

PHI 鍙互鏄數瀛愮殑銆佺焊闈㈢殑銆佸彛澶寸殑銆?/p>

鍙瀹冨拰涓汉鍋ュ悍銆佸尰鐤楁湇鍔℃垨鍖荤枟浠樻鏈夊叧锛屽苟涓旇兘鎸囧悜涓汉锛屽氨瑕佽鐪熷垽鏂€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

PHI锛堝彈淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛夛細鍙瘑鍒釜浜虹殑鍋ュ悍銆佹不鐤椼€佷粯娆句俊鎭€?/p>

ePHI锛堢數瀛愬彈淇濇姢鍋ュ悍淇℃伅锛夛細鐢靛瓙褰㈠紡鐨?PHI銆?/p>

Covered Entity锛堝彈绠″疄浣擄級锛欻IPAA 鐩存帴绠＄殑鍖荤枟鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵鑰呫€佸仴搴疯鍒掋€佹竻绠楁満鏋勩€?/p>

Business Associate锛堜笟鍔′紮浼达級锛氬府鍙楃瀹炰綋澶勭悊 PHI 鐨勫鍖呮柟銆佹湇鍔″晢銆?/p>

Minimum Necessary锛堟渶灏忓繀瑕侊級锛氬彧浣跨敤鎴栨姭闇插畬鎴愮洰鐨勬墍闇€鐨勬渶灏?PHI銆?/p>

BAA锛堜笟鍔′紮浼村崗璁級锛氳涓氬姟浼欎即涔熸寜 HIPAA 瑕佹眰淇濇姢 PHI銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱梾鍘嗗彧鎾曞鐢ㄧ殑涓€椤点€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣?Minimum Necessary锛堟渶灏忓繀瑕侊級銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬尰闄㈠ぇ闂ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳借鍖荤枟鍦烘櫙锛屼絾涓嶅鍖哄垎涓氬姟浼欎即銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欻IPAA = 鎵€鏈夊仴搴?App銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侶IPAA 鏄惁閫傜敤锛岃鐪嬩富浣撱€佸満鏅拰鏁版嵁锛屼笉鏄湅鍒板仴搴蜂袱涓瓧灏遍€夈€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅梾鍘嗗彧鎾曞鐢ㄧ殑涓€椤碘€濄€傚畠鏃㈣兘璁?PHI锛屼篃鑳借鏈€灏忓繀瑕佸拰涓氬姟浼欎即鍗忚銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

HIPAA = 鐥呭巻鍙挄澶熺敤鐨勪竴椤点€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬尰闄€佷繚闄╂柟鎴栧鍖呮湇鍔″晢澶勭悊鐥呭巻鏃讹紝涓嶈兘鏁存湰鎶辫蛋锛涚湅鐥呫€佷粯娆俱€佽繍钀ラ渶瑕佸摢涓€椤碉紝灏卞彧鐢ㄥ摢涓€椤碉紝骞剁敤鍗忚鍜屽畨鍏ㄦ帾鏂界浣忋€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細HIPAA 瑙勫畾鍙楃鍖荤枟鍦烘櫙涓?PHI 鐨勪娇鐢ㄣ€佹姭闇插拰淇濇姢瑕佹眰銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄璇婃墍瑕佹妸璐﹀崟澶栧寘缁欎竴瀹剁粨绠楀叕鍙搞€?/p>

璐﹀崟閲屾湁鎮ｈ€呭鍚嶃€佽瘖鏂€佹不鐤楅」鐩拰浠樻淇℃伅銆?/p>

杩欎笉鏄櫘閫氬鎴疯祫鏂欍€?/p>

瀹冩槸 PHI銆?/p>

璇婃墍涓嶈兘鐩存帴鎶婃暣濂楃梾鍘嗕涪缁欏鍖呭叕鍙搞€?/p>

瀹冭绛?BAA锛堜笟鍔′紮浼村崗璁級銆?/p>

澶栧寘鍏徃鍙兘鎷垮畬鎴愯处鍗曞伐浣滈渶瑕佺殑閭ｉ儴鍒嗕俊鎭€?/p>

濡傛灉淇℃伅鏄數瀛愬舰寮忥紝杩樿鎸?Security Rule锛堝畨鍏ㄨ鍒欙級鍋氳闂帶鍒躲€佸璁°€佷紶杈撲繚鎶ゅ拰鍏朵粬瀹夊叏鎺柦銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?HIPAA銆丳HI銆乪PHI銆乸atient record锛堢梾鍘嗭級銆乭ealth plan锛堝仴搴疯鍒掞級銆乭ealthcare clearinghouse锛堝尰鐤椾俊鎭竻绠楁満鏋勶級锛屽厛鎯?HIPAA銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?covered entity锛堝彈绠″疄浣擄級鎶?PHI 浜ょ粰 vendor锛堜緵搴斿晢锛夊鐞嗭紝鍏堟兂 business associate锛堜笟鍔′紮浼达級鍜?BAA锛堜笟鍔′紮浼村崗璁級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滃彧缁欐不鐤楁墍闇€鐨勯儴鍒嗕俊鎭€濓紝鐪?minimum necessary锛堟渶灏忓繀瑕侊級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?ePHI 鐨勬満瀵嗘€с€佸畬鏁存€с€佸彲鐢ㄦ€т繚鎶わ紝鐪?HIPAA Security Rule锛堝畨鍏ㄨ鍒欙級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

HIPAA锛氱編鍥藉彈绠″尰鐤楀満鏅腑鐨?PHI銆?/p>

GDPR锛氭鐩熶釜浜烘暟鎹€?/p>

PII锛氳兘璇嗗埆涓汉鐨勪俊鎭紝涓嶄竴瀹氭槸鍖荤枟銆?/p>

PHI锛氬彲璇嗗埆涓汉鐨勫仴搴蜂俊鎭紝骞朵笖鍦?HIPAA 鐩稿叧鍦烘櫙涓€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫笉瑕佺湅鍒板仴搴锋暟鎹氨鑷姩閫?HIPAA銆傚厛鐪嬫槸涓嶆槸鍙瘑鍒釜浜猴紝璋佸湪澶勭悊锛屾槸鍚﹀睘浜?HIPAA 鐨勫彈绠″満鏅€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Retention / Record Retention / 鏁版嵁淇濈暀

Data Retention 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滄暟鎹淇濆瓨涓€娈垫椂闂粹€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟鎹繚鐣欓棶鐨勬槸杩欎唤鏁版嵁涓轰粈涔堣鐣欍€佺暀澶氫箙銆佽皝鎵瑰噯銆佸埌鏈熸€庝箞澶勭悊銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Retention = 鏁版嵁淇濈暀銆?/p>

Record Retention = 璁板綍淇濈暀銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄浠姐€?/p>

澶囦唤鍥炵瓟鈥滃潖浜嗘€庝箞鎭㈠鈥濄€?/p>

淇濈暀鍥炵瓟鈥滆繖浠借祫鏂欐寜娉曞緥銆佷笟鍔℃垨瀹¤瑕佹眰瑕佺暀澶氫箙鈥濄€?/p>

濡傛灉鏈夎瘔璁笺€佽皟鏌ユ垨鐩戠瑕佹眰锛岃繕鍙兘瑙﹀彂 Legal Hold锛堟硶寰嬩繚鐣欙級锛屾殏鍋滄甯稿垹闄ゃ€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Retention Period锛堜繚鐣欐湡闄愶級锛氭暟鎹簲璇ヤ繚瀛樼殑鏃堕棿銆?/p>

Retention Schedule锛堜繚鐣欒鍒掞級锛氫笉鍚岃褰曞搴斾笉鍚屼繚鐣欐湡闄愩€?/p>

Legal Hold锛堟硶寰嬩繚鐣欙級锛氳瘔璁兼垨璋冩煡闇€瑕佹椂锛屽厛鍒垹銆?/p>

Disposition锛堝缃級锛氫繚鐣欐湡缁撴潫鍚庣殑褰掓。銆佸垹闄ゆ垨閿€姣併€?/p>

Storage Limitation锛堝瓨鍌ㄦ湡闄愰檺鍒讹級锛氬彧鍦ㄥ繀瑕佹湡闄愬唴淇濆瓨銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳祫鏂欏€熶功鍗°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛瘡浠借祫鏂欏儚涓€鏈功锛屽崱鐗囦笂鍐欑潃褰掕繕鏃ュ拰澶勭悊鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭案杩滅暀鐫€鏈€瀹夊叏銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆備繚鐣欏お涔呬細鎵╁ぇ椋庨櫓銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬浠藉氨鏄繚鐣欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚浠芥槸鎭㈠鍓湰锛屼篃瑕侀伒瀹堜繚鐣欐斂绛栥€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆祫鏂欏€熶功鍗♀€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鐣欏涔呫€佷负浠€涔堢暀銆佸埌鏈熸€庝箞澶勭悊璇存竻妤氥€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Retention = 姣忎唤璧勬枡閮芥湁鍊熶功鍗°€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬悎鍚屻€佹棩蹇椼€侀偖浠躲€佺梾鍘嗗拰璁㈠崟閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勫埌鏈熸棩锛屾病鍒版湡瑕佷繚绠★紝鍒版湡瑕佹寜鏀跨瓥褰掓。鎴栭攢姣侊紝閬囧埌娉曞緥淇濈暀鍏堟殏鍋滃垹闄ゃ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁淇濈暀鐢ㄦ斂绛栧拰璁″垝鎺у埗璁板綍淇濆瓨鏈熼檺锛屽钩琛″悎瑙勩€佷笟鍔″拰椋庨櫓銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵淇濆瓨璁㈠崟銆佸鏈嶈亰澶┿€佷粯娆捐褰曞拰绯荤粺鏃ュ織銆?/p>

浠栦竴寮€濮嬫兂鈥滅‖鐩樹究瀹滐紝鍏ㄩ兘姘镐箙鐣欑潃鈥濄€?/p>

娉曞姟鍛婅瘔浠栵紝杩欎笉鏄ソ涓绘剰銆?/p>

鏈変簺璁板綍瑕佺暀鍒版弧瓒崇◣鍔″拰鍚堝悓瑕佹眰銆?/p>

鏈変簺鏃ュ織鐣欏埌鑳借皟鏌ュ畨鍏ㄤ簨浠跺氨澶熶簡銆?/p>

鏈変簺涓汉鏁版嵁鍒版湡灏卞簲璇ュ垹闄ゃ€?/p>

濡傛灉鍏徃姝ｅ湪琚皟鏌ワ紝鐩稿叧閭欢鍜屾棩蹇椾笉鑳芥寜璁″垝鍒犻櫎锛岃繖鍙?Legal Hold锛堟硶寰嬩繚鐣欙級銆?/p>

淇濈暀涓嶆槸鍫嗕粨搴擄紝鑰屾槸缁欐瘡绫昏祫鏂欒创涓婂埌鏈熸爣绛俱€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?retention policy锛堜繚鐣欑瓥鐣ワ級銆乺etention schedule锛堜繚鐣欒鍒掞級銆乺ecords management锛堣褰曠鐞嗭級锛屽厛鎯?Data Retention銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂€滄暟鎹簲璇ヤ繚瀛樺涔呪€濓紝涓嶈閫夐殢鎰忔椂闂淬€?/p>

鍏堢湅娉曞緥銆佺洃绠°€佸悎鍚屻€佷笟鍔″拰缁勭粐鏀跨瓥銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍑虹幇 litigation锛堣瘔璁硷級銆乮nvestigation锛堣皟鏌ワ級銆乴egal hold锛堟硶寰嬩繚鐣欙級锛屽厛鏆傚仠姝ｅ父閿€姣併€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?backup锛堝浠斤級锛屽厛鍒ゆ柇瀹冩槸涓嶆槸闂仮澶嶏紝涓嶈鐩存帴褰撲繚鐣欑瓟妗堛€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Retention锛氭湁鎰忎繚瀛橈紝鎸夋斂绛栫暀澶氫箙銆?/p>

Data Remanence锛氫互涓哄垹浜嗭紝浣嗕粙璐ㄤ笂杩樻湁娈嬬暀銆?/p>

Backup锛氫负浜嗘仮澶嶇郴缁熷拰鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Archive锛氶暱鏈熷綊妗ｏ紝閫氬父涓轰簡鏌ヨ銆佸悎瑙勬垨鍘嗗彶璁板綍銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫繚鐣欎笉鏄秺涔呰秺濂姐€傚畨鍏ㄨ€冭瘯閲岋紝闀挎湡淇濆瓨涓嶅繀瑕佹暟鎹細鍙樻垚鏂伴闄┿€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Remanence 娣卞寲 / 鏁版嵁娈嬬暀娣卞寲

Data Remanence 杩欏紶鍗″凡缁忓啓杩囧熀纭€锛岃繖閲屼笓闂ㄥ姞娣变粙璐ㄥ拰棰樼洰闄烽槺銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟鎹畫鐣欏氨鏄綘浠ヤ负鍒犳帀浜嗭紝浣嗙‖鐩樸€佺甯︺€丼SD 鎴栫┖闂茬┖闂撮噷杩樺彲鑳界暀涓嬭兘鎭㈠鐨勭棔杩广€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Remanence = 鏁版嵁娈嬬暀銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄€滄垜瑕佹妸鏁版嵁淇濈暀澶氫箙鈥濄€?/p>

瀹冩槸鈥滄垜宸茬粡鍒犻櫎鎴栨牸寮忓寲浜嗭紝涓轰粈涔堝埆浜鸿繕鑳芥仮澶嶅嚭鏉モ€濄€?/p>

鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鍒犻櫎鏂囦欢鏃讹紝甯稿父鍙槸鎶婄洰褰曡褰曟敼鎺夈€?/p>

鐪熸鐨勬暟鎹潡鍙兘杩樺湪浠嬭川涓娿€?/p>

SSD锛堝浐鎬佺‖鐩橈級杩樻湁 wear leveling锛堢（鎹熷潎琛★級锛屼紶缁熻鐩栦笉涓€瀹氳兘瑕嗙洊鍒版墍鏈夌墿鐞嗗崟鍏冦€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Media Sanitization锛堜粙璐ㄥ噣鍖栵級锛氳鐩爣鏁版嵁鍦ㄥ悎鐞嗗姫鍔涗笅涓嶅彲鎭㈠銆?/p>

Clear锛堟竻闄わ級锛氳鏅€氳蒋浠舵仮澶嶄笉浜嗐€?/p>

Purge锛堝噣鍖栵級锛氳鏇村己鎵嬫涔熼毦浠ユ仮澶嶃€?/p>

Destroy锛堥攢姣侊級锛氱矇纰庛€佺啍姣併€佸垏纰庣瓑鐗╃悊鐮村潖銆?/p>

Degaussing锛堟秷纾侊級锛氱敤寮虹鍦烘竻闄ょ鎬т粙璐ㄦ暟鎹€?/p>

Crypto Erase锛堝姞瀵嗘摝闄わ級锛氶攢姣佸姞瀵嗗瘑閽ワ紝璁╁瘑鏂囧け鍘诲彲璇绘€с€?/p>

Free Space锛堢┖闂茬┖闂达級锛氭枃浠跺垹浜嗕互鍚庯紝鏁版嵁娈嬬暀鍙兘韬哄湪杩欓噷銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭摝鎺夐搮绗斿瓧锛岀焊涓婅繕鏈夊帇鐥曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鏈€鍍忊€滃垹浜嗕絾鐥曡抗杩樺湪鈥濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欴elete 鏄瀮鍦炬《銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣滆緟鍔┿€傚畠鑳借浣忊€滃垹闄ゅ彧鏄Щ璧板叆鍙ｂ€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭秷纾佷竾鑳姐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆係SD 鍜屽厜鐩樹笉鑳介潬娑堢瑙ｅ喅銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅焊涓婂帇鐥曗€濄€傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧璁颁綇涓轰粈涔堟櫘閫氬垹闄や笉澶熴€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Remanence = 瀛楁摝鎺変簡锛岀焊涓婅繕鏈夊帇鐥曘€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬垹闄ゅ彧鏄妸瀛椾粠鐩綍涓婃摝鎺夛紝鐪熸鐨勫帇鐥曞彲鑳借繕鍦ㄤ粙璐ㄩ噷锛涙晱鎰熶粙璐ㄩ€€褰规椂瑕佹寜浠嬭川绫诲瀷閫夋嫨娓呴櫎銆佸噣鍖栥€佸姞瀵嗘摝闄ゆ垨鐗╃悊閿€姣併€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁娈嬬暀鏄粙璐ㄤ笂娈嬩綑鏁版嵁浠嶅彲鑳借鎭㈠锛岄渶瑕佸悎閫傜殑浠嬭川鍑€鍖栨柟娉曞鐞嗐€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍑嗗鎶婃棫鐢佃剳鎹愮粰瀛︽牎銆?/p>

浠栨妸瀹㈡埛璧勬枡鎷栬繘鍥炴敹绔欙紝娓呯┖锛屽啀蹇€熸牸寮忓寲纭洏銆?/p>

浠栦互涓哄畨鍏ㄤ簡銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨璇达紝杩欏彧鏄妸涔︽灦鐩綍鎾曟帀锛屼功椤靛彲鑳借繕鍦ㄤ粨搴撻噷銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏄鎬х‖鐩橈紝鍙互鑰冭檻澶氭瑕嗙洊銆佸噣鍖栨垨娑堢銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏄?SSD锛岃鑰冭檻鍘傚晢瀹夊叏鎿﹂櫎銆佸姞瀵嗘摝闄ゆ垨鐗╃悊閿€姣併€?/p>

濡傛灉璧勬枡鐗瑰埆鏁忔劅锛岀洿鎺ラ攢姣佷粙璐ㄥ彲鑳芥墠鏄渶绋崇殑绛旀銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?deleted files锛堝凡鍒犻櫎鏂囦欢锛夈€乫ormatted drive锛堟牸寮忓寲纾佺洏锛夈€乺esidual data锛堟畫浣欐暟鎹級銆乨ata remanence锛堟暟鎹畫鐣欙級锛屽厛鎯虫暟鎹畫鐣欍€?/p>

棰樼洰闂崘璧犮€佽浆鍗栥€侀€€褰逛粙璐ㄥ墠瑕佸仛浠€涔堬紝閫?media sanitization锛堜粙璐ㄥ噣鍖栵級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?magnetic tape锛堢甯︼級鎴?magnetic hard drive锛堢鎬х‖鐩橈級锛宒egaussing锛堟秷纾侊級鍙兘鏄瓟妗堛€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SSD锛堝浐鎬佺‖鐩橈級鎴?optical disc锛堝厜鐩橈級锛屼笉瑕侀€夋秷纾併€?/p>

棰樼洰璇存渶楂樻晱鎰熸暟鎹笖浠嬭川涓嶅啀浣跨敤锛宒estroy锛堥攢姣侊級甯稿父鏇村悎閫傘€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Retention锛氭湁鎰忎繚瀛樸€?/p>

Data Remanence锛氭棤鎰忔畫鐣欍€?/p>

Media Sanitization锛氬鐞嗘畫鐣欑殑杩囩▼銆?/p>

Secure Erase锛氬畨鍏ㄦ摝闄ゆ柟寮忎箣涓€銆?/p>

Destruction锛氱墿鐞嗛攢姣併€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒扳€滃垹闄や簡鈥濅笉瑕佷互涓烘暟鎹病浜嗐€傝€冭瘯寰堢埍闂櫘閫氬垹闄ゃ€佹牸寮忓寲涓轰粈涔堜笉澶熴€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Lifecycle / 鏁版嵁鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡

Data Lifecycle 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滃垱寤哄埌閿€姣佲€濅竴鍙ョ┖璇濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟鎹儚涓€涓寘瑁癸紝浠庡嚭鐢熴€佽创鏍囩銆佸叆搴撱€佸嚭搴撱€佽浆杩愩€佸綊妗ｅ埌閿€姣侊紝姣忎竴姝ラ兘瑕佹湁浜鸿礋璐ｃ€佹寜鍒嗙被淇濇姢銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Lifecycle = 鏁版嵁鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡銆?/p>

瀹冭鐨勬槸鏁版嵁浠庤鍒涘缓鎴栨敹闆嗗紑濮嬶紝涓€鐩村埌鏈€鍚庡垹闄ゆ垨閿€姣佷负姝㈢殑鍏ㄨ繃绋嬨€?/p>

甯歌闃舵鍖呮嫭 create / collect锛堝垱寤?/ 鏀堕泦锛夈€乻tore锛堝瓨鍌級銆乽se锛堜娇鐢級銆乻hare / transmit锛堝叡浜?/ 浼犺緭锛夈€乤rchive锛堝綊妗ｏ級銆乺etain锛堜繚鐣欙級銆乨estroy锛堥攢姣侊級銆?/p>

鏁版嵁淇濇姢涓嶆槸鍙繚鎶ゆ暟鎹簱鍦ㄧ嚎杩愯鐨勬椂鍊欍€?/p>

澶囦唤銆佸鍑烘枃浠躲€侀偖浠堕檮浠躲€佹姤琛ㄣ€佸綊妗ｄ粙璐ㄥ拰閫€褰圭‖鐩樹篃鍦ㄧ敓鍛藉懆鏈熼噷銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Cradle to Grave锛堜粠鎽囩鍒板潫澧擄級锛氫粠鍒涘缓鍒伴攢姣併€?/p>

Identify锛堣瘑鍒級锛氱煡閬撹嚜宸辨湁浠€涔堟暟鎹拰璧勪骇銆?/p>

Classify锛堝垎绫伙級锛氬垽鏂晱鎰熷害鍜屼环鍊笺€?/p>

Label / Mark锛堟爣璁帮級锛氭妸鍒嗙被缁撴灉璐村嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

Owner锛堟墍鏈夎€咃級锛氬畾瑙勫垯銆佸畾鍒嗙被銆?/p>

Custodian锛堜繚绠¤€咃級锛氭寜瑙勫垯鎵ц鎶€鏈繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

Disposition锛堝缃級锛氱敓鍛藉懆鏈熸湯灏剧殑褰掓。銆佸垹闄ゃ€侀攢姣併€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭暟鎹寘瑁逛竴鐢熴€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘涓茶捣鍑虹敓銆佽创鏍囩銆佽繍杈撱€佸叆搴撱€侀攢姣併€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱敓鍛藉懆鏈熷氨鏄浠姐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚浠藉彧鏄瓨鍌ㄥ拰鎭㈠鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬彧淇濇姢鐢熶骇搴撱€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鍑恒€佸浠姐€佸綊妗ｃ€佹祴璇曟暟鎹悓鏍疯淇濇姢銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄暟鎹寘瑁逛竴鐢熲€濄€傛瘡涓樁娈甸兘鑳借惤鍒板叿浣撳姩浣溿€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Lifecycle = 鏁版嵁鍖呰９涓€鐢熴€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭暟鎹嚭鐢熷厛鐧昏鍜屽垎绫伙紝璐存爣绛惧悗鍏ュ簱锛屼娇鐢ㄥ拰浼犺緭鏃舵寜绾у埆淇濇姢锛岃繃鏈熷綊妗ｆ垨閿€姣侊紝鏈€鍚庤繕瑕侀槻姝㈡畫鐣欍€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡绠＄悊瑕佹眰浠庡垱寤哄埌閿€姣佺殑姣忎釜闃舵閮芥寜鏁忔劅搴﹀拰涓氬姟瑕佹眰淇濇姢鏁版嵁銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鐢熸垚涓€寮犲鎴疯鍗曘€?/p>

璁㈠崟鍒氬嚭鐜版椂锛岀郴缁熻鐭ラ亾瀹冨寘鍚鎴峰鍚嶃€佸湴鍧€銆佺數璇濆拰浠樻璁板綍銆?/p>

鎵€浠ュ厛璇嗗埆锛屽啀鍒嗙被銆?/p>

鍒嗙被鍚庤创涓娾€滅鏈夆€濇垨鈥滄晱鎰熲€濇爣绛俱€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鏌ョ湅鏃惰鎸夋潈闄愩€?/p>

璐㈠姟瀵煎嚭鎶ヨ〃鏃惰鎺у埗鍒嗕韩鑼冨洿銆?/p>

澶囦唤鍒颁粙璐ㄦ椂瑕佸姞瀵嗗苟璁板綍銆?/p>

瓒呰繃淇濈暀鏈熼檺鍚庤鍒犻櫎鎴栭攢姣併€?/p>

濡傛灉鏃х‖鐩橀€€褰癸紝杩樿澶勭悊鏁版嵁娈嬬暀銆?/p>

杩欐墠鍙敓鍛藉懆鏈熴€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data lifecycle锛堟暟鎹敓鍛藉懆鏈燂級銆乧radle to grave锛堜粠鍒涘缓鍒伴攢姣侊級锛屽厛鎯冲叏娴佺▼淇濇姢銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂敓鍛藉懆鏈熸棭鏈熷厛鍋氫粈涔堬紝甯哥湅 identify and classify information and assets锛堣瘑鍒拰鍒嗙被淇℃伅涓庤祫浜э級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂垎绫诲畾涔夐€氬父鍐欏湪鍝噷锛岀湅 security policy锛堝畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ワ級鎴?data policy锛堟暟鎹瓥鐣ワ級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鍐冲畾鍒嗙被锛岄€?Data Owner锛堟暟鎹墍鏈夎€咃級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鎵ц澶囦唤銆佸瓨鍌ㄥ拰鎶€鏈帶鍒讹紝閫?Data Custodian锛堟暟鎹繚绠¤€咃級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Lifecycle锛氬叏娴佺▼鍦板浘銆?/p>

Data Retention锛氱暀澶氫箙銆?/p>

Data Remanence锛氶攢姣佸悗鏈夋病鏈夋畫鐣欍€?/p>

Data Classification锛氭寜鏁忔劅搴﹀垎绾с€?/p>

Data Labeling锛氭妸鍒嗙被璐村嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱敓鍛藉懆鏈熶笉鏄竴涓伐鍏凤紝涔熶笉鏄崟绾姞瀵嗐€傚畠鏄粠鏁版嵁鍑虹敓鍒伴€€鍦虹殑绠＄悊璺嚎銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Sovereignty / Data Localization / 鏁版嵁涓绘潈涓庢暟鎹湰鍦板寲

Data Sovereignty 鍜?Data Localization 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滄暟鎹斁鍝噷鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟鎹儚琛屾潕绠憋紝鏀惧湪鍝釜鍥藉銆佺粡杩囧摢涓浗瀹躲€佽皝鑳借繙绋嬫墦寮€锛岄兘浼氱壍鍑轰笉鍚屾硶寰嬶紱鏈湴鍖栨槸娉曞緥瑕佹眰绠卞瓙蹇呴』鐣欏湪鏈湴銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Sovereignty = 鏁版嵁涓绘潈銆?/p>

瀹冮棶鐨勬槸锛氭暟鎹彈鍝釜鍥藉鎴栧湴鍖虹殑娉曞緥銆佺洃绠″拰鍙告硶绠¤緰褰卞搷銆?/p>

Data Localization = 鏁版嵁鏈湴鍖栥€?/p>

瀹冮棶鐨勬槸锛氭硶寰嬫槸鍚﹁姹傛暟鎹繀椤诲湪鏌愪釜鍥藉鎴栧湴鍖哄唴瀛樺偍銆佸鐞嗘垨淇濇寔鍓湰銆?/p>

Data Residency = 鏁版嵁椹荤暀銆?/p>

瀹冨亸鍚戞弿杩版暟鎹疄闄呮斁鍦ㄥ摢閲屻€?/p>

涓夎€呯浉杩戯紝浣嗚€冭瘯浼氱敤缁嗚妭鍖哄垎銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Jurisdiction锛堝徃娉曠杈栵級锛氬摢涓硶寰嬩綋绯昏兘绠¤繖浠芥暟鎹€?/p>

Cross-Border Transfer锛堣法澧冧紶杈擄級锛氭暟鎹粠涓€涓浗瀹舵垨鍦板尯杞埌鍙︿竴涓浗瀹舵垨鍦板尯銆?/p>

Residency锛堥┗鐣欙級锛氭暟鎹疄闄呭瓨鏀句綅缃€?/p>

Localization锛堟湰鍦板寲锛夛細瑕佹眰鏁版嵁鐣欏湪鏈湴銆?/p>

Sovereignty锛堜富鏉冿級锛氭暟鎹彈褰撳湴娉曞緥鍜屾帶鍒舵潈瑕佹眰褰卞搷銆?/p>

Cloud Region锛堜簯鍖哄煙锛夛細浜戝巶鍟嗘彁渚涚殑鏁版嵁涓績鍦板尯閫夋嫨銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭暟鎹鏉庣杩囪竟妫€銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘璁版暟鎹法澧冦€佺杈栥€佺暀澧冭姹傘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭斁缇庡浗浜戝氨鎸夌編鍥芥硶锛屾斁娆ф床浜戝氨鎸夋娲叉硶銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お绠€鍗曪紝杩滅▼璁块棶銆佹暟鎹富浣撱€佸悎鍚屽拰璺ㄥ瑙勫垯涔熶細褰卞搷銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬姞瀵嗗悗娉曞緥涓嶇銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚姞瀵嗘槸瀹夊叏鎺у埗锛屼笉鏄硶寰嬮€氳璇併€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄暟鎹鏉庣杩囪竟妫€鈥濄€傜瀛愬湪鍝€佷粠鍝潵銆佽皝鑳藉紑锛岄兘瑕佺湅瑙勫垯銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Sovereignty / Localization = 鏁版嵁琛屾潕绠辫繃杈规銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭暟鎹鏉庣鍑哄鍓嶏紝鍏堢湅瀹冩潵鑷摢閲屻€佽鏀惧摢閲屻€佽皝鑳借闂€佸綋鍦版硶寰嬪噯涓嶅噯锛涘鏋滄硶寰嬭姹傜暀鍦ㄦ湰鍦帮紝杩欏氨鏄暟鎹湰鍦板寲銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁涓绘潈鍏虫敞娉曞緥绠¤緰锛屾湰鍦板寲鍏虫敞鏁版嵁蹇呴』鐣欏湪鎸囧畾鍦板尯锛岃法澧冧紶杈撹鐢ㄥ悎瑙勬満鍒跺拰鎺у埗鎺柦銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鎶婂鎴锋暟鎹斁鍒颁簯鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

浠栧湪鎺у埗鍙伴€変簡涓€涓究瀹滃湴鍖猴紝瑙夊緱鍙槸鎶€鏈€夋嫨銆?/p>

娉曞姟璇翠笉鏄€?/p>

瀹㈡埛濡傛灉鍦ㄦ鐩燂紝涓汉鏁版嵁鍙兘鍙?GDPR 褰卞搷銆?/p>

鏁版嵁濡傛灉瀛樺埌鍙︿竴涓浗瀹讹紝鍙兘瑙﹀彂璺ㄥ浼犺緭瑕佹眰銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏌愬浗瑕佹眰鐗瑰畾鏁版嵁鐣欏湪澧冨唴锛屽氨涓嶈兘闅忎究鏀惧埌娴峰鍖哄煙銆?/p>

濡傛灉娴峰杩愮淮浜哄憳鑳借繙绋嬭闂紝涔熷彲鑳借瑙嗕负璺ㄥ澶勭悊銆?/p>

鍔犲瘑鑳戒繚鎶ゅ唴瀹癸紝浣嗕笉鑳借嚜鍔ㄨВ鍐虫墍鏈夌杈栭棶棰樸€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data sovereignty锛堟暟鎹富鏉冿級銆乯urisdiction锛堝徃娉曠杈栵級锛屽厛鎯虫硶寰嬬杈栥€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?data localization锛堟暟鎹湰鍦板寲锛夛紝鍏堟兂蹇呴』鐣欏湪鏈浗鎴栨湰鍦板尯銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?data residency锛堟暟鎹┗鐣欙級锛屽厛鎯虫暟鎹疄闄呭瓨鏀句綅缃€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?cross-border transfer锛堣法澧冧紶杈擄級锛屽厛鐪嬫潵婧愬湴銆佺洰鐨勫湴銆佽闂€呭拰浼犺緭鏈哄埗銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂簯鏈嶅姟鍚堣锛屼笉瑕佸彧閫夆€滄崲浜戝尯鍩熲€濄€傝繕瑕佺湅鍚堝悓銆佽闂€佹硶寰嬪拰鏁版嵁绫诲瀷銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Sovereignty锛氳皝鐨勬硶寰嬭兘绠°€?/p>

Localization锛氬繀椤荤暀鍦ㄦ湰鍦般€?/p>

Residency锛氬疄闄呮斁鍦ㄥ摢閲屻€?/p>

GDPR锛氭鐩熶釜浜烘暟鎹鍒欍€?/p>

Encryption锛氫繚鎶ゆ暟鎹唴瀹癸紝浣嗕笉鏄杈栬眮鍏嶃€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫簯鍖哄煙涓嶆槸涓囪兘绛旀銆傛暟鎹湪鍝€佽皝鑳借闂€佸摢涓硶寰嬭窡鐫€鏁版嵁璧帮紝閮借涓€璧风湅銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Intellectual Property = IP锛堢煡璇嗕骇鏉冿級銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶ゅ彂鏄庛€佷綔鍝併€佸搧鐗屾爣璇嗐€佸晢涓氱瀵嗙瓑鑴戝姏鎴愭灉銆?/p>

Proprietary Data = 涓撴湁鏁版嵁銆?/p>

瀹冩槸缁勭粐鑷繁鎷ユ湁銆佹帶鍒躲€佸笇鏈涢檺鍒朵紶鎾殑鏁版嵁銆?/p>

姣斿婧愪唬鐮併€佷骇鍝佽璁°€佹妧鏈矾绾裤€佸唴閮ㄦ祦绋嬨€佸鎴峰悕鍗曘€佸畾浠风瓥鐣ャ€佸晢涓氳鍒掋€?/p>

绔炰簤瀵规墜鎷垮埌杩欎簺璧勬枡锛岀粍缁囧彲鑳界洿鎺ユ崯澶辩珵浜変紭鍔裤€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Intellectual Property锛堢煡璇嗕骇鏉冿級锛氬彂鏄庛€佽〃杈俱€佸搧鐗屻€佺瀵嗙瓑鏉冨埄銆?/p>

Proprietary锛堜笓鏈夌殑锛夛細灞炰簬缁勭粐銆佹湁绔炰簤浠峰€笺€佷笉鎰垮叕寮€銆?/p>

License锛堣鍙級锛氬厑璁稿湪鐗瑰畾鏉′欢涓嬩娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

EULA = End User License Agreement锛堟渶缁堢敤鎴疯鍙崗璁級銆?/p>

DRM = Digital Rights Management锛堟暟瀛楃増鏉冪鐞嗭級銆?/p>

Infringement锛堜镜鏉冿級锛氭湭缁忔巿鏉冧娇鐢ㄥ彈淇濇姢浣滃搧鎴栨爣璇嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬垱鎰忓伐鍧婂洓涓煖瀛愩€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚彂鏄庢煖銆佷綔鍝佹煖銆佹嫑鐗屾煖銆佺瀵嗕繚闄╃锛屾濂芥帴鍥涚被鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬叕鍙哥瀵嗕粨搴撱€?/p>

淇濈暀浣滀笓鏈夋暟鎹敾闈€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫拱浜嗚蒋浠跺氨鎷ユ湁浠ｇ爜銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞€氬父鍙槸鑾峰緱璁稿彲锛屼笉鏄幏寰楃煡璇嗕骇鏉冦€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃垱鎰忓伐鍧婂洓涓煖瀛愨€濄€傚厛闂淇濇姢鐨勫璞℃槸浠€涔堬紝鍐嶉€夋潈鍒╃被鍨嬨€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Intellectual Property = 鍒涙剰宸ュ潑鍥涗釜鏌滃瓙銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬彂鏄庢斁涓撳埄鏌滐紝浣滃搧鏀剧増鏉冩煖锛屽搧鐗屾斁鍟嗘爣鏌滐紝閰嶆柟鍜屽鎴峰悕鍗曟斁鍟嗕笟绉樺瘑淇濋櫓绠憋紱涔板埌鎴愬搧锛屼笉绛変簬鎷ユ湁鏌滃瓙閲岀殑鏉冨埄銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈淇濇姢涓嶅悓绫诲瀷鐨勬棤褰㈣祫浜э紝涓撴湁鏁版嵁瑕佹寜浠峰€煎拰鏁忔劅搴﹂檺鍒惰闂€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃寮€鍙戜簡涓€濂楁帹鑽愮畻娉曘€?/p>

浠ｇ爜鍦ㄤ粨搴撻噷銆?/p>

浜у搧鐣岄潰鏈夊搧鐗?Logo銆?/p>

甯傚満閮ㄦ湁瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟銆?/p>

鐮斿彂閮ㄦ湁鏈叕寮€鐨勬妧鏈柟妗堛€?/p>

杩欎簺涓滆タ涓嶉兘鏄竴涓硶寰嬬被鍒€?/p>

浠ｇ爜鍙兘鍙楃増鏉冧繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

Logo 鍙兘鏄晢鏍囥€?/p>

鏂版妧鏈鏋滅敵璇峰苟鍏紑锛屽彲鑳借蛋涓撳埄銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟鍜屾湭鍏紑鏂规濡傛灉闈犱繚瀵嗙淮鎸佷环鍊硷紝鍙兘鏄晢涓氱瀵嗘垨涓撴湁鏁版嵁銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍥㈤槦瑕佸仛鐨勬槸鍏堝垎娓呭璞★紝鍐嶉€夋帶鍒躲€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?intellectual property锛堢煡璇嗕骇鏉冿級銆両P銆乸roprietary data锛堜笓鏈夋暟鎹級锛屽厛闂繚鎶ゅ璞℃槸浠€涔堛€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?license锛堣鍙級銆丒ULA锛堟渶缁堢敤鎴疯鍙崗璁級锛屽厛鎯充娇鐢ㄦ潈闄愬埗銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DRM锛堟暟瀛楃増鏉冪鐞嗭級锛屽厛鎯充繚鎶ゆ暟瀛椾綔鍝佽闂拰鍒嗗彂銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇寸珵浜夊鎵嬫嬁鍒版簮浠ｇ爜銆佷骇鍝佽矾绾挎垨瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟锛屽厛鎯充笓鏈夋暟鎹拰鍟嗕笟绉樺瘑椋庨櫓銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

IP锛氭硶寰嬫潈鍒╁ぇ绫汇€?/p>

Proprietary Data锛氱粍缁囦笉鎯冲叕寮€鐨勬湁浠峰€兼暟鎹€?/p>

DRM锛氫繚鎶ゆ暟瀛楀唴瀹圭殑鎶€鏈拰绛栫暐銆?/p>

License锛氬厑璁镐娇鐢紝涓嶄竴瀹氳浆璁╂墍鏈夋潈銆?/p>

Trade Secret锛氶潬淇濆瘑缁存寔浠峰€肩殑绉樺瘑銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫笉瑕佹妸鈥滄妧鏈繚鎶ゆ帾鏂解€濆綋鎴愨€滄潈鍒╃被鍨嬧€濄€傚姞瀵嗗拰 DRM 鏄墜娈碉紝鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鏄淇濇姢鐨勮祫浜у拰鏉冨埄銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Patent = 涓撳埄銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶ゅ彂鏄庛€佸伐鑹恒€佹満鍣ㄣ€侀厤鏂圭瓑鎶€鏈柟妗堛€?/p>

鍏稿瀷鐗圭偣鏄叕寮€鎹㈡湁闄愭湡闄愮殑鐙崰鏉冦€?/p>

Copyright = 鐗堟潈銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶ゅ浐瀹氫笅鏉ョ殑鍘熷垱琛ㄨ揪锛屾瘮濡備功銆侀煶涔愩€佺數褰便€佸浘鐗囥€佽绋嬨€佽蒋浠朵唬鐮併€?/p>

瀹冧笉淇濇姢鎶借薄鎯虫硶鏈韩銆?/p>

Trademark = 鍟嗘爣銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶ゅ搧鐗屾潵婧愯瘑鍒紝姣斿鍝佺墝鍚嶃€丩ogo銆佹爣璇€佹湇鍔℃爣蹇椼€?/p>

Trade Secret = 鍟嗕笟绉樺瘑銆?/p>

瀹冧繚鎶ゅ洜涓轰笉琚叕浼楃煡閬撹€屾湁缁忔祹浠峰€肩殑淇℃伅锛屾瘮濡傞厤鏂广€佸鎴峰悕鍗曘€佹湭鍏紑绠楁硶銆佸晢涓氳鍒掋€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Invention锛堝彂鏄庯級锛氫笓鍒╁父瑙佷俊鍙枫€?/p>

Expression锛堣〃杈撅級锛氱増鏉冨父瑙佷俊鍙枫€?/p>

Source Identifier锛堟潵婧愭爣璇嗭級锛氬晢鏍囧父瑙佷俊鍙枫€?/p>

Confidential Business Information锛堜繚瀵嗗晢涓氫俊鎭級锛氬晢涓氱瀵嗗父瑙佷俊鍙枫€?/p>

Registration锛堢櫥璁?/ 娉ㄥ唽锛夛細涓撳埄鍜屽晢鏍囧父娑夊強姝ｅ紡鐢宠鎴栨敞鍐屻€?/p>

Reasonable Efforts锛堝悎鐞嗕繚瀵嗘帾鏂斤級锛氬晢涓氱瀵嗚闈犳帾鏂界淮鎸佷繚瀵嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫竴鏉¤鍥涗釜闂ㄩ潰銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛満鍣ㄥ浘绾搞€佷功鏋躲€佸搧鐗屾嫑鐗屻€佺瀵嗕繚闄╃锛岀敾闈㈠緢绋炽€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫笓鍒╁氨鏄増鏉冦€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚彂鏄庡拰琛ㄨ揪鏄袱鍥炰簨銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬晢涓氱瀵嗗叕寮€鍚庤繕鑳介潬绉樺瘑淇濇姢銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚晢涓氱瀵嗘牳蹇冨氨鏄繚鎸佺瀵嗐€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀竴鏉¤鍥涗釜闂ㄩ潰鈥濄€傜湅棰樺厛鎵惧璞★紝鍐嶈繘瀵瑰簲闂ㄣ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鍥涘厔寮?= 鍙戞槑銆佽〃杈俱€佹嫑鐗屻€佺瀵嗐€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭満鍣ㄥ浘绾歌繘涓撳埄闂紝灏忚鍜屼唬鐮佽繘鐗堟潈闂紝鍝佺墝 Logo 鎸傚晢鏍囬棬锛岄厤鏂瑰拰瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟閿佽繘鍟嗕笟绉樺瘑淇濋櫓绠便€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細涓嶅悓鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈淇濇姢涓嶅悓瀵硅薄锛岄鐩厛闂€滀繚鎶や粈涔堚€濓紝鍐嶉€?patent銆乧opyright銆乼rademark 鎴?trade secret銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃寮€浜嗕竴鏉′骇鍝佽銆?/p>

绗竴闂村簵灞曠ず涓€鍙版柊鏈哄櫒鍜屽伐鑹哄浘绾搞€?/p>

杩欐槸涓撳埄鐨勫湴鐩樸€?/p>

绗簩闂村簵鎽嗙潃璇剧▼璁蹭箟銆佸浼犺棰戝拰杞欢婧愪唬鐮併€?/p>

杩欐槸鐗堟潈鐨勫湴鐩樸€?/p>

绗笁闂村簵闂ㄥ彛鎸傜潃鍝佺墝鍚嶃€丩ogo 鍜屽彛鍙枫€?/p>

杩欐槸鍟嗘爣鐨勫湴鐩樸€?/p>

绗洓闂村簵娌℃湁绐楋紝淇濋櫓绠遍噷鏀惧鎴峰悕鍗曘€侀厤鏂瑰拰鏈叕寮€绠楁硶銆?/p>

杩欐槸鍟嗕笟绉樺瘑鐨勫湴鐩樸€?/p>

鑰冭瘯棰樺彧瑕侀棶娓呮闂ㄩ噷鏀剧殑鏄粈涔堬紝灏变笉浼氫贡閫夈€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?new invention锛堟柊鍙戞槑锛夈€乸rocess锛堝伐鑹猴級銆乵achine锛堟満鍣級銆乼echnical design锛堟妧鏈璁★級锛屽厛鎯?patent锛堜笓鍒╋級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?book锛堜功锛夈€乵usic锛堥煶涔愶級銆乵ovie锛堢數褰憋級銆乸hoto锛堢収鐗囷級銆乻oftware code锛堣蒋浠朵唬鐮侊級锛屽厛鎯?copyright锛堢増鏉冿級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?brand name锛堝搧鐗屽悕锛夈€乴ogo锛堟爣蹇楋級銆乻logan锛堟爣璇級銆乻ource of goods锛堝晢鍝佹潵婧愶級锛屽厛鎯?trademark锛堝晢鏍囷級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?formula锛堥厤鏂癸級銆乧ustomer list锛堝鎴峰悕鍗曪級銆乥usiness plan锛堝晢涓氳鍒掞級銆乲ept secret锛堜繚鎸佺瀵嗭級锛屽厛鎯?trade secret锛堝晢涓氱瀵嗭級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Patent锛氬叕寮€鍙戞槑鎹㈤檺鏈熶繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

Copyright锛氫繚鎶よ〃杈撅紝涓嶄繚鎶ょ偣瀛愭湰韬€?/p>

Trademark锛氫繚鎶ゅ搧鐗岃瘑鍒紝闃叉娑堣垂鑰呮贩娣嗐€?/p>

Trade Secret锛氫笉鍏紑锛岄潬鍚堢悊淇濆瘑鎺柦缁存寔銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氭簮浠ｇ爜甯告槸鐗堟潈锛汱ogo 甯告槸鍟嗘爣锛涗繚瀵嗛厤鏂瑰父鏄晢涓氱瀵嗭紱鍏紑鐢宠鐨勫彂鏄庢墠鏇村儚涓撳埄銆?/p>

閰嶆柟濡傛灉閫夋嫨鐢宠骞跺叕寮€锛屽彲鑳借蛋 patent锛堜笓鍒╋級淇濇姢锛涘鏋滈潬涓嶅叕寮€淇濇寔鍟嗕笟浠峰€硷紝閫氬父鏇村儚 trade secret锛堝晢涓氱瀵嗭級銆傞骞茶鐪嬧€滃叕寮€鐢宠鈥濊繕鏄€滃悎鐞嗕繚瀵嗘帾鏂解€濄€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Privacy by Design = 闅愮璁捐鍏堣銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄瓑绯荤粺涓婄嚎銆佸嚭闂銆佽鎶曡瘔鍚庡啀琛ヤ竴涓殣绉佸０鏄庛€?/p>

瀹冭姹備粠闇€姹傘€佹灦鏋勩€佹暟鎹簱銆佹潈闄愩€佹棩蹇椼€佸叡浜€佷繚鐣欍€佸垹闄よ繖浜涜璁＄幆鑺傚紑濮嬶紝灏辫€冭檻闅愮銆?/p>

Privacy by Default = 榛樿闅愮淇濇姢銆?/p>

瀹冭姹傞粯璁よ缃氨鍋忎繚鎶や釜浜恒€?/p>

鐢ㄦ埛涓嶅仛棰濆閫夋嫨鏃讹紝涔熶笉搴旇琚粯璁ゆ渶澶ф敹闆嗐€侀粯璁ゅ叕寮€銆侀粯璁ら暱鏈熶繚瀛樸€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Data Minimization锛堟暟鎹渶灏忓寲锛夛細鍙敹蹇呰鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Purpose Limitation锛堢洰鐨勯檺鍒讹級锛氬彧鎸夊０鏄庣洰鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ暟鎹€?/p>

Pseudonymization锛堝亣鍚嶅寲锛夛細鐢ㄥ埆鍚嶆浛鎹㈢洿鎺ユ爣璇嗭紝闄嶄綆璇嗗埆椋庨櫓銆?/p>

PIA = Privacy Impact Assessment锛堥殣绉佸奖鍝嶈瘎浼帮級銆?/p>

DPIA = Data Protection Impact Assessment锛堟暟鎹繚鎶ゅ奖鍝嶈瘎浼帮級銆?/p>

Default Settings锛堥粯璁よ缃級锛氱敤鎴蜂笉鏀硅缃椂绯荤粺閲囩敤鐨勭姸鎬併€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱洊鎴垮瓙鏃跺厛瑁呴棬閿佸拰绐楀笜銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借鏄庤璁￠樁娈靛氨鏀捐繘鍘汇€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫笂绾垮悗璐撮殣绉佸叕鍛娿€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄ˉ鏁戯紝涓嶆槸璁捐鍏堣銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶粯璁ゅ叏鍏紑锛岀敤鎴疯嚜宸卞叧銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞粯璁ら殣绉佷繚鎶よ姹傚弽杩囨潵銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆璁″浘涓婂氨鐢诲ソ闂ㄩ攣鍜岀獥甯樷€濄€傚畠鑳借浣忎笉鏄簨鍚庤ˉ涓併€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Privacy by Design = 璁捐鍥句笂鍏堢敾闂ㄩ攣鍜岀獥甯樸€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱郴缁熻繕娌″紑宸ワ紝灏卞厛鍐冲畾鍝簺鏁版嵁涓嶆敹銆佸摢浜涘瓧娈佃鍋囧悕鍖栥€佽皝鑳界湅銆佷繚瀛樺涔呫€佹€庝箞鍒犻櫎锛涢粯璁ょ姸鎬佸氨璁╀釜浜烘暟鎹皯鏆撮湶銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闅愮淇濇姢瑕佸湪绯荤粺鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鏃╂湡鍐呭缓锛屽苟閫氳繃榛樿淇濇姢璁剧疆鍑忓皯涓汉鏁版嵁椋庨櫓銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍑嗗鍋氫竴涓細鍛?App銆?/p>

浜у搧缁忕悊鎯充竴娆℃敹濮撳悕銆佺敓鏃ャ€佽韩浠借瘉鍙枫€佸湴鍧€銆佸畾浣嶃€侀€氳褰曞拰鍋ュ悍鍋忓ソ銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨娌℃湁绛?App 涓婄嚎鍚庡啀琛ユ晳銆?/p>

浠栧湪璁捐闃舵灏遍棶锛氫笅鍗曠湡鐨勯渶瑕佽韩浠借瘉鍙峰悧銆?/p>

鎺ㄨ崘鍟嗗搧鐪熺殑闇€瑕佺簿纭畾浣嶅悧銆?/p>

榛樿璧勬枡椤垫槸涓嶆槸搴旇鍙嚜宸卞彲瑙併€?/p>

鏁版嵁澶氫箙鑷姩鍒犻櫎銆?/p>

楂橀闄╁鐞嗗墠瑕佷笉瑕佸仛 DPIA銆?/p>

鏃ュ織閲岃兘涓嶈兘鍒啓瀹屾暣韬唤璇佸彿銆?/p>

杩欎簺闂鍦ㄨ璁″浘涓婅В鍐筹紝鎵嶆槸 Privacy by Design銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Privacy by Design锛堥殣绉佽璁″厛琛岋級锛屽厛鎯充粠闇€姹傚拰璁捐闃舵宓屽叆闅愮鎺у埗銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Privacy by Default锛堥粯璁ら殣绉佷繚鎶わ級锛屽厛鎯抽粯璁ゅ皯鏀堕泦銆佸皯鍏变韩銆佸皯淇濈暀銆佸皯鍏紑銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂柊绯荤粺澶勭悊涓汉鏁版嵁鐨勬渶浣冲仛娉曪紝浼樺厛鐪?PIA / DPIA銆佹暟鎹渶灏忓寲銆佺洰鐨勯檺鍒躲€佽闂帶鍒跺拰淇濈暀鍒犻櫎銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠笂绾垮悗鍐嶅姞鍏憡銆侀粯璁ゆ敹闆嗕竴鍒囧啀璁╃敤鎴烽€€鍑猴紝閫氬父涓嶆槸鏈€浣崇瓟妗堛€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Privacy by Design锛氳璁￠樁娈靛氨鑰冭檻闅愮銆?/p>

Privacy by Default锛氶粯璁よ缃氨淇濇姢闅愮銆?/p>

Security by Design锛氳璁￠樁娈佃€冭檻瀹夊叏锛屼笉鍙殣绉併€?/p>

Encryption锛氬姞瀵嗘槸鎺у埗涔嬩竴锛屼笉绛変簬瀹屾暣闅愮璁捐銆?/p>

Consent Banner锛堝悓鎰忔í骞咃級锛氬彲鑳芥槸鍛婄煡鏈哄埗锛屼笉绛変簬鏁翠釜闅愮璁捐銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氶殣绉佷笉鏄〉闈㈠簳閮ㄦ斁涓€涓斂绛栭摼鎺ャ€傜湡姝ｇ殑闅愮璁捐浼氬奖鍝嶆暟鎹ā鍨嬨€佹潈闄愩€侀粯璁よ缃€佹棩蹇椼€佷繚鐣欏拰鍒犻櫎娴佺▼銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Classification Levels / 鏁版嵁鍒嗙被绾у埆

Data Classification Levels 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滅粰鏁版嵁鍙栧嚑涓悕瀛椻€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬垎绫荤骇鍒槸鍦ㄩ棶杩欎唤鏁版嵁娉勯湶銆佽鏀广€佷涪澶变互鍚庝細鏈夊涓ラ噸锛岀劧鍚庣敤绾у埆鍐冲畾璇ヤ笂鍑犳妸閿併€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Classification = 鏁版嵁鍒嗙被銆?/p>

Classification Levels = 鍒嗙被绾у埆銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄姞瀵嗭紝涔熶笉鏄?DLP銆?/p>

瀹冩槸鍏堝垽鏂暟鎹湁澶氶噸瑕併€佸鏁忔劅銆佹硠闇插悗澶氱棝銆?/p>

绾у埆瓒婇珮锛岃闂€佸瓨鍌ㄣ€佷紶杈撱€佹墦鍗般€佸甯︺€侀攢姣佽姹傝秺涓ユ牸銆?/p>

鏀垮簻甯歌 Top Secret锛堢粷瀵嗭級銆丼ecret锛堢瀵嗭級銆丆onfidential锛堟満瀵嗭級銆乁nclassified锛堟湭鍒嗙被锛夈€?/p>

鍟嗕笟缁勭粐鍙兘鐢?Restricted锛堝彈闄愶級銆丆onfidential锛堟満瀵嗭級銆両nternal锛堝唴閮級銆丳ublic锛堝叕寮€锛夈€?/p>

鍚嶇О涓嶄竴瀹氱粺涓€锛屼絾閫昏緫涓€鏍凤細鎹熷瓒婂ぇ锛岀骇鍒秺楂樸€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Sensitivity锛堟晱鎰熸€э級锛氭暟鎹鐪嬭浼氫笉浼氫激浜恒€佷激缁勭粐銆佽繚娉曘€?/p>

Criticality锛堝叧閿€э級锛氫笟鍔℃槸涓嶆槸绂讳笉寮€杩欎唤鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Disclosure Impact锛堟姭闇插奖鍝嶏級锛氭暟鎹硠闇插悗鏈夊涓ラ噸銆?/p>

Top Secret锛堢粷瀵嗭級锛氭湭缁忔巿鏉冩姭闇插彲鑳介€犳垚 exceptionally grave damage锛堝紓甯镐弗閲嶆崯瀹筹級銆?/p>

Secret锛堢瀵嗭級锛氬彲鑳介€犳垚 serious damage锛堜弗閲嶆崯瀹筹級銆?/p>

Confidential锛堟満瀵嗭級锛氬彲鑳介€犳垚 damage锛堟崯瀹筹級銆?/p>

Public锛堝叕寮€锛夛細鍙互鍏紑锛屼絾浠嶈淇濇姢瀹屾暣鎬э紝涓嶈兘璁╀汉涔辨敼銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭枃浠舵煖棰滆壊銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜豢鑹插叕寮€銆佽摑鑹插唴閮ㄣ€侀粍鑹叉満瀵嗐€佺孩鑹插彈闄愶紝棰滆壊瓒婄孩閿佽秺澶氥€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬垎绫诲氨鏄姞瀵嗐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚垎绫绘槸鍏堝畾绾э紝鍔犲瘑鏄彲鑳介噰鐢ㄧ殑淇濇姢鎵嬫銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歅II 灏辨槸鍒嗙被绾у埆銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侾II 鏄暟鎹被鍨嬶紝缁勭粐鍙兘鎶婂畠鍒嗙被涓?Private銆丆onfidential 鎴栧叾浠栫骇鍒€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄枃浠舵煖棰滆壊鈥濄€傞鑹插憡璇変綘鎹熷绾у埆锛岄攣鐨勬暟閲忎唬琛ㄤ繚鎶ゅ己搴︺€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Classification Levels = 鏂囦欢鏌滈鑹茶秺绾紝閿佽秺澶氥€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬厛鐪嬭祫鏂欐硠闇蹭細閫犳垚澶氬ぇ鎹熷锛屽啀鎶婂畠鏀捐繘瀵瑰簲棰滆壊鐨勬煖瀛愶紝棰滆壊鍐冲畾璋佽兘鐪嬨€佹€庝箞瀛樸€佹€庝箞浼犮€佹€庝箞閿€姣併€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁鍒嗙被鐢ㄧ骇鍒〃杈炬晱鎰熸€у拰浠峰€硷紝骞堕┍鍔ㄥ悗缁繚鎶よ姹傘€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈夊洓浠借祫鏂欍€?/p>

瀹樼綉瀹ｄ紶椤靛彲浠ュ叕寮€銆?/p>

鍛樺伐閫氳褰曞彧缁欏唴閮ㄧ敤銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛韬唤璇佸彿鍜岃鍗曡褰曞睘浜庢晱鎰熻祫鏂欍€?/p>

鏈彂甯冪殑鏂颁骇鍝侀厤鏂瑰鏋滆绔炰簤瀵规墜鎷垮埌锛屽叕鍙镐細鎹熷け寰堝ぇ銆?/p>

杩欏洓浠借祫鏂欎笉鑳芥斁鍦ㄥ悓涓€涓煖瀛愰噷銆?/p>

鍏堝垎绾э紝鍐嶅喅瀹氳闂潈闄愩€佸姞瀵嗐€佹墦鍗般€佸鍙戝鎵瑰拰閿€姣佹柟寮忋€?/p>

濡傛灉涓€寮€濮嬩笉鍒嗙被锛屽悗闈㈡墍鏈変繚鎶ら兘浼氬彉鎴愮寽銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data sensitivity level锛堟暟鎹晱鎰熺骇鍒級銆乧lassification level锛堝垎绫荤骇鍒級銆乨isclosure impact锛堟姭闇插奖鍝嶏級锛屽厛鎯虫暟鎹垎绫荤骇鍒€?/p>

棰樼洰闂紑鍙戝垎绫荤▼搴?first锛堢涓€姝ワ級鍋氫粈涔堬紝鍏堢悊瑙ｇ粍缁囬渶瑕佸摢浜?protection levels锛堜繚鎶ょ骇鍒級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鍐冲畾鍒嗙被锛岄€?Data Owner锛堟暟鎹墍鏈夎€咃級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂垎绫绘湁浠€涔堢敤锛岀湅鍐冲畾閫傚綋淇濇姢寮哄害銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?classification 涓嶈兘甯姪浠€涔堬紝娉ㄦ剰瀹冧笉鑳藉府浣犱粠鏁版嵁搴撻噷鎻愬彇鏁版嵁銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Classification锛氬畾绾с€?/p>

Marking / Labeling锛氭妸绾у埆璐村嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

Handling锛氭寜绾у埆鎵ц澶勭悊瑕佹眰銆?/p>

Encryption锛氬姞瀵嗭紝鏄繚鎶ゆ墜娈点€?/p>

DLP锛氳瘑鍒拰鎺у埗鏁版嵁澶栧彂锛屾槸鎺у埗鏂规銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬垎绫讳笉鏄繚鎶ゅ姩浣滄湰韬€傚畠鏄繚鎶ゅ姩浣滅殑鍓嶇疆鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Marking = 鏍囪銆?/p>

Labeling = 鏍囩銆?/p>

瀹冧滑璁╀汉鍜岀郴缁熺煡閬撴暟鎹睘浜庝粈涔堢骇鍒€?/p>

鍙互鏄枃浠堕〉鐪夈€侀〉鑴氥€佹按鍗般€佸皝闈㈡爣绛俱€佷粙璐ㄨ创绾搞€佸厓鏁版嵁鏍囩銆佹闈㈣儗鏅彁閱掋€?/p>

Handling = 澶勭悊銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄创绾搞€?/p>

瀹冩槸鎸夋爣绛炬墽琛屽姩浣滐細鎬庝箞瀛樸€佹€庝箞浼犮€佽兘涓嶈兘鎵撳嵃銆佽兘涓嶈兘甯﹀嚭銆佽兘涓嶈兘閭欢澶栧彂銆佸埌鏈熸€庝箞閿€姣併€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Marking锛堟爣璁帮級锛氬湪鏁版嵁鎴栦粙璐ㄤ笂鏄剧ず鍒嗙被銆?/p>

Labeling锛堟爣绛撅級锛氳创鍑哄垎绫绘爣绛俱€?/p>

Metadata Tag锛堝厓鏁版嵁鏍囩锛夛細璁╃郴缁熷拰 DLP 璇嗗埆鏁版嵁绾у埆銆?/p>

Handling Procedure锛堝鐞嗙▼搴忥級锛氬憡璇変汉鎬庝箞瀛樸€佷紶銆佺敤銆侀攢姣併€?/p>

Downgrade锛堥檷绾э級锛氭妸楂樺垎绫讳粙璐ㄩ檷鍒颁綆鍒嗙被鍓嶏紝蹇呴』鍏堟竻闄ゅ彲鐢ㄦ暟鎹€?/p>

Error of Omission锛堥仐婕忛敊璇級锛氭晱鎰熻祫鏂欐紡璐存爣绛撅紝琚褰撲綆绾ц祫鏂欏鐞嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭槗纰庢爣绛惧拰鎼繍瑙勫垯銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜瀛愪笂璐粹€滄槗纰庘€濇槸 Marking锛屾惉杩愭椂杞绘嬁杞绘斁鏄?Handling銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳创鏍囩灏卞畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛爣绛惧彧鏄彁閱掞紝鐪熸瀹夊叏鏉ヨ嚜鍚庣画澶勭悊鎺у埗銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭挄鎺夋爣绛惧氨闄嶇骇銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞檷绾у墠瑕佹竻闄ゆ暟鎹€佸鎵瑰拰鏇挎崲鏍囩銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄槗纰庢爣绛惧拰鎼繍瑙勫垯鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鏍囪鍜屽鐞嗗垎寮€銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Marking / Handling = 璐存槗纰庢爣绛撅紝鎸夋槗纰庢柟寮忔惉銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭爣绛惧憡璇変綘绠卞瓙鏄粈涔堢骇鍒紝澶勭悊瑙勫垯鍛婅瘔浣犺兘涓嶈兘澶栧甫銆佽兘涓嶈兘閭欢鍙戙€佽涓嶈鍔犲瘑銆佹渶鍚庢€庝箞閿€姣併€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏍囪璁╁垎绫诲彲瑙侊紝澶勭悊瑙勫垯鎶婂垎绫诲彉鎴愬疄闄呮搷浣溿€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変竴鐩樺浠界甯︼紝閲岄潰鏄鎴疯韩浠借瘉鍙枫€?/p>

濡傛灉纾佸甫娌℃湁鏍囩锛屽憳宸ュ彲鑳芥妸瀹冨綋鏅€氱┖纾佸甫瀵勫嚭鍘汇€?/p>

鎵€浠ョ甯﹁璐翠笂鏁忔劅绾у埆銆?/p>

鏂囦欢涔熷彲鑳藉湪椤电湁鍐?Confidential锛堟満瀵嗭級锛屾垨鑰呯敤鍏冩暟鎹爣绛捐 DLP 璇嗗埆銆?/p>

鍛樺伐鐪嬪埌鏍囩鍚庯紝鐭ラ亾涓嶈兘闅忎究杞彂锛屼紶杈撹鍔犲瘑锛屾墦鍗拌瀹℃壒锛岄攢姣佽鎸夋祦绋嬨€?/p>

濡傛灉鎯虫妸楂樺垎绫荤甯﹂檷绾э紝涓嶆槸鎾曟帀鏍囩銆?/p>

蹇呴』鍏堟妸閲岄潰鐨勬暟鎹竻闄ゅ共鍑€锛屽啀鎸夋壒鍑嗙▼搴忔崲鏍囩銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂浣曢伩鍏?media or information mishandling锛堜粙璐ㄦ垨淇℃伅璇鐞嗭級锛岄€?labeling / marking锛堟爣绛?/ 鏍囪锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰闂浣曡鐢ㄦ埛鐭ラ亾鏁版嵁绾у埆锛岄€?marking / labeling銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂笉鍚岀骇鍒暟鎹€庝箞瀛樸€佷紶銆佸嵃銆侀攢姣侊紝閫?handling procedures锛堝鐞嗙▼搴忥級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DLP adds metadata tags锛圖LP 娣诲姞鍏冩暟鎹爣绛撅級锛岀湅甯姪绯荤粺璇嗗埆鍜屽鐞嗗垎绫绘暟鎹€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?downgrade media锛堜粙璐ㄩ檷绾э級锛屽厛鎯冲彲淇℃竻闄ゅ拰鎵瑰噯娴佺▼銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Classification锛氬喅瀹氱骇鍒€?/p>

Marking / Labeling锛氭樉绀虹骇鍒€?/p>

Handling锛氭墽琛岀骇鍒搴斿姩浣溿€?/p>

DLP锛氬彲璇诲彇鏍囩骞惰嚜鍔ㄦ墽琛岀瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

Sanitization锛氭竻闄や粙璐ㄦ暟鎹€?/p>

Declassification锛堣В闄ゅ瘑绾?/ 鍘诲瘑绾э級鏀瑰彉鐨勬槸鍒嗙被鎴栧瘑绾х姸鎬侊紱Decryption锛堣В瀵嗭級鏀瑰彉鐨勬槸瀵嗘枃鍒版槑鏂囩殑瀵嗙爜瀛︾姸鎬併€備袱鑰呬笉鏄竴浠朵簨銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氭爣璁颁笉鏄负浜嗗ソ鐪嬨€傚畠鏄槻姝汉鍜岀郴缁熸妸鏁忔劅璧勬枡褰撴櫘閫氳祫鏂欏鐞嗐€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Owner = 鏁版嵁鎵€鏈夎€呫€?/p>

瀹冮€氬父鏄笟鍔¤礋璐ｄ汉銆?/p>

瀹冨喅瀹氭暟鎹垎绫汇€佽闂姹傘€佷繚鎶よ姹傚拰璋佹湁璧勬牸浣跨敤銆?/p>

Data Controller = 鏁版嵁鎺у埗鑰呫€?/p>

瀹冨嚭鐜板湪闅愮鍜屼釜浜烘暟鎹澧冮噷銆?/p>

瀹冨喅瀹氫负浠€涔堝鐞嗕釜浜烘暟鎹紝浠ュ強鎬庝箞澶勭悊涓汉鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Data Processor = 鏁版嵁澶勭悊鑰呫€?/p>

瀹冩寜 Controller 鐨勬寚绀哄鐞嗕釜浜烘暟鎹€?/p>

瀹冧笉璇ヨ嚜宸卞喅瀹氬鐞嗙洰鐨勩€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Owner锛堟墍鏈夎€咃級锛氫笟鍔¤矗浠讳汉锛屽畾瑙勫垯銆?/p>

Controller锛堟帶鍒惰€咃級锛氬喅瀹?purpose and means锛堢洰鐨勫拰鏂瑰紡锛夈€?/p>

Processor锛堝鐞嗚€咃級锛歰n behalf of controller锛堜唬琛ㄦ帶鍒惰€咃級澶勭悊銆?/p>

Purpose锛堢洰鐨勶級锛氫负浠€涔堟敹闆嗗拰浣跨敤鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Means锛堟柟寮忥級锛氭€庝箞澶勭悊銆佺敤浠€涔堢郴缁熴€佹€庝箞淇濆瓨鍜屽叡浜€?/p>

Classification Assignment锛堝垎绫诲垎閰嶏級锛歄wner 鍏堝喅瀹氭暟鎹骇鍒€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳€佹澘銆佷笅鍗曚汉銆佹墦鍗板簵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆侽wner 鍍忚处鏈€佹澘锛孋ontroller 鍍忓喅瀹氬悕鍗曠敤閫旂殑浜猴紝Processor 鍍忓彧鎸夊崟鎵撳嵃鐨勫鍖呭簵銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳皝瀛樻暟鎹皝灏辨槸 Owner銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆備繚瀛樻暟鎹殑浜哄彲鑳藉彧鏄墭绠℃垨澶勭悊銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歅rocessor 鍙互闅忎究鎹㈢敤閫斻€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侾rocessor 瑕佹寜 Controller 鎸囩ず澶勭悊銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滆€佹澘銆佷笅鍗曚汉銆佹墦鍗板簵鈥濄€傚皬鐧借兘涓€鐪肩湅鍑鸿皝鎷嶆澘銆佽皝鎵ц銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Owner / Controller / Processor = 鑰佹澘瀹氳处鏈紝鎺у埗鑰呭畾鐢ㄩ€旓紝澶勭悊鑰呮寜鍗曞共娲汇€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歄wner 鍐冲畾杩欎唤鏁版嵁鏈夊鏁忔劅銆佽皝鑳借闂紱Controller 鍐冲畾涓汉鏁版嵁涓轰粈涔堝鐞嗐€佹€庝箞澶勭悊锛汸rocessor 鍙寜 Controller 鐨勮姹傚鐞嗐€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細涓嶅悓瑙掕壊鐨勬牳蹇冨樊鍒湪浜庤皝鏈夊喅绛栨潈锛岃皝鍙槸鎵ц澶勭悊銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈夊鎴疯祫鏂欍€?/p>

閿€鍞€荤洃鏄繖浠藉鎴疯祫鏂欑殑涓氬姟璐熻矗浜恒€?/p>

浠栨渶鎳傚鎴锋暟鎹鍏徃鏈夊閲嶈锛屾墍浠ヤ粬鍐冲畾鍒嗙被鍜岃闂姹傘€?/p>

鍏徃瑕佹妸瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟浜ょ粰澶栧寘鐭俊骞冲彴鍙戦€氱煡銆?/p>

鍏徃鍐冲畾涓轰粈涔堝彂銆佸彂缁欒皝銆佷繚鐣欏涔咃紝杩欐椂鍏徃鏄?Controller銆?/p>

鐭俊骞冲彴鍙寜鍚堝悓鍙戦€侊紝涓嶈鎶婂悕鍗曟嬁鍘诲仛鑷繁鐨勫箍鍛婏紝杩欐椂鐭俊骞冲彴鏄?Processor銆?/p>

濡傛灉鐭俊骞冲彴鑷繁鍐冲畾鎶婂悕鍗曞崠缁欏埆浜猴紝瀹冨氨瓒婄晫浜嗐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂皝鍐冲畾 data classification锛堟暟鎹垎绫伙級銆乤ccess requirements锛堣闂姹傦級銆乸rotection requirements锛堜繚鎶よ姹傦級锛岄€?Data Owner銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?privacy / personal data锛堥殣绉?/ 涓汉鏁版嵁锛夐噷璋佸喅瀹?purpose and means锛堢洰鐨勫拰鏂瑰紡锛夛紝閫?Data Controller銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝 on behalf of controller锛堜唬琛ㄦ帶鍒惰€咃級澶勭悊鏁版嵁锛岄€?Data Processor銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?owner 鍜?custodian 鍖哄埆锛孫wner 鍏堝喅瀹氬垎绫伙紝Custodian 鍚庢墽琛屼繚鎶ゆ柟妗堛€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Owner锛氭暟鎹不鐞嗛噷鐨勪笟鍔¤矗浠讳汉銆?/p>

Data Controller锛氶殣绉佹硶瑙勯噷鐨勪釜浜烘暟鎹鐞嗗喅绛栬€呫€?/p>

Data Processor锛氭寜鎸囦护澶勭悊涓汉鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Data Custodian锛氭妧鏈墽琛屼繚鎶ょ殑浜恒€?/p>

Security Administrator锛氬湪绯荤粺閲岄厤缃潈闄愮殑浜恒€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬鍖呭晢鎴栦簯鏈嶅姟鍟嗏€滄嬁鐫€鏁版嵁鈥濓紝涓嶄唬琛ㄥ畠鎷ユ湁鏁版嵁鎴栧喅瀹氱敤閫斻€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Steward / Custodian / User / 鏁版嵁绠″銆佷繚绠¤€呬笌鐢ㄦ埛

Data Steward銆丆ustodian銆乁ser 杩欏紶鍗¤鍜?Owner 鍒嗗紑銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歄wner 瀹氳鍒欙紝Steward 绠℃暟鎹川閲忓拰鍙ｅ緞锛孋ustodian 鍋氭妧鏈繚绠★紝User 鎸夋巿鏉冧娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Steward = 鏁版嵁绠″銆?/p>

瀹冨父璐熻矗鏁版嵁瀹氫箟銆佹暟鎹川閲忋€佸厓鏁版嵁銆佸垎绫绘墽琛屽拰娌荤悊瑙勫垯钀藉湴銆?/p>

Data Custodian = 鏁版嵁淇濈鑰呫€?/p>

瀹冭礋璐ｆ妧鏈墽琛岋紝姣斿澶囦唤銆佹仮澶嶃€佸瓨鍌ㄣ€佹潈闄愰厤缃€佸姞瀵嗐€佹棩蹇椼€侀攢姣併€?/p>

Data User = 鏁版嵁鐢ㄦ埛銆?/p>

瀹冩寜鎺堟潈浣跨敤鏁版嵁瀹屾垚宸ヤ綔锛屽苟閬靛畧鍒嗙被鍜屽鐞嗚鍒欍€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Data Quality锛堟暟鎹川閲忥級锛氭暟鎹噯涓嶅噯銆佸叏涓嶅叏銆佷竴涓嶄竴鑷淬€?/p>

Metadata锛堝厓鏁版嵁锛夛細鎻忚堪鏁版嵁鐨勬暟鎹紝姣斿瀛楁鍚箟銆佹潵婧愩€佸垎绫汇€?/p>

Backup锛堝浠斤級锛欳ustodian 甯告墽琛屻€?/p>

Access Implementation锛堟潈闄愬疄鏂斤級锛氭妸 Owner 鐨勮闂姹傞厤缃埌绯荤粺閲屻€?/p>

Due Care锛堝簲灏芥敞鎰忥級锛歎ser 浣跨敤鏁版嵁鏃惰鎸夎鍒欏皬蹇冨鐞嗐€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬浘涔﹂鍥涗釜浜恒€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傞闀垮畾瑙勭煩锛岀瀹剁鐩綍锛屼繚瀹夌搴撴埧锛岃鑰呮寜璇佸€熶功銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欳ustodian 鏄渶缁堣礋璐ｄ汉銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侰ustodian 鎵ц淇濇姢锛屼笉鍐冲畾涓氬姟鍒嗙被銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歎ser 鑳芥寜鑷繁鏂逛究澶勭悊鏁版嵁銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆俇ser 蹇呴』鎸夋巿鏉冦€佹斂绛栧拰鍒嗙被瑙勫垯浣跨敤銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃浘涔﹂鍥涗釜浜衡€濄€傝繖涓€鐢婚潰鑳芥妸瑙掕壊鎷嗗紑銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Steward / Custodian / User = 绠＄洰褰曘€佺搴撴埧銆佹寜璇佸€熶功銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歋teward 淇濊瘉鐩綍鍜屾暟鎹川閲忓锛孋ustodian 璐熻矗閿侀棬銆佸浠姐€佹潈闄愬拰鎭㈠锛孶ser 鍙兘鍑巿鏉冨€熼槄鍜屼娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁瑙掕壊鎸夊喅绛栥€佹不鐞嗐€佹妧鏈墽琛屽拰浣跨敤鑱岃矗鍒嗗紑銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鏈変竴濂楀鎴锋暟鎹簱銆?/p>

閿€鍞礋璐ｄ汉鍐冲畾瀹㈡埛鏁版嵁搴旇鍒嗕负鏈哄瘑绾э紝杩欐槸 Owner 鐨勪簨銆?/p>

鏁版嵁绠″妫€鏌ュ瓧娈靛惈涔夛紝缁熶竴鈥滃鎴风紪鍙封€濆拰鈥滀細鍛樺彿鈥濈殑鍙ｅ緞锛屼繚璇佹暟鎹川閲忓拰鏍囩姝ｇ‘銆?/p>

IT 淇濈鑰呴厤缃暟鎹簱鏉冮檺銆佸浠姐€佹仮澶嶃€佸姞瀵嗗拰鏃ュ織銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇浜哄憳鍙寜鎺堟潈鏌ョ湅璁㈠崟鐘舵€侊紝涓嶈兘闅忎究瀵煎嚭鍏ㄩ噺瀹㈡埛琛ㄣ€?/p>

杩欏洓绫讳汉濡傛灉娣峰湪涓€璧凤紝棰樼洰灏变細閫夐敊銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰闂皝缁存姢 data definitions锛堟暟鎹畾涔夛級銆乵etadata锛堝厓鏁版嵁锛夈€乨ata quality锛堟暟鎹川閲忥級锛岄€?Data Steward銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝璐熻矗 backup锛堝浠斤級銆乺ecovery锛堟仮澶嶏級銆乻torage锛堝瓨鍌級銆乸ermission implementation锛堟潈闄愬疄鏂斤級锛岄€?Data Custodian銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂皝鎸夋巿鏉冭闂暟鎹苟閬靛畧瑙勫垯锛岄€?Data User銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Custodian 鐨勫叧閿亴璐ｏ紝鐪?data integrity and security锛堟暟鎹畬鏁存€у拰瀹夊叏鎬э級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Owner锛氬畾鍒嗙被鍜岃闂姹傘€?/p>

Steward锛氱鏁版嵁璐ㄩ噺銆佸畾涔夊拰娌荤悊钀藉湴銆?/p>

Custodian锛氭墽琛屾妧鏈繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

User锛氭寜鎺堟潈浣跨敤銆?/p>

Administrator锛氶厤缃郴缁熸潈闄愶紝甯稿拰 Custodian/IT 鎵ц鐩稿叧銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欳ustodian 鍋氬緢澶氭妧鏈椿锛屼絾涓嶄唬琛ㄥ畠鎷ユ湁鏁版嵁鎴栧喅瀹氬垎绫汇€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data at Rest = 闈欐鏁版嵁銆?/p>

瀹冭汉鍦ㄧ‖鐩樸€佹暟鎹簱銆丼SD銆乁SB銆丼AN銆佸浠界甯﹂噷銆?/p>

Data in Transit = 浼犺緭涓暟鎹€?/p>

瀹冩鍦ㄧ綉缁滀笂璺戯紝姣斿 API銆侀偖浠躲€佹棤绾跨綉缁溿€乂PN銆佷簰鑱旂綉浼犺緭銆?/p>

Data in Use = 浣跨敤涓暟鎹€?/p>

瀹冩鍦ㄥ唴瀛樸€丆PU銆佸簲鐢ㄣ€佷复鏃剁紦鍐插尯鎴栧睆骞曚笂琚鐞嗐€?/p>

涓夌鐘舵€侀兘瑕佷繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

涓嶈兘鍙繚鎶ょ‖鐩橈紝蹇樹簡缃戠粶鍜屽唴瀛樸€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

At Rest锛堥潤姝級锛歞ata on storage锛堝瓨鍌ㄤ笂鐨勬暟鎹級銆?/p>

In Transit锛堜紶杈撲腑锛夛細data in motion锛堢Щ鍔ㄤ腑鐨勬暟鎹級銆?/p>

In Use锛堜娇鐢ㄤ腑锛夛細data being processed锛堟鍦ㄨ澶勭悊鐨勬暟鎹級銆?/p>

TLS锛堜紶杈撳眰瀹夊叏锛夛細甯哥敤浜庝繚鎶や紶杈撲腑鏁版嵁銆?/p>

VPN锛堣櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉缁滐級锛氬父鐢ㄤ簬淇濇姢缃戠粶浼犺緭銆?/p>

Homomorphic Encryption锛堝悓鎬佸姞瀵嗭級锛氬厑璁稿湪鍔犲瘑鏁版嵁涓婅绠楋紝甯歌鎻愬埌鐢ㄤ簬浣跨敤涓暟鎹繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

Flush Buffers锛堟竻绌虹紦鍐插尯锛夛細鏁版嵁涓嶇敤鍚庢竻鐞嗗唴瀛樻畫鐣欍€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭按鏉笁鐘舵€併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛斁妗屼笂銆佺璺笂銆佹鍦ㄥ枬锛岃兘璁颁笁绉嶇姸鎬併€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬彧瑕佸姞瀵嗗氨閮戒竴鏍枫€?/p>

娣樻卑銆備笉鍚岀姸鎬佺敤鐨勪繚鎶ゆ柟寮忎笉鍚屻€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欼n Use 涔熷彧鏄‖鐩樺姞瀵嗐€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侷n Use 閲嶇偣鍦ㄥ唴瀛樺拰澶勭悊杩囩▼銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄按鏉笁鐘舵€佲€濄€傜湅鏁版嵁鐜板湪鍦ㄥ摢锛屽氨鐭ラ亾鏄摢绉嶇姸鎬併€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data States = 韬虹潃銆佽矾涓娿€佹鍦ㄧ敤銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭暟鎹汉鍦ㄧ鐩樹笂鏄?At Rest锛岃窇鍦ㄧ綉缁滀笂鏄?In Transit锛岃繘浜嗗唴瀛樿搴旂敤澶勭悊鏄?In Use銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁鐘舵€佸喅瀹氫繚鎶ら噸鐐癸紝瀛樺偍銆佷紶杈撳拰澶勭悊杩囩▼閮戒笉鑳芥紡銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏈変竴浠藉鎴疯〃銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛琛ㄥ瓨鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱纾佺洏閲岋紝杩欐槸 At Rest銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇閫氳繃缃戦〉鎵撳紑瀹㈡埛琛紝鏁版嵁浠庢湇鍔″櫒浼犲埌娴忚鍣紝杩欐槸 In Transit銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ拰鍚庡彴绋嬪簭鎶婂鎴疯〃瑙ｅ瘑鍚庢斁鍒板唴瀛橀噷澶勭悊锛岃繖鏄?In Use銆?/p>

纾佺洏鍔犲瘑鑳戒繚鎶ょ涓€娈点€?/p>

TLS 鑳戒繚鎶よ矾涓婇偅涓€娈点€?/p>

浣嗕竴鏃︽暟鎹湪鍐呭瓨閲岃搴旂敤浣跨敤锛屽氨瑕侀潬鏉冮檺銆侀殧绂汇€佹竻绌虹紦鍐插尯銆佹棩蹇楀拰鏇撮珮绾ф妧鏈繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?hard drive锛堢‖鐩橈級銆丼SD銆乁SB銆乥ackup tape锛堝浠界甯︼級銆乨atabase storage锛堟暟鎹簱瀛樺偍锛夛紝鍏堟兂 At Rest銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?network transmission锛堢綉缁滀紶杈擄級銆亀ireless锛堟棤绾匡級銆両nternet锛堜簰鑱旂綉锛夈€乀LS銆乂PN锛屽厛鎯?In Transit銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?memory锛堝唴瀛橈級銆乼emporary buffers锛堜复鏃剁紦鍐插尯锛夈€乤pplication processing锛堝簲鐢ㄥ鐞嗭級锛屽厛鎯?In Use銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?At Rest 鎬庝箞淇濇姢锛屽父鐪?strong symmetric encryption锛堝己瀵圭О鍔犲瘑锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?In Transit 鎬庝箞淇濇姢锛屽父鐪?TLS銆乂PN銆佸绉板拰闈炲绉板姞瀵嗙粍鍚堛€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

At Rest锛氬瓨鍦ㄤ粙璐ㄤ笂銆?/p>

In Transit锛氬湪缃戠粶涓婁紶銆?/p>

In Use锛氭鍦ㄥ鐞嗐€?/p>

Data Lifecycle锛氫粠鍒涘缓鍒伴攢姣佺殑鍏ㄦ祦绋嬨€?/p>

Data Classification锛氬喅瀹氭暟鎹湁澶氭晱鎰熴€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒?encryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級涓嶈鎬ョ潃閫夈€傚厛鐪嬫暟鎹湪浠€涔堢姸鎬併€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Data Minimization / 鏁版嵁鏈€灏忓寲

Data Minimization 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽浼氭垚鈥滄妸鏂囦欢鍘嬪皬鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭暟鎹渶灏忓寲灏辨槸鍙嬁蹇呴』鎷跨殑锛屽彧鐢ㄥ繀椤荤敤鐨勶紝鍙暀蹇呴』鐣欑殑銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Data Minimization = 鏁版嵁鏈€灏忓寲銆?/p>

瀹冧笉鏄帇缂╂枃浠跺ぇ灏忋€?/p>

瀹冩槸闅愮鍜屾暟鎹繚鎶ゅ師鍒欍€?/p>

绯荤粺鍙簲璇ユ敹闆嗗畬鎴愭槑纭洰鐨勬墍蹇呴渶鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>

鐢ㄥ畬涓嶈闀挎湡涔辩暀銆?/p>

涓嶈涓轰簡鈥滀互鍚庝篃璁告湁鐢ㄢ€濆氨鎶婅韩浠借瘉銆佸畾浣嶃€侀€氳褰曘€佺敓鏃ャ€佸仴搴峰亸濂介兘鏀惰蛋銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Need Only锛堝彧闇€瑕佺殑锛夛細鍙嬁浠诲姟蹇呴』鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>

Purpose Limitation锛堢洰鐨勯檺鍒讹級锛氬彧鎸夋槑纭洰鐨勫鐞嗐€?/p>

Retention Minimization锛堜繚鐣欐渶灏忓寲锛夛細鍙繚瀛樺繀瑕佹湡闄愩€?/p>

Privacy Risk锛堥殣绉侀闄╋級锛氫釜浜烘暟鎹秺澶氾紝椋庨櫓瓒婇珮銆?/p>

Overcollection锛堣繃搴︽敹闆嗭級锛氭敹浜嗚秴鍑虹洰鐨勭殑鏁版嵁銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬嚭闂ㄥ彧甯﹂挜鍖欏拰鎵嬫満銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆備换鍔￠渶瑕佷粈涔堝氨甯︿粈涔堬紝涓嶆妸鏁翠釜鎶藉眽鑳岃蛋銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭墍鏈夋暟鎹兘鍔犲瘑灏辫銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚姞瀵嗘湁鐢紝浣嗘敹澶銆佺暀澶箙浠嶇劧鏈夐闄┿€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭渶灏忓寲灏辨槸鍒犲厜銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆備笉鏄笉鏀舵暟鎹紝鑰屾槸鏀跺繀瑕佹暟鎹€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃嚭闂ㄥ彧甯﹀繀闇€鍝佲€濄€傝繖鑳芥妸灏戞敹銆佸皯鐣欍€佸皯鍏变韩涓茶捣鏉ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Data Minimization = 鍑洪棬鍙甫閽ュ寵鍜屾墜鏈恒€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫笅鍗曞彧闇€瑕佸鍚嶃€佸湴鍧€銆佺數璇濓紝灏变笉瑕侀『鎵嬫敹韬唤璇併€侀€氳褰曞拰绮剧‘瀹氫綅锛涘皯鎷夸竴浠斤紝灏戜涪涓€浠姐€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鏁版嵁鏈€灏忓寲閫氳繃闄愬埗鏀堕泦銆佷娇鐢ㄣ€佸叡浜拰淇濈暀鏉ラ檷浣庨殣绉侀闄┿€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍋氫細鍛樻敞鍐岄〉銆?/p>

浜у搧缁忕悊鎯充竴娆℃敹濮撳悕銆佹墜鏈哄彿銆佽韩浠借瘉鍙枫€佺敓鏃ャ€佸搴湴鍧€銆佸畾浣嶅拰閫氳褰曘€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨闂細鏅€氫笅鍗曠湡鐨勯渶瑕佽韩浠借瘉鍙峰悧銆?/p>

鍙戣揣闇€瑕佺簿纭畾浣嶅悧锛岃繕鏄湴鍧€灏卞浜嗐€?/p>

瀹㈡湇闇€瑕佺湅瀹屾暣韬唤璇佸彿鍚楋紝杩樻槸鍚庡洓浣嶅氨澶熶簡銆?/p>

鏃ュ織闇€瑕佷繚瀛樺畬鏁翠釜浜烘暟鎹悧銆?/p>

杩欎簺闂涓嶆槸鎶犻棬锛岃€屾槸鍦ㄥ噺灏戞湭鏉ユ硠闇叉椂鐨勪激瀹炽€?/p>

娌℃敹鐨勬暟鎹紝涓嶄細娉勯湶銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?data minimization锛堟暟鎹渶灏忓寲锛夈€乧ollect only necessary data锛堝彧鏀跺繀瑕佹暟鎹級銆乴imit retention锛堥檺鍒朵繚鐣欙級锛屽厛鎯虫暟鎹渶灏忓寲銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂檷浣庨殣绉侀闄╃殑 best锛堟渶浣筹級鍋氭硶锛屽父浼樺厛鐪嬪皯鏀躲€佸皯鐣欍€佸皯鍏变韩銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂柊绯荤粺澶勭悊涓汉鏁版嵁鏃惰鎬庝箞璁捐锛屽厛鐪嬫渶灏忓寲銆佺洰鐨勯檺鍒躲€侀粯璁ら殣绉佷繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰鍙鍔犲瘑鎵€鏈夋暟鎹紝涓嶄竴瀹氭槸鏈€浣抽殣绉佺瓟妗堛€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Data Minimization锛氬皯鎷裤€佸皯鐢ㄣ€佸皯鐣欍€?/p>

Data Masking锛氶伄浣忔樉绀烘垨娴嬭瘯鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Pseudonymization锛氱敤鍋囧悕鏇挎崲鏍囪瘑銆?/p>

Anonymization锛氬悎鐞嗘儏鍐典笅鏃犳硶鍐嶈瘑鍒釜浜恒€?/p>

Compression锛氬帇缂╂枃浠跺ぇ灏忥紝涓嶆槸闅愮鍘熷垯銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氭暟鎹渶灏忓寲涓嶆槸鎶€鏈偒鎶€锛屾槸璁捐鍘熷垯銆傚厛鍒敹閭ｄ箞澶氾紝鍚庨潰鎵嶅皯鍑轰簨銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Pseudonymization = 鍋囧悕鍖栥€?/p>

瀹冩妸鐩存帴韬唤鏍囪瘑鎹㈡垚浠ｅ彿銆?/p>

姣斿寮犱笁鍙樻垚 User 1024銆?/p>

浣嗗鏋滆繕鏈夋槧灏勮〃銆佸瘑閽ユ垨鍚嶅崟锛屽氨鑳介噸鏂拌瘑鍒€?/p>

Anonymization = 鍖垮悕鍖栥€?/p>

瀹冭鏁版嵁鍦ㄥ悎鐞嗘墜娈典笅涓嶈兘鍐嶈瘑鍒埌鍏蜂綋涓汉銆?/p>

鐪熸鍖垮悕鍖栦互鍚庯紝閫氬父涓嶅簲璇ヨ兘鍐嶈繕鍘熻韩浠姐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Re-identification锛堥噸鏂拌瘑鍒級锛氭妸浠ｅ彿閲嶆柊杩炲洖鍏蜂綋涓汉銆?/p>

Mapping Table锛堟槧灏勮〃锛夛細浠ｅ彿鍜岀湡瀹炶韩浠界殑瀵圭収琛ㄣ€?/p>

Irreversible锛堜笉鍙€嗭級锛氫笉鑳藉悎鐞嗚繕鍘熻韩浠姐€?/p>

Aggregation锛堣仛鍚堬級锛氭妸涓汉璁板綍姹囨€绘垚缁熻銆?/p>

De-identification锛堝幓鏍囪瘑鍖栵級锛氬幓鎺夋垨闄嶄綆鐩存帴韬唤鏍囪瘑锛岃寖鍥存瘮鍖垮悕鍖栧銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬鐢?A 鍜岀偣鍚嶅唽銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚鐢?A 鏄亣鍚嶏紝鑰佸笀鎵嬮噷鐨勭偣鍚嶅唽鑳芥煡鍥炲紶涓夈€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬悕鍗曠儳鎺夊彧鍓╃粺璁¤〃銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠閫傚悎璁板尶鍚嶅寲銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭妸鍚嶅瓧鍝堝笇灏变竴瀹氬尶鍚嶃€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜煭瀛楁鎴栧彲鐚滃瓧娈靛彲鑳借鎾炲簱銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滃鐢?A + 鐐瑰悕鍐屸€濄€傛湁娌℃湁鐐瑰悕鍐岋紝灏辨槸鍋囧悕鍖栧拰鍖垮悕鍖栫殑鍒嗙晫銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Pseudonymization / Anonymization = 鏈夌偣鍚嶅唽鏄亣鍚嶅寲锛岀偣鍚嶅唽娌′簡鎵嶅儚鍖垮悕鍖栥€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬紶涓夋敼鎴愬鐢?A锛屼絾鑰佸笀鏈夌偣鍚嶅唽锛屽氨鏄亣鍚嶅寲锛涚偣鍚嶅唽鍜屽彲璇嗗埆绾跨储閮藉幓鎺夛紝鍙墿鏃犳硶鍚堢悊鍥炲埌涓汉鐨勭粺璁★紝鎵嶆槸鍖垮悕鍖栥€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細鍋囧悕鍖栭檷浣庤瘑鍒闄╀絾鍙繕鍘燂紝鍖垮悕鍖栫洰鏍囨槸涓嶅彲鍚堢悊閲嶆柊璇嗗埆銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄瑕佹妸瀹㈡埛鏁版嵁缁欏垎鏋愬洟闃熴€?/p>

浠栨妸濮撳悕鍜屾墜鏈哄彿鍒犳帀锛屾妸姣忎釜浜烘崲鎴愬鎴?001銆佸鎴?002銆?/p>

浣嗘槸瀹夊叏閮ㄩ棬鎵嬮噷杩樻湁涓€寮犺〃锛屽啓鐫€瀹㈡埛 001 灏辨槸鐜嬫煇銆?/p>

杩欐槸鍋囧悕鍖栥€?/p>

濡傛灉鍒嗘瀽鍥㈤槦鍙嬁鍒版寜鍩庡競鍜屽勾榫勬姹囨€荤殑璐拱缁熻锛岃€屼笖娌℃湁鍚堢悊鍔炴硶鍥炲埌鏌愪釜鍏蜂綋浜猴紝杩欐墠鏇存帴杩戝尶鍚嶅寲銆?/p>

鍋囧悕鍖栬兘闄嶄綆椋庨櫓锛屼絾涓嶆槸璁╂暟鎹交搴曡劚绂婚殣绉佹硶瑙勭殑榄旀硶銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?pseudonymization锛堝亣鍚嶅寲锛夈€乤lias锛堝埆鍚嶏級銆乵apping table锛堟槧灏勮〃锛夈€乺e-identification锛堥噸鏂拌瘑鍒級锛屽厛閫夊亣鍚嶅寲銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?anonymization锛堝尶鍚嶅寲锛夈€乮rreversible锛堜笉鍙€嗭級銆乧annot identify individuals锛堜笉鑳借瘑鍒釜浜猴級锛屽厛閫夊尶鍚嶅寲銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇磋繕鑳介€氳繃瀵嗛挜銆佸悕鍗曘€佽〃鏍兼壘鍥炵湡瀹炶韩浠斤紝灏变笉鏄尶鍚嶅寲銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?hash锛堝搱甯岋級锛岃鐪嬭兘涓嶈兘琚寽鍥炪€佹挒搴撴垨鍜屽叾浠栨暟鎹叧鑱斻€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Pseudonymization锛氫唬鍙锋浛鎹紝鍙€氳繃鏄犲皠鎵惧洖銆?/p>

Anonymization锛氬悎鐞嗘儏鍐典笅鎵句笉鍥炰釜浜恒€?/p>

Tokenization锛氫护鐗屾浛鎹紝闈?token vault 鏄犲皠銆?/p>

Data Masking锛氶伄浣忔垨鏇挎崲鏄剧ず/娴嬭瘯鏁版嵁銆?/p>

Hashing锛氬崟鍚戞憳瑕侊紝浣嗕笉鑷姩绛変簬鍖垮悕銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氳兘杩樺師韬唤鐨勨€滃尶鍚嶁€濋€氬父涓嶆槸鐪熺殑鍖垮悕锛屾洿鍍忓亣鍚嶅寲銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DRM = Digital Rights Management锛堟暟瀛楃増鏉冪鐞?/ 鏁板瓧鏉冮檺绠＄悊锛夈€?/p>

瀹冨父鐢ㄤ簬鏂囨。銆佽棰戙€佺數瀛愪功銆佽蒋浠躲€佽绋嬭祫鏂欏拰鍙楃増鏉冧繚鎶ょ殑鏁板瓧浣滃搧銆?/p>

鍔犲瘑閫氬父鍙洖绛斺€滃埆浜鸿兘涓嶈兘鐪嬫噦鍐呭鈥濄€?/p>

DRM 杩樿鍥炵瓟鈥滅湅鎳備互鍚庤兘涓嶈兘澶嶅埗銆佹墦鍗般€佽浆鍙戙€佹埅鍥俱€佺绾夸繚瀛樸€佽繃鏈熷悗缁х画鎵撳紑鈥濄€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Usage Control锛堜娇鐢ㄦ帶鍒讹級锛氶檺鍒跺浣曚娇鐢ㄥ唴瀹广€?/p>

Copy Restriction锛堝鍒堕檺鍒讹級锛氫笉璁╅殢渚垮鍒躲€?/p>

Print Restriction锛堟墦鍗伴檺鍒讹級锛氶檺鍒舵墦鍗般€?/p>

Expiration锛堣繃鏈燂級锛氬埌鏃堕棿鍚庝笉鑳芥墦寮€銆?/p>

Persistent Protection锛堟寔缁繚鎶わ級锛氬唴瀹圭寮€鍘熺郴缁熷悗浠嶅甫鐫€鎺у埗銆?/p>

Digital Rights锛堟暟瀛楁潈鍒╋級锛氳皝鑳藉鏁板瓧鍐呭鍋氫粈涔堛€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱數瀛愪功涓婄殑鐢靛瓙閿併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆備綘鑳借锛屼絾涓嶈兘闅忎究澶嶅埗銆佹墦鍗般€佽浆缁欏埆浜恒€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欴RM 灏辨槸鐗堟潈銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜増鏉冩槸鏉冨埄锛孌RM 鏄妧鏈拰绠＄悊鎺у埗銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欴RM 灏辨槸鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚姞瀵嗕繚鎶ゅ唴瀹癸紝DRM 鎺у埗浣跨敤琛屼负銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滅數瀛愪功鐢靛瓙閿佲€濄€傚畠鑳借浣?DRM 绠＄殑鏄娇鐢ㄦ潈闄愩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DRM = 鐢靛瓙涔︿笂鐨勭數瀛愰攣銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭枃浠跺彂缁欏埆浜轰互鍚庯紝鐢靛瓙閿佽繕璺熺潃瀹冿紝闄愬埗澶嶅埗銆佹墦鍗般€佽浆鍙戝拰杩囨湡璁块棶銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DRM 鐢ㄦ妧鏈帶鍒舵暟瀛楀唴瀹圭殑璁块棶鍜屼娇鐢紝甯姪淇濇姢鐗堟潈鍜屾晱鎰熻祫鏂欍€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃缁欏悎浣滄柟鍙戜竴浠藉煿璁浠躲€?/p>

鍚堜綔鏂归渶瑕佺湅锛屼絾涓嶈兘杞崠銆佷笉鑳界兢鍙戙€佷笉鑳芥墦鍗版垚绾歌川璧勬枡銆?/p>

濡傛灉鍙槸鍔犲瘑锛屽悎浣滄柟瑙ｅ瘑鍚庡彲鑳介殢渚垮鍒躲€?/p>

DRM 浼氭妸浣跨敤瑙勫垯缁戝湪鏂囦欢涓娿€?/p>

鎵撳紑闇€瑕佹巿鏉冭处鍙枫€?/p>

涓嶈兘澶嶅埗鏂囧瓧銆?/p>

涓嶈兘鎵撳嵃銆?/p>

閾炬帴 30 澶╁悗杩囨湡銆?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?DRM 鐨勯鐪笺€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Digital Rights Management锛堟暟瀛楃増鏉冪鐞?/ 鏁板瓧鏉冮檺绠＄悊锛夈€乽sage control锛堜娇鐢ㄦ帶鍒讹級锛屽厛鎯?DRM銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂枃妗ｅ彂鍑哄幓鍚庝粛瑕侀檺鍒?copy锛堝鍒讹級銆乸rint锛堟墦鍗帮級銆乻hare锛堝垎浜級銆乫orward锛堣浆鍙戯級锛岄€?DRM銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂繚鎶?copyrighted works锛堝彈鐗堟潈淇濇姢浣滃搧锛夌殑璁块棶鍜屽垎鍙戯紝涔熷父鐪?DRM銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶璁╁埆浜虹湅涓嶆噦鍐呭锛屽彲鑳芥槸 encryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級锛屼笉鏄?DRM 鐨勫畬鏁撮鐪笺€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

DRM锛氭帶鍒跺唴瀹规€庝箞鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Encryption锛氭帶鍒跺唴瀹硅兘涓嶈兘琚湅鎳傘€?/p>

Copyright锛氭硶寰嬫潈鍒┿€?/p>

DLP锛氶槻鏁忔劅鏁版嵁澶栧彂銆?/p>

Watermarking锛氭墦姘村嵃杩借釜鏉ユ簮銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欴RM 鐨勫叧閿瘝涓嶆槸鈥滈攣浣忔枃浠垛€濊繖涔堢畝鍗曪紝鑰屾槸鈥滈檺鍒朵娇鐢ㄨ涓衡€濄€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

CASB = Cloud Access Security Broker锛堜簯璁块棶瀹夊叏浠ｇ悊锛夈€?/p>

瀹冨彲浠ラ儴缃插湪鏈湴锛屼篃鍙互鏄簯鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

浣嶇疆涓婏紝瀹冪珯鍦?users锛堢敤鎴凤級鍜?cloud services锛堜簯鏈嶅姟锛変箣闂淬€?/p>

浣滅敤涓婏紝瀹冩彁渚?visibility锛堝彲瑙佹€э級銆乸olicy enforcement锛堢瓥鐣ユ墽琛岋級銆乼hreat protection锛堝▉鑳侀槻鎶わ級銆丏LP锛堟暟鎹槻娉勬紡锛夊拰鍚堣鎺у埗銆?/p>

瀹冪壒鍒父鍑虹幇鍦?SaaS锛堣蒋浠跺嵆鏈嶅姟锛夈€佷簯搴旂敤銆佸奖瀛?IT 鍜屼簯鏁版嵁澶栧彂棰橀噷銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Visibility锛堝彲瑙佹€э級锛氱煡閬撹皝鐢ㄤ簡鍝簺浜戞湇鍔°€?/p>

Shadow IT锛堝奖瀛?IT锛夛細鍛樺伐缁曡繃姝ｅ紡鎵瑰噯浣跨敤鐨勪簯鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

Policy Enforcement锛堢瓥鐣ユ墽琛岋級锛氭寜鍏徃瑙勫垯鍏佽銆侀樆鏂€佸姞瀵嗘垨鍛婅銆?/p>

SaaS Control锛圫aaS 鎺у埗锛夛細绠′簯搴旂敤璁块棶鍜屾暟鎹祦鍔ㄣ€?/p>

Cloud DLP锛堜簯 DLP锛夛細妫€鏌ヤ簯閲屾垨涓婁紶鍒颁簯鐨勬晱鎰熸暟鎹€?/p>

Threat Protection锛堝▉鑳侀槻鎶わ級锛氭娴嬪紓甯歌闂拰椋庨櫓琛屼负銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫簯绔畨妫€闂ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚憳宸ュ幓浜戠洏銆侀偖绠便€丆RM 鍓嶅厛杩囧畨妫€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欳ASB 灏辨槸涓嬩竴浠ｉ槻鐏銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞槻鐏涓昏绠＄綉缁滆繛鎺ワ紝CASB 鏇磋创浜戞湇鍔¤闂拰绛栫暐銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欳ASB 灏辨槸 SIEM銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆係IEM 鏀舵棩蹇楀仛鍏宠仈鍒嗘瀽锛孋ASB 绔欏湪浜戣闂矾寰勪笂鎵ц绛栫暐銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滀簯绔畨妫€闂ㄢ€濄€傚畠鑳芥帴浣忕敤鎴枫€佷簯鏈嶅姟銆佺瓥鐣ュ拰鏁版嵁澶栧彂銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

CASB = 鍘讳簯鏈嶅姟璺笂鐨勫畨妫€闂ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬憳宸ヨ闂簯鐩樸€丼aaS 鎴栦簯閭鏃讹紝CASB 妫€鏌ヨ韩浠姐€佽澶囥€佹枃浠跺唴瀹瑰拰绛栫暐锛屽喅瀹氭斁琛屻€侀樆鏂€佸姞瀵嗐€佸憡璀︽垨瑕佹眰 MFA銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細CASB 鏄敤鎴峰拰浜戞湇鍔′箣闂寸殑瀹夊叏绛栫暐鎵ц鐐癸紝鐢ㄦ潵鎻愰珮浜戣闂彲瑙佹€у拰鎺у埗鍔涖€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄鍏徃鎶婇偖绠便€佹枃浠剁洏鍜?CRM 閮芥惉鍒颁簯涓娿€?/p>

鍛樺伐寮€濮嬬敤鍚勭浜戠洏浼犺祫鏂欍€?/p>

鏈変簺浜戞湇鍔?IT 鏍规湰涓嶇煡閬撱€?/p>

瀹㈡埛鍚嶅崟涔熷彲鑳借涓婁紶鍒扮浜虹綉鐩樸€?/p>

CASB 绔欏湪鍛樺伐鍜屼簯搴旂敤涔嬮棿銆?/p>

瀹冪湅瑙佽皝鍦ㄨ闂摢涓簯鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

鍙戠幇褰卞瓙 IT銆?/p>

璇嗗埆涓婁紶鏂囦欢閲屾湁娌℃湁韬唤璇佸彿鍜屽鎴锋暟鎹€?/p>

蹇呰鏃堕樆鏂€佸姞瀵嗐€佽姹傚鎵规垨瑙﹀彂澶氬洜绱犺璇併€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?CASB銆丆loud Access Security Broker锛堜簯璁块棶瀹夊叏浠ｇ悊锛夛紝鍏堟兂浜戞湇鍔¤闂瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?visibility into cloud use锛堢湅瑙佷簯浣跨敤鎯呭喌锛夈€乻hadow IT锛堝奖瀛?IT锛夈€丼aaS control锛圫aaS 鎺у埗锛夛紝鍏堟兂 CASB銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂湪鐢ㄦ埛鍜屼簯鏈嶅姟涔嬮棿鎵ц瀹夊叏绛栫暐锛岄€?CASB銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村浜戝簲鐢ㄦ墽琛?DLP銆丮FA銆佸姞瀵嗐€佸▉鑳侀槻鎶わ紝涔熷父鐪?CASB銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶闆嗕腑鏀舵棩蹇楋紝鍙兘鏄?SIEM銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

CASB锛氱敤鎴峰拰浜戞湇鍔′箣闂寸殑浜戠瓥鐣ユ鏌ョ珯銆?/p>

Firewall锛氫富瑕佺缃戠粶杩炴帴鍜屾祦閲忚鍒欍€?/p>

WAF锛氫繚鎶?Web 搴旂敤銆?/p>

SIEM锛氶泦涓棩蹇楀拰鍏宠仈鍒嗘瀽銆?/p>

DLP锛氶槻鏁忔劅鏁版嵁澶栨硠锛孋ASB 鍙泦鎴?DLP 鑳藉姏銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欳ASB 涓嶆槸鈥滀簯閲岄殢渚夸竴涓畨鍏ㄥ伐鍏封€濄€傚畠鐨勯鐪兼槸浜戣闂彲瑙佹€у拰绛栫暐鎵ц銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

EOL = End of Life锛堢敓鍛藉懆鏈熺粨鏉燂級銆?/p>

瀹冮€氬父琛ㄧず浜у搧杩涘叆鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鏈熬锛屽巶鍟嗕笉鍐嶆妸瀹冨綋姝ｅ父浜у搧閿€鍞垨鍙戝睍銆?/p>

EOS = End of Support锛堟敮鎸佺粨鏉燂級銆?/p>

瀹冭〃绀哄巶鍟嗕笉鍐嶆彁渚涙敮鎸併€佹洿鏂般€佸畨鍏ㄨˉ涓佹垨鎶€鏈府鍔┿€?/p>

鑰冭瘯閲屾渶鍏抽敭鐨勬槸 EOS銆?/p>

鍥犱负娌℃湁琛ヤ竵锛屾紡娲炲嚭鏉ュ悗鍙兘娌′汉淇€?/p>

闀挎湡姝ｇ‘鏂瑰悜閫氬父鏄?upgrade锛堝崌绾э級銆乵igrate锛堣縼绉伙級鎴?replace锛堟浛鎹級銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Unsupported System锛堜笉鍙楁敮鎸佺郴缁燂級锛氬巶鍟嗕笉鍐嶆敮鎸併€?/p>

Patch Unavailable锛堟棤琛ヤ竵锛夛細娌℃湁瀹夊叏鏇存柊鍙敤銆?/p>

Migration锛堣縼绉伙級锛氭惉鍒板彈鏀寔骞冲彴銆?/p>

Upgrade锛堝崌绾э級锛氬崌鍒版柊鐗堟湰銆?/p>

Replacement锛堟浛鎹級锛氭崲鎺変骇鍝佹垨绯荤粺銆?/p>

Compensating Control锛堣ˉ鍋挎帶鍒讹級锛氭殏鏃堕檷浣庨闄╃殑鏇夸唬鎺у埗銆?/p>

Isolation锛堥殧绂伙級锛氭妸鏃х郴缁熷拰鍏朵粬缃戠粶闅斿紑锛岄檷浣庢毚闇查潰銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭棫鎵嬫満涓嶅啀鏇存柊銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛墜鏈鸿繕鑳界敤锛屼絾婕忔礊娌′汉淇紝瓒婃潵瓒婂嵄闄┿€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭棫绯荤粺缁х画鎵撹ˉ涓併€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侲OS 鍚庡彲鑳芥病鏈夎ˉ涓佸彲鎵撱€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬姞闃茬伀澧欏氨姘歌繙娌′簨銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝ˉ鍋挎帶鍒跺彧鏄复鏃堕檷浣庨闄╋紝涓嶈兘鏇夸唬杩佺Щ璁″垝銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富閽╁瓙鐢ㄢ€滄棫鎵嬫満涓嶅啀鏇存柊鈥濄€傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧鏄庣櫧鈥滆兘寮€鏈衡€濆拰鈥滃畨鍏ㄥ彈鏀寔鈥濅笉鏄竴鍥炰簨銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

EOL / EOS = 鏃ф墜鏈鸿繕鑳戒寒锛屼絾绯荤粺涓嶅啀鏇存柊銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳澶囪繕鑳借窇涓嶄唬琛ㄥ畨鍏紱鍘傚晢涓嶅啀鏀寔鍚庯紝婕忔礊娌′汉淇紝闀挎湡瑕佸崌绾с€佽縼绉绘垨鏇挎崲锛岀煭鏈熸墠鐢ㄩ殧绂诲拰琛ュ伩鎺у埗鎾戜綇銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細EOL/EOS 绯荤粺甯︽潵缁存姢鍜屽畨鍏ㄩ闄╋紝缁勭粐搴旇鍒掕縼绉诲苟鎺у埗娈嬩綑椋庨櫓銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄浠撳簱杩樻湁涓€鍙拌€佹湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

瀹冩瘡澶╄繕鑳借窇鎶ヨ〃銆?/p>

绠＄悊灞傝寰椻€滄病鍧忓氨鍒姩鈥濄€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鏌ュ埌鍘傚晢宸茬粡鍋滄鏀寔銆?/p>

鏂版紡娲炲嚭鏉ュ悗锛屾病鏈夎ˉ涓併€?/p>

澶囦唤杞欢涔熸參鎱笉鍏煎銆?/p>

鐭湡鍐咃紝灏忔灄鍙互鎶婅繖鍙版湇鍔″櫒闅旂銆侀檺鍒惰闂€佸姞寮虹洃鎺с€?/p>

浣嗚繖涓嶆槸缁堢偣銆?/p>

鐪熸璁″垝搴旇鏄縼绉绘姤琛ㄧ郴缁燂紝鎹㈠埌鍙楁敮鎸佸钩鍙般€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?EOL銆丒nd of Life锛堢敓鍛藉懆鏈熺粨鏉燂級銆丒OS銆丒nd of Support锛堟敮鎸佺粨鏉燂級锛屽厛鎯虫棫绯荤粺鏀寔椋庨櫓銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?vendor no longer supports锛堝巶鍟嗕笉鍐嶆敮鎸侊級銆乶o patches锛堟病鏈夎ˉ涓侊級銆乽nsupported system锛堜笉鍙楁敮鎸佺郴缁燂級锛屽厛鎯?EOS銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂暱鏈熸渶浣冲仛娉曪紝閫氬父鐪?upgrade锛堝崌绾э級銆乵igrate锛堣縼绉伙級鎴?replace锛堟浛鎹級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇寸煭鏈熸棤娉曟浛鎹紝鎵嶇湅 isolation锛堥殧绂伙級銆乧ompensating controls锛堣ˉ鍋挎帶鍒讹級銆乵onitoring锛堢洃鎺э級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

EOL锛氱敓鍛藉懆鏈熺粨鏉燂紝鍙兘涓嶅啀閿€鍞垨鍙戝睍銆?/p>

EOS锛氭敮鎸佺粨鏉燂紝琛ヤ竵鍜屾妧鏈敮鎸佸仠姝€?/p>

End of Development锛氫笉鍐嶅紑鍙戞柊鍔熻兘鎴栨柊鐗堟湰銆?/p>

End of Sales锛氫笉鍐嶉攢鍞€?/p>

Patch Management锛氳ˉ涓佺鐞嗭紝浣?EOS 鍚庡彲鑳芥棤琛ヤ竵鍙銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱郴缁熻兘杩愯涓嶄唬琛ㄨ繕鑳藉畨鍏ㄨ繍钀ャ€傝€冭瘯鏇寸湅鍘傚晢鏀寔鍜岃ˉ涓侀闄┿€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Security Baseline / 瀹夊叏鍩虹嚎

Security Baseline 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳藉彧鑳屸€滃熀绾库€濅袱涓瓧銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬畠鏄郴缁熶笂绾垮墠蹇呴』杈惧埌鐨勬渶浣庡畨鍏ㄥ簳绾裤€傛病杩囪繖鏉＄嚎锛屽氨涓嶆槸鈥滃樊涓€鐐光€濓紝鑰屾槸杩樹笉璇ユ斁蹇冧笂绾裤€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Security Baseline = 瀹夊叏鍩虹嚎銆?/p>

Baseline 鏄簳绾裤€佽捣鐐广€佹渶浣庡悎鏍肩嚎銆?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍏徃涓嶅彲鑳芥瘡鍙版湇鍔″櫒閮戒粠闆惰璁轰竴閬嶁€滆涓嶈寮€鏃ュ織銆佽涓嶈鏀归粯璁ゅ瘑鐮併€佽涓嶈鎵撹ˉ涓併€佽涓嶈闄愬埗鏉冮檺鈥濄€?/p>

鎵€浠ュ厛瀹氫竴鏉″畨鍏ㄥ簳绾匡細鍑℃槸瑕佽繘鐢熶骇鐜鐨勭郴缁燂紝鑷冲皯瑕佽揪鍒拌繖浜涜姹傘€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Security Baseline锛氬畨鍏ㄥ熀绾匡紝鏈€浣庡畨鍏ㄥ簳绾裤€?/p>

Minimum security level锛氭渶浣庡畨鍏ㄦ按骞炽€?/p>

Secure starting point锛氬畨鍏ㄨ捣鐐广€?/p>

Baseline controls锛氬熀绾挎帶鍒讹紝涔熷氨鏄郴缁熻嚦灏戣鏈夌殑涓€缁勬帶鍒舵帾鏂姐€?/p>

Tailoring锛氳鍓紝鏍规嵁缁勭粐鎯呭喌璋冩暣鍩虹嚎銆?/p>

Scoping锛氬畾鑼冨洿锛屽垽鏂摢浜涙帶鍒堕€傜敤锛屽摢浜涙帶鍒跺彲浠ユ湁鐞嗙敱鍦颁笉閫傜敤銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬畨鍏ㄨ韩楂樼嚎銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠寰堥€傚悎灏忕櫧銆傚氨鍍忔父涔愯鏂藉墠闈㈡湁韬珮绾匡紝娌″埌绾夸笉鑳界帺锛涚郴缁熸病鍒板畨鍏ㄧ嚎锛屼笉鑳介殢渚夸笂鐢熶骇銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬畨鍏ㄨ捣璺戠嚎銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈捐捣鐐癸紝浣嗕笉澶熷己璋冣€滄病杈炬爣涓嶈兘涓娾€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬畨鍏ㄥぉ鑺辨澘銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畨鍏ㄥ熀绾夸笉鏄渶楂樿姹傦紝鑰屾槸鏈€浣庤姹傘€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃畨鍏ㄨ韩楂樼嚎鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸 baseline 鐨勨€滄渶浣庡悎鏍肩嚎鈥濊娓呮銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Security Baseline = 瀹夊叏韬珮绾裤€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱郴缁熶笂绾垮墠鍏堥噺韬珮锛屾棩蹇椼€佽ˉ涓併€佹潈闄愩€佸姞瀵嗐€侀粯璁ゅ瘑鐮佽繖浜涙渶浣庤姹傛病杈炬爣锛屽氨涓嶈兘褰撲綔瀹夊叏绯荤粺鏀捐繘鐢熶骇鐜銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Security Baseline 鏄粍缁囪瀹氱殑鏈€浣庡畨鍏ㄦ帶鍒堕泦鍚堬紝鐢ㄦ潵浣滀负瀹夊叏璧风偣銆佸悎瑙勬鏌ュ拰鎸佺画閰嶇疆鏍℃鐨勪緷鎹€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瑕佹柊涓婁竴鍙拌鍗曟湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

寮€鍙戝悓浜嬭绯荤粺鑳借窇锛岄〉闈㈣兘鎵撳紑銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨娌℃湁椹笂鐐瑰ご銆?/p>

浠栧厛鎷垮嚭涓€寮犲畨鍏ㄨ韩楂樺昂銆?/p>

榛樿瀵嗙爜鏀逛簡鍚楋紵

琛ヤ竵鎵撳埌瑕佹眰鐗堟湰浜嗗悧锛?/p>

鏃ュ織寮€浜嗗悧锛?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樻潈闄愭敹绱т簡鍚楋紵

鏁忔劅鏁版嵁鍔犲瘑浜嗗悧锛?/p>

濡傛灉杩欎簺鏈€浣庨」娌¤繃绾匡紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ氨绠楄兘璺戯紝涔熻繕娌℃湁杈惧埌鍏徃鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ熀绾裤€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?minimum level of security锛堟渶浣庡畨鍏ㄦ按骞筹級锛屽厛鎯?Security Baseline锛堝畨鍏ㄥ熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?secure starting point锛堝畨鍏ㄨ捣鐐癸級锛屽厛鎯?Security Baseline锛堝畨鍏ㄥ熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存墍鏈夌郴缁熷繀椤绘弧瓒冲悓涓€缁勬渶浣庡畨鍏ㄨ姹傦紝鍏堟兂 Security Baseline锛堝畨鍏ㄥ熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇寸郴缁熶笉绗﹀悎鍩虹嚎锛岄渶瑕侀噸鏂板鐢ㄥ畨鍏ㄨ缃紝涔熷父鐪?Security Baseline锛堝畨鍏ㄥ熀绾匡級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Security Baseline锛氳瀹氱郴缁熸渶浣庤杈惧埌浠€涔堝畨鍏ㄦ按骞炽€?/p>

Configuration Baseline锛氳褰曟煇鍙版垨鏌愮被绯荤粺搴旇鏄粈涔堥厤缃牱瀛愩€?/p>

Standard锛氬己鍒惰鍒欙紝瀹夊叏鍩虹嚎甯稿父鏉ヨ嚜鏍囧噯銆?/p>

Guideline锛氬缓璁紝涓嶄竴瀹氬己鍒躲€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫笉瑕佹妸瀹夊叏鍩虹嚎褰撴垚鈥滄渶浣崇姸鎬佲€濄€傚畠鍏堥棶鏈€浣庡悎鏍硷紝涓嶆槸闂仛鍒版渶璞崕銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Configuration Baseline / 閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎

Configuration Baseline 杩欏紶鍗￠噸鐐逛笉鏄€滃畨鍏ㄨ姹傗€濓紝鑰屾槸鈥滄満鍣ㄥ簲璇ラ暱浠€涔堟牱鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氶厤缃熀绾垮儚鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑璇佷欢鐓с€備互鍚庣郴缁熷彉浜嗐€佸潖浜嗐€佽窇鍋忎簡锛屽氨鎷胯瘉浠剁収瀵圭収銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Configuration Baseline = 閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎銆?/p>

Configuration 鏄厤缃€?/p>

Baseline 鏄浐瀹氫笅鏉ョ殑鍩哄噯鏍峰瓙銆?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝涓€鍙版湇鍔″櫒涓嶅彧鏄€滄湇鍔″櫒鈥濅笁涓瓧銆傚畠鏈夋搷浣滅郴缁熺増鏈€佽ˉ涓佺増鏈€佸紑浜嗗摢浜涙湇鍔°€佸摢浜涚鍙ｃ€佽浜嗗摢浜涜蒋浠躲€佸摢浜涜处鍙峰瓨鍦ㄣ€佸摢浜涙潈闄愯璁剧疆銆?/p>

鎶婅繖浜?approved configuration锛堟壒鍑嗛厤缃級璁板綍涓嬫潵锛屽氨鏄厤缃熀绾裤€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Configuration Baseline锛氶厤缃熀绾裤€?/p>

Approved configuration锛氭壒鍑嗚繃鐨勯厤缃€?/p>

Standard build锛氭爣鍑嗘瀯寤恒€?/p>

Known good configuration锛氬凡鐭ヨ壇濂介厤缃€?/p>

Drift锛氭紓绉伙紝绯荤粺閰嶇疆鎱㈡參鍋忕鍘熸潵鐨勬爣鍑嗘牱瀛愩€?/p>

CIS Benchmark锛堜簰鑱旂綉瀹夊叏涓績鍩哄噯锛夛細甯哥敤鐨勫畨鍏ㄩ厤缃缓璁竻鍗曪紝棰樼洰甯告嬁鏉ラ棶閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎鎴栧畨鍏ㄩ厤缃€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭湇鍔″櫒璇佷欢鐓с€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝瘉浠剁収寮鸿皟鈥滄爣鍑嗘牱瀛愨€濓紝寰堥€傚悎閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭満鍣ㄤ綋妫€鍗曘€?/p>

閮ㄥ垎淇濈暀銆備綋妫€鍗曟洿閫傚悎婕忔礊绠＄悊锛屽洜涓哄畠寮鸿皟鎵炬瘺鐥呫€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳淇竻鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傝淇竻鍗曡兘璁查厤缃紝浣嗕笉澶熷己璋冧箣鍚庣敤鏉ユ瘮瀵广€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滄湇鍔″櫒璇佷欢鐓р€濄€傜湅鍒伴厤缃熀绾匡紝灏辨兂鎶婄郴缁熺殑鏍囧噯鏍峰瓙鎷嶄笅鏉ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Configuration Baseline = 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ瘉浠剁収銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱郴缁熸爣鍑嗘牱瀛愬厛鎷嶇収锛岀増鏈€佽ˉ涓併€佹湇鍔°€佺鍙ｃ€佽处鍙枫€佹潈闄愰兘鍐欐竻妤氾紱浠ュ悗璋佹敼浜嗐€佸摢閲岃窇鍋忎簡锛屽氨鎷胯繖寮犺瘉浠剁収瀵广€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Configuration Baseline 鏄凡鎵瑰噯鐨勯厤缃熀鍑嗭紝鐢ㄦ潵閮ㄧ讲銆佹瘮瀵规紓绉汇€佸璁°€佹仮澶嶅拰鍥炴粴銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏈夊崄鍙版敹娆炬湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

涓€寮€濮嬪畠浠兘鎸夊悓涓€濂楁ā鏉胯濂姐€?/p>

鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鐗堟湰涓€鏍枫€?/p>

琛ヤ竵鐗堟湰涓€鏍枫€?/p>

鍙紑蹇呴』寮€鐨勬湇鍔°€?/p>

鍙紑鏀句笟鍔￠渶瑕佺殑绔彛銆?/p>

绠＄悊鍛樿处鍙峰拰鏃ュ織璁剧疆涔熶竴鏍枫€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鎶婅繖涓爣鍑嗘牱瀛愪繚瀛樻垚閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎銆?/p>

涓や釜鏈堝悗锛屼竴鍙版湇鍔″櫒绐佺劧澶氬紑浜嗕竴涓檶鐢熺鍙ｃ€?/p>

涓嶇敤鐚溿€?/p>

鎷块厤缃熀绾夸竴瀵癸紝灏辩煡閬撳畠宸茬粡鍋忕浜嗘爣鍑嗘牱瀛愩€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?baseline configuration锛堝熀绾块厤缃級锛屽厛鎯?Configuration Baseline锛堥厤缃熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂郴缁熺殑 OS version锛堟搷浣滅郴缁熺増鏈級銆乸atch level锛堣ˉ涓佺骇鍒級銆乤pplication versions锛堝簲鐢ㄧ増鏈級搴旇璁板綍鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紝鍏堟兂 Configuration Baseline锛堥厤缃熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇寸敤鏉ュ彂鐜?configuration drift锛堥厤缃紓绉伙級锛屽厛鎯?Configuration Baseline锛堥厤缃熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇寸敤鏍囧噯闀滃儚蹇€熼儴缃叉柊鏈嶅姟鍣紝涔熷父鐪?Configuration Baseline锛堥厤缃熀绾匡級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Security Baseline锛氭渶浣庡畨鍏ㄧ嚎銆?/p>

Configuration Baseline锛氭爣鍑嗛厤缃収鐗囥€?/p>

Secure Configuration锛氬畨鍏ㄩ厤缃粨鏋滐紝姣斿鍏抽棴涓嶅繀瑕佹湇鍔°€佺鐢ㄩ粯璁ゅ瘑鐮併€?/p>

Change Management锛氳皝瑕佹敼閰嶇疆锛屽繀椤荤敵璇枫€佸鎵广€佹祴璇曘€佽褰曘€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬畨鍏ㄥ熀绾块棶鈥滃涓嶅瀹夊叏鈥濓紝閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎闂€滅幇鍦ㄥ簲璇ユ槸浠€涔堟牱鈥濄€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Hardening / 绯荤粺鍔犲浐

Hardening 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滃彉纭€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氱郴缁熷姞鍥哄氨鏄妸榛樿寮€寰楀お鏉剧殑鍦版柟鏀剁揣锛岃鏀诲嚮鑰呭皯涓€鐐瑰叆鍙ｃ€佸皯涓€鐐规満浼氥€佸皯涓€鐐规潈闄愩€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Hardening = 绯荤粺鍔犲浐銆?/p>

鏂扮郴缁熷垰瑁呭ソ鏃讹紝甯稿父涓轰簡鏂逛究锛岄粯璁ゅ紑浜嗗緢澶氭湇鍔°€佺鍙ｃ€佺ず渚嬭处鍙枫€侀粯璁よ缃€?/p>

杩欎簺涓滆タ鏂逛究绠＄悊鍛橈紝涔熸柟渚挎敾鍑昏€呫€?/p>

鍔犲浐灏辨槸鎶婁笉璇ュ紑鐨勫叧鎺夛紝鎶婁笉璇ョ暀鐨勫垹鎺夛紝鎶婁笉璇ユ澗鐨勬敹绱с€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Hardening锛氱郴缁熷姞鍥猴紝鎶婄郴缁熸敹绱с€?/p>

Attack Surface锛氭敾鍑婚潰锛屾敾鍑昏€呭彲浠ョ鍒般€佽瘯鎺€佸埄鐢ㄧ殑鍏ュ彛鎬诲拰銆?/p>

Disable unused services锛氬叧闂笉鐢ㄧ殑鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

Close unused ports锛氬叧闂笉鐢ㄧ殑绔彛銆?/p>

Remove unnecessary applications锛氱Щ闄や笉闇€瑕佺殑杞欢銆?/p>

Least privilege锛氭渶灏忔潈闄愶紝鍙粰瀹屾垚宸ヤ綔蹇呴』鐨勬潈闄愩€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭柊鎴挎崲閿佸叧绐楀皝鍚庨棬銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸鈥滈粯璁ゅお鏉撅紝闇€瑕佹敹绱у叆鍙ｂ€濊娓呮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱粰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ┛鐩旂敳銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜敾闈㈡湁锛屼絾瀹规槗璁╀汉浠ヤ负鍙槸鍔犱竴涓槻鎶ゅ伐鍏枫€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭妸澶氫綑闂ㄧ獥灏佽捣鏉ャ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鍜屾敾鍑婚潰闈炲父璐淬€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滄柊鎴挎崲閿佸叧绐楀皝鍚庨棬鈥濄€傚畠鑳借繛鍒板叧闂鍙ｃ€佹敼榛樿瀵嗙爜銆佸垹澶氫綑鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Hardening = 鏂版埧鎹㈤攣鍏崇獥灏佸悗闂ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭柊绯荤粺鍍忓垰鎷垮埌鐨勬柊鎴匡紝鍏堟崲榛樿閿併€佸叧涓嶇敤鐨勭獥銆佸皝澶氫綑鐨勫悗闂ㄣ€佸彧鐣欏繀椤诲叆鍙ｏ紝鏀诲嚮鑰呰兘璇曠殑鍦版柟灏卞皯浜嗐€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Hardening 鏄€氳繃瀹夊叏閰嶇疆銆佸叧闂笉蹇呰鍔熻兘銆侀檺鍒舵潈闄愬拰鍑忓皯鏆撮湶闈㈡潵闄嶄綆绯荤粺琚敾鍑荤殑鏈轰細銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵涔颁簡涓€鍙版柊鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

瀹冧竴寮€鏈哄氨鑳借窇銆?/p>

浣嗗畨鍏ㄥ悓浜嬪厛妫€鏌ラ棬绐椼€?/p>

榛樿绠＄悊鍛樺瘑鐮佽繕鍦紝蹇呴』鏀广€?/p>

娴嬭瘯璐﹀彿杩樺湪锛屽繀椤诲垹銆?/p>

杩滅▼鏈嶅姟寮€澶锛屽繀椤诲叧銆?/p>

涓氬姟涓嶇敤鐨勭鍙ｆ毚闇插湪澶栵紝蹇呴』灏併€?/p>

鏃ュ織娌″紑锛屽繀椤绘墦寮€銆?/p>

杩欎竴涓插姩浣滃仛瀹岋紝绯荤粺鎵嶄粠鈥滆兘鐢ㄢ€濆彉鎴愨€滄洿闅捐鎵撯€濄€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?disable unused services锛堝叧闂笉鐢ㄦ湇鍔★級锛屽厛鎯?Hardening锛堢郴缁熷姞鍥猴級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?close unused ports锛堝叧闂笉鐢ㄧ鍙ｏ級锛屽厛鎯?Hardening锛堢郴缁熷姞鍥猴級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?remove unnecessary applications锛堢Щ闄や笉蹇呰搴旂敤锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Hardening锛堢郴缁熷姞鍥猴級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?reduce attack surface锛堝噺灏戞敾鍑婚潰锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Hardening锛堢郴缁熷姞鍥猴級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存妸榛樿閰嶇疆鏀规垚鏇村畨鍏紝涔熷父鐪?Hardening锛堢郴缁熷姞鍥猴級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Hardening锛氭妸绯荤粺鏀剁揣銆?/p>

Patch Management锛氱鐞嗚ˉ涓侊紝浠庡彂鐜拌ˉ涓佸埌娴嬭瘯銆佸鎵广€侀儴缃层€侀獙璇併€?/p>

Vulnerability Management锛氬彂鐜般€佺‘璁ゃ€佹帓搴忋€佷慨澶嶆紡娲炵殑闂幆銆?/p>

Secure Configuration锛氬姞鍥哄悗鐣欎笅鐨勫畨鍏ㄨ缃姸鎬併€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬姞鍥轰笉鏄拱涓€涓柊宸ュ叿锛岃€屾槸鎶婄郴缁熻嚜韬兘鏀剁揣鐨勫湴鏂瑰厛鏀剁揣銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Patch Management / 琛ヤ竵绠＄悊

Patch Management 杩欏紶鍗′笉鑳借儗鎴愨€滄湁琛ヤ竵灏遍┈涓婃墦鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳ˉ涓佺鐞嗘槸鎶婅ˉ涓佷粠鍙戠幇鍒颁笂绾跨璧锋潵锛屽厛鐭ラ亾缂轰粈涔堬紝鍐嶆祴璇曚細涓嶄細寮勫潖涓氬姟锛屾渶鍚庨儴缃插苟楠岃瘉銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Patch = 琛ヤ竵銆?/p>

Management = 绠＄悊銆?/p>

杞欢鍙戠幇婕忔礊鍚庯紝鍘傚晢鍙兘鍙戝竷琛ヤ竵鏉ヤ慨銆?/p>

浣嗙敓浜х郴缁熶笉鏄釜浜虹數鑴戙€?/p>

琛ヤ竵鍙兘淇ソ婕忔礊锛屼篃鍙兘璁╂敹娆剧郴缁熸墦涓嶅紑銆?/p>

鎵€浠ヨ€冭瘯閲岀殑 Patch Management 寮鸿皟娴佺▼锛屼笉寮鸿皟鍐插姩銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Patch Management锛氳ˉ涓佺鐞嗐€?/p>

Inventory锛氳祫浜ф竻鍗曪紝鍏堢煡閬撹缁欒皝鎵撹ˉ涓併€?/p>

Test锛氭祴璇曪紝鍏堝湪娴嬭瘯鐜鐪嬩細涓嶄細鍑洪棶棰樸€?/p>

Approve锛氬鎵癸紝纭鍙互涓婄嚎銆?/p>

Deploy锛氶儴缃诧紝鎶婅ˉ涓佹帹鍒扮郴缁熴€?/p>

Verify锛氶獙璇侊紝纭琛ヤ竵鐪熺殑瑁呭ソ銆?/p>

Rollback锛氬洖婊氾紝琛ヤ竵鍑洪棶棰樻椂閫€鍥炪€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳ˉ琛ｆ湇鍏堣瘯閽堣剼銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝ˉ涓佸儚琛ヨ。鏈嶏紝浣嗗叕鍙稿埗鏈嶄笉鑳界洿鎺ヤ贡缂濓紝瑕佸厛璇曘€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱湅瑙佸垱鍙创灏辫创銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畠浼氳瀵兼垚鈥滈┈涓婃墦琛ヤ竵鈥濓紝鍜岃€冭瘯娴佺▼鐩稿弽銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫慨璺厛灏佽矾閫氱煡銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈剧淮鎶ょ獥鍙ｏ紝浣嗕笉澶熻创琛ヤ竵銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滆ˉ琛ｆ湇鍏堣瘯閽堣剼鈥濄€傚畠鑳借浣忚ˉ涓佷笉鏄贡璐达紝鏄娴嬭瘯銆佸鎵广€侀儴缃层€侀獙璇併€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Patch Management = 琛ヨ。鏈嶅厛璇曢拡鑴氥€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱敓浜х郴缁熷儚涓€鎺掑叕鍙稿埗鏈嶏紝琛ヤ竵涓嶈兘鎶撹捣鏉ュ氨缂濓紱鍏堢湅鍝欢鐮翠簡锛岃瘯閽堣剼锛屽鎵癸紝瀹夋帓鏃堕棿锛岃ˉ瀹屾鏌ワ紝鍧忎簡杩樿兘鎷嗗洖鍘汇€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Patch Management 鏄瘑鍒€佽瘎浼般€佹祴璇曘€佹壒鍑嗐€侀儴缃层€侀獙璇佸拰璁板綍琛ヤ竵鐨勭鐞嗘祦绋嬨€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鐨勬暟鎹簱杞欢鐖嗗嚭婕忔礊銆?/p>

鍘傚晢鍙戜簡琛ヤ竵銆?/p>

鑰佹澘闂兘涓嶈兘浠婃櫄鍏ㄨ銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鍏堢湅璧勪骇娓呭崟锛岀‘璁ゅ摢浜涙湇鍔″櫒鍙楀奖鍝嶃€?/p>

鐒跺悗鍦ㄦ祴璇曟湇鍔″櫒瑁呰ˉ涓併€?/p>

娴嬭瘯鍙戠幇鏃ф姤琛ㄦ彃浠朵細鎶ラ敊銆?/p>

鎶€鏈洟闃熷厛淇吋瀹归棶棰橈紝鍐嶆彁浜ゅ彉鏇村鎵广€?/p>

缁存姢绐楀彛鍒颁簡锛屾墠缁欑敓浜ф湇鍔″櫒鎵撹ˉ涓併€?/p>

鎵撳畬鍚庡啀鎵弿纭婕忔礊娑堝け銆?/p>

濡傛灉绯荤粺寮傚父锛屽氨鎸夊洖婊氳鍒掗€€鍥炪€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?patch锛堣ˉ涓侊級銆乻oftware update锛堣蒋浠舵洿鏂帮級銆乭otfix锛堢儹淇锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Patch Management锛堣ˉ涓佺鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂ˉ涓佷笂鐢熶骇鍓嶆渶閲嶈鍋氫粈涔堬紝閫氬父鍏堢湅 test锛堟祴璇曪級銆乥ackup锛堝浠斤級銆乤pproval锛堝鎵癸級鍜?rollback锛堝洖婊氾級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂ˉ涓佺鐞嗙涓€姝ワ紝甯哥湅 inventory锛堣祫浜ф竻鍗曪級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂浣曠‘璁よˉ涓佹垚鍔燂紝甯哥湅 verify锛堥獙璇侊級銆乻can锛堟壂鎻忥級鎴?audit锛堝璁★級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇磋嚜鍔ㄥ叏閲忔帹琛ヤ竵瀵艰嚧鏁呴殰锛屾敼杩涙柟鍚戦€氬父鏄厛娴嬭瘯鍜屽垎闃舵閮ㄧ讲銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Patch Management锛氳ˉ涓佹祦绋嬨€?/p>

Change Management锛氭墍鏈夊彉鏇寸殑瀹℃壒鍜屾帶鍒讹紝琛ヤ竵閫氬父涔熸槸涓€绉嶅彉鏇淬€?/p>

Vulnerability Management锛氬彂鐜板拰绠＄悊婕忔礊锛屾墦琛ヤ竵鍙槸淇鏂瑰紡涔嬩竴銆?/p>

EOS锛欵nd of Support锛堟敮鎸佺粨鏉燂級锛岀郴缁熶笉鍐嶅彈鏀寔鏃讹紝鍙兘娌℃湁琛ヤ竵鍙銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氳€冭瘯涓嶅枩娆⑩€滅珛鍒荤粰鎵€鏈夌敓浜х郴缁熸墦琛ヤ竵鈥濄€傚畠鏇村枩娆㈡湁娴嬭瘯銆佹湁瀹℃壒銆佹湁楠岃瘉銆佹湁鍥炴粴銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Change Management = 鍙樻洿绠＄悊銆?/p>

Change Control = 鍙樻洿鎺у埗銆?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鏀逛唬鐮併€佹敼闃茬伀澧欒鍒欍€佹敼鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ厤缃€佹墦琛ヤ竵銆佹崲鏁版嵁搴撳弬鏁帮紝閮藉彨 change锛堝彉鏇达級銆?/p>

鍙樻洿绠＄悊灏辨槸璁╄繖浜涙敼鍔ㄨ蛋娴佺▼銆?/p>

璋佽鏀癸紵

涓轰粈涔堟敼锛?/p>

褰卞搷璋侊紵

娴嬭瘯浜嗗悧锛?/p>

浠€涔堟椂鍊欐敼锛?/p>

澶辫触鎬庝箞鍥炴粴锛?/p>

杩欎簺閮借鎻愬墠璁叉竻妤氥€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Change Management锛氬彉鏇寸鐞嗭紝绠＄悊鍙樻洿娴佺▼銆?/p>

Change Control锛氬彉鏇存帶鍒讹紝寮鸿皟瀹℃壒鍜屾帶鍒躲€?/p>

CAB锛欳hange Advisory Board锛堝彉鏇村挩璇㈠鍛樹細锛夛紝甯哥敤浜庤瘎瀹￠噸瑕佸彉鏇淬€?/p>

UAT锛歎ser Acceptance Testing锛堢敤鎴烽獙鏀舵祴璇曪級锛屼笟鍔＄敤鎴风‘璁ゆ敼瀹岃兘鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Rollback Plan锛氬洖婊氳鍒掞紝澶辫触鏃舵€庝箞閫€鍥炪€?/p>

Change Log锛氬彉鏇存棩蹇楋紝璁板綍璋佸湪浠€涔堟椂鍊欐敼浜嗕粈涔堛€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氶鍘呮崲鑿滃崟娴佺▼銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝彍鍗曚竴鏀癸紝鍘ㄥ笀銆佹敹閾躲€佹湇鍔°€佸簱瀛橀兘浼氬彈褰卞搷锛屽緢鍍忕敓浜у彉鏇淬€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶殢鎵嬫敼闂ㄧ墝銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畠鑳借〃鐜板嵄闄╋紝浣嗕笉鑳借〃杈惧畬鏁存祦绋嬨€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭敼璺彛绾㈢豢鐏€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈惧奖鍝嶈寖鍥村ぇ锛屼絾涓嶅鏃ュ父銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滈鍘呮崲鑿滃崟娴佺▼鈥濄€傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧鐪嬭瀹℃壒銆佹祴璇曘€侀€氱煡銆佸洖婊氥€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Change Management = 椁愬巺鎹㈣彍鍗曟祦绋嬨€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氶鍘呬笉鑳借€佹澘涓€鍙ヨ瘽灏辨妸鑿滃崟鏀规帀锛涘厛璇曡彍銆佺畻搴撳瓨銆侀€氱煡鏀堕摱鍜屾湇鍔″憳銆侀€変笉蹇欑殑鏃堕棿涓婄嚎锛屽崠涓嶅姩杩樿兘鎹㈠洖鏃ц彍鍗曘€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Change Management 鏄鐢熶骇鐜鍙樻洿杩涜鐢宠銆佽瘎浼般€佹壒鍑嗐€佹祴璇曘€佹帓鏈熴€佸疄鏂姐€佸洖婊氬拰璁板綍鐨勬祦绋嬨€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鎯虫敼鏀粯鎺ュ彛銆?/p>

寮€鍙戣鍙敼涓€琛岄厤缃€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨娌℃湁璁╀粬鐩存帴涓婄敓浜с€?/p>

鍥犱负杩欎竴琛屽彲鑳藉奖鍝嶆敹娆俱€佽鍗曘€侀€€娆俱€佸璐﹀拰瀹㈡湇鏌ヨ銆?/p>

浠栦滑鍏堟彁浜ゅ彉鏇磋姹傘€?/p>

鎶€鏈汉鍛樿鏄庢敼浠€涔堛€?/p>

涓氬姟浜哄憳纭褰卞搷銆?/p>

娴嬭瘯鐜鍏堣窇鏀粯娴佺▼銆?/p>

缁存姢绐楀彛瀹夋帓鍦ㄥ噷鏅ㄣ€?/p>

涓婄嚎鍓嶅噯澶囧洖婊氶厤缃€?/p>

涓婄嚎鍚庤褰曡皝鏀逛簡銆佷粈涔堟椂鍊欐敼鐨勩€佺粨鏋滄€庢牱銆?/p>

杩欐墠鏄彉鏇寸鐞嗐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?unauthorized change锛堟湭缁忔巿鏉冨彉鏇达級锛屽厛鎯?Change Management锛堝彉鏇寸鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?undocumented change锛堟病鏈夎褰曠殑鍙樻洿锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Change Management锛堝彉鏇寸鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?tested and approved before production锛堜笂鐢熶骇鍓嶆祴璇曞拰鎵瑰噯锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Change Management锛堝彉鏇寸鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?rollback plan锛堝洖婊氳鍒掞級銆乵aintenance window锛堢淮鎶ょ獥鍙ｏ級銆乧hange log锛堝彉鏇存棩蹇楋級锛屼篃甯哥湅 Change Management锛堝彉鏇寸鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂揣鎬ュ彉鏇达紝姝ｇ‘鏂瑰悜閫氬父鏄厛澶勭悊绱ф€ラ棶棰橈紝浣嗕簨鍚庝粛瑕佽褰曞拰澶嶅銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Change Management锛氱鎵€鏈夌敓浜у彉鏇淬€?/p>

Patch Management锛氱琛ヤ竵锛岃ˉ涓侀€氬父涔熻璧板彉鏇寸鐞嗐€?/p>

Configuration Management锛氳褰曢厤缃姸鎬佸拰閰嶇疆鍩虹嚎銆?/p>

Incident Response锛氬凡缁忓嚭浜嬪悗鐨勫搷搴旀祦绋嬨€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬彉鏇寸鐞嗕笉鏄樆姝㈡敼鍔紝鑰屾槸璁╂敼鍔ㄥ彲鎵瑰噯銆佸彲娴嬭瘯銆佸彲杩借釜銆佸彲鍥為€€銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Vulnerability Management / 婕忔礊绠＄悊

Vulnerability Management 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滄壂涓€涓嬫紡娲炩€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭紡娲炵鐞嗘槸涓€涓棴鐜€傚彂鐜伴棶棰樺彧鏄涓€姝ワ紝鍚庨潰杩樿纭銆佹帓搴忋€佷慨銆佸鏌ャ€佹眹鎶ャ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Vulnerability = 婕忔礊銆佸急鐐广€?/p>

Management = 绠＄悊銆?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鎵弿鍣ㄥ彲鑳藉垪鍑哄嚑鐧句釜闂銆?/p>

浣嗗叕鍙镐笉浼氬悓鏃朵慨瀹屾墍鏈変笢瑗裤€?/p>

鎵€浠ユ紡娲炵鐞嗚鍥炵瓟锛氬摢浜涙槸鐪熺殑锛熷摢浜涙渶鍗遍櫓锛熻皝璐熻矗淇紵浠€涔堟椂鍊欎慨锛熶慨瀹屼簡鍚楋紵鍓╀笅椋庨櫓璋佹帴鍙楋紵

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Vulnerability Management锛氭紡娲炵鐞嗐€?/p>

Vulnerability Scan锛氭紡娲炴壂鎻忥紝鎵惧凡鐭ュ急鐐广€?/p>

CVSS锛欳ommon Vulnerability Scoring System锛堥€氱敤婕忔礊璇勫垎绯荤粺锛夛紝鐢ㄦ潵鎻忚堪婕忔礊涓ラ噸搴︺€?/p>

CVE锛欳ommon Vulnerabilities and Exposures锛堥€氱敤婕忔礊涓庢毚闇茬紪鍙凤級锛屾紡娲炵紪鍙枫€?/p>

False Positive锛氳鎶ワ紝宸ュ叿璇存湁闂浣嗗疄闄呮病鏈夈€?/p>

Residual Risk锛氬墿浣欓闄╋紝澶勭悊鍚庝粛鐒剁暀涓嬬殑椋庨櫓銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫綋妫€闂幆銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆備綋妫€涓嶆槸鎷垮埌鎶ュ憡灏辩粨鏉燂紝杩樿澶嶆煡銆佹不鐤椼€佽窡韪€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭紡娲炲瀮鍦炬《銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畠鍙〃杈锯€滄湁闂鈥濓紝涓嶈〃杈剧鐞嗛棴鐜€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭帓闃熺湅鐥呫€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈句紭鍏堢骇锛屼絾涓嶅瀹屾暣銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滀綋妫€闂幆鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鎵弿銆佺‘璁ゃ€佹帓搴忋€佷慨澶嶃€佸鏌ヤ覆璧锋潵銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Vulnerability Management = 浣撴闂幆銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭壂鎻忓儚浣撴锛屾姤鍛婂嚭鏉ヤ笉鑳界洿鎺ユ墧缁欏尰鐢燂紱鍏堢‘璁ょ湡鍋囷紝鍐嶆寜鍗遍櫓绋嬪害鎺掗槦娌荤枟锛屾不瀹岃繕瑕佸鏌ワ紝鍓╀笅娌讳笉浜嗙殑椋庨櫓瑕佹湁浜虹鏀躲€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Vulnerability Management 鏄寔缁瘑鍒€佽瘎浼般€佹帓搴忋€佷慨澶嶆垨缂撹В婕忔礊锛屽苟楠岃瘉缁撴灉鐨勮繃绋嬨€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵姣忓懆璺戜竴娆℃紡娲炴壂鎻忋€?/p>

鎶ュ憡鏄剧ず缃戠珯鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ湁 80 涓棶棰樸€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨娌℃湁鐩存帴鎶?80 涓兘鏍囩孩涓㈢粰杩愮淮銆?/p>

浠栧厛纭鍝簺鏄鎶ャ€?/p>

鍐嶇湅鍝簺鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ渶閲嶈銆?/p>

鏀舵鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笂鐨勮繙绋嬪埄鐢ㄦ紡娲炴帓鍦ㄥ墠闈€?/p>

鍐呴儴娴嬭瘯鏈轰笂鐨勪綆鍗遍厤缃」鎺掑湪鍚庨潰銆?/p>

鑳芥墦琛ヤ竵鐨勫畨鎺掕ˉ涓併€?/p>

鏆傛椂涓嶈兘鎵撹ˉ涓佺殑鍏堥檺鍒惰闂€佸姞鐩戞帶銆?/p>

淇畬鍚庡啀鎵竴娆★紝纭闂鐪熺殑娑堝け銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?identify and remediate vulnerabilities锛堣瘑鍒苟淇婕忔礊锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Vulnerability Management锛堟紡娲炵鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?routine scans锛堝畾鏈熸壂鎻忥級銆乸eriodic assessments锛堝懆鏈熻瘎浼帮級锛屽厛鎯?Vulnerability Management锛堟紡娲炵鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?validate scanner results锛堢‘璁ゆ壂鎻忕粨鏋滐級锛屽厛鎯?Vulnerability Management锛堟紡娲炵鐞嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?prioritize vulnerabilities锛堟紡娲炴帓搴忥級锛屽父鐪?CVSS锛堥€氱敤婕忔礊璇勫垎绯荤粺锛夈€乤sset criticality锛堣祫浜ч噸瑕佹€э級鍜?exploitability锛堝彲鍒╃敤鎬э級銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶宸ュ叿鍙戠幇宸茬煡婕忔礊锛屽彲鑳芥槸 Vulnerability Scan锛堟紡娲炴壂鎻忥級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Vulnerability Management锛氭紡娲為棴鐜€?/p>

Vulnerability Scan锛氬彧璐熻矗鍙戠幇宸茬煡闂銆?/p>

Patch Management锛氫慨澶嶆紡娲炵殑涓€绉嶆柟寮忋€?/p>

Penetration Testing锛氭笚閫忔祴璇曪紝楠岃瘉鏀诲嚮鑳戒笉鑳界湡鐨勬墦閫氥€?/p>

Risk Assessment锛氶闄╄瘎浼帮紝甯姪绠＄悊灞傚喅瀹氫紭鍏堢骇鍜屾帴鍙楅闄┿€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氭紡娲炴壂鎻忎笉鏄紡娲炵鐞嗙殑鍏ㄩ儴銆傛壂鎻忓彧鏄紑澶达紝闂幆鎵嶅彨绠＄悊銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Secure Configuration / 瀹夊叏閰嶇疆

Secure Configuration 杩欏紶鍗￠棶鐨勬槸鈥滅郴缁熻缃緱瀹変笉瀹夊叏鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬悓涓€鍙版湇鍔″櫒锛屽姛鑳戒竴鏍疯兘璺戯紝浣嗚缃彲浠ュ緢鍗遍櫓锛屼篃鍙互寰堝畨鍏ㄣ€傚畨鍏ㄩ厤缃氨鏄妸璁剧疆璋冨埌瀹夊叏鐘舵€併€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Secure Configuration = 瀹夊叏閰嶇疆銆?/p>

Configuration 鏄厤缃€佽缃€?/p>

Secure 鏄畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝寰堝椋庨櫓涓嶆槸杞欢浠ｇ爜婕忔礊锛岃€屾槸璁剧疆澶澗銆?/p>

榛樿瀵嗙爜娌℃敼銆?/p>

涓嶉渶瑕佺殑鏈嶅姟寮€鐫€銆?/p>

鏃ュ織娌″紑銆?/p>

鏉冮檺缁欏緱澶ぇ銆?/p>

杩滅▼绠＄悊鏆撮湶鍦ㄥ叕缃戙€?/p>

鎶婅繖浜涜缃敼鍒板畨鍏ㄧ姸鎬侊紝灏辨槸瀹夊叏閰嶇疆銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Secure Configuration锛氬畨鍏ㄩ厤缃€?/p>

Secure Defaults锛氬畨鍏ㄩ粯璁ゅ€笺€?/p>

Default Password锛氶粯璁ゅ瘑鐮併€?/p>

Logging锛氭棩蹇楄褰曘€?/p>

Encryption锛氬姞瀵嗐€?/p>

Least Privilege锛氭渶灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

Configuration Drift锛氶厤缃紓绉汇€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭柊鎵嬫満寮€鏈哄厛璁惧畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛柊鎵嬫満鑳界敤锛屼絾鍏堣璁鹃攣灞忋€佹寚绾广€侀殣绉佹潈闄愬拰澶囦唤銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭湇鍔″櫒绌垮埗鏈嶃€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傜敾闈㈠お娉涳紝涓嶇煡閬撳埗鏈嶉噷鏈変粈涔堛€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬畨鍏ㄥ紑鍏抽潰鏉裤€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃绀鸿缃紝浣嗘病鏈夌敓娲绘劅銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滄柊鎵嬫満寮€鏈哄厛璁惧畨鍏ㄢ€濄€傚皬鐧借兘绔嬪埢鐞嗚В锛氳兘鐢ㄤ笉绛変簬璁剧疆瀹夊叏銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Secure Configuration = 鏂版墜鏈哄紑鏈哄厛璁惧畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭墜鏈哄垰涔版潵鑳芥墦鐢佃瘽锛屼絾鍏堣璁鹃攣灞忋€佸叧澶氫綑鏉冮檺銆佸紑澶囦唤鍜屽畾浣嶄繚鎶わ紱鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ篃涓€鏍凤紝鑳借窇鍙槸绗竴姝ワ紝瀹夊叏璁剧疆瑕佸崟鐙皟濂姐€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Secure Configuration 鏄绯荤粺鎸夊畨鍏ㄨ姹傝缃处鎴枫€佹潈闄愩€佹湇鍔°€佺鍙ｃ€佹棩蹇椼€佸姞瀵嗗拰璁よ瘉銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏂拌浜嗗悗鍙扮鐞嗙郴缁熴€?/p>

椤甸潰鑳芥墦寮€銆?/p>

鐧诲綍涔熸甯搞€?/p>

浣嗗畨鍏ㄥ悓浜嬪彂鐜扮鐞嗗憳榛樿瀵嗙爜杩樻病鏀广€?/p>

娴嬭瘯鎺ュ彛杩樺紑鐫€銆?/p>

鏅€氬鏈嶈处鍙疯兘瀵煎嚭鍏ㄩ儴瀹㈡埛鏁版嵁銆?/p>

鐧诲綍澶辫触娌℃湁璁板綍銆?/p>

鏁版嵁搴撹繛鎺ユ病鏈夊姞瀵嗐€?/p>

杩欎簺閮戒笉鏄€滅郴缁熷潖浜嗏€濄€?/p>

瀹冧滑鏄厤缃笉瀹夊叏銆?/p>

鎶婅繖浜涜缃竴椤归」鏀瑰ソ锛屾墠鍙畨鍏ㄩ厤缃€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?secure settings锛堝畨鍏ㄨ缃級锛屽厛鎯?Secure Configuration锛堝畨鍏ㄩ厤缃級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?approved configuration锛堟壒鍑嗛厤缃級銆丆IS Benchmark锛堜簰鑱旂綉瀹夊叏涓績鍩哄噯锛夛紝涔熷彲鑳借€?Secure Configuration锛堝畨鍏ㄩ厤缃級鎴?Configuration Baseline锛堥厤缃熀绾匡級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?default password锛堥粯璁ゅ瘑鐮侊級銆乽nnecessary services锛堜笉蹇呰鏈嶅姟锛夈€乴ogging disabled锛堟棩蹇楁湭鍚敤锛夛紝鍏堟兂瀹夊叏閰嶇疆闂銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇撮獙璇佺郴缁熸槸鍚︿繚鎸佸畨鍏ㄥ熀绾匡紝甯哥湅閰嶇疆妫€鏌ユ垨閰嶇疆绠＄悊宸ュ叿銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Secure Configuration锛氬畨鍏ㄨ缃粨鏋溿€?/p>

Hardening锛氭妸绯荤粺璋冧弗鐨勫姩浣溿€?/p>

Configuration Baseline锛氭妸鎵瑰噯閰嶇疆淇濆瓨鎴愭爣鍑嗙収鐗囥€?/p>

Security Baseline锛氭渶浣庡畨鍏ㄧ嚎銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬畨鍏ㄩ厤缃笉鏄煇涓崟鐙伐鍏凤紝鑰屾槸涓€缁勫叿浣撹缃€傞鐩湅鍒扳€滆缃€侀粯璁ゅ€笺€佹湇鍔°€佺鍙ｃ€佹棩蹇椼€佹潈闄愨€濓紝灏卞線瀹冭韩涓婃兂銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Mobile Device Management / MDM / 绉诲姩璁惧绠＄悊

MDM 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滅鎵嬫満鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歁DM 鏄叕鍙哥敤鏉ョ粺涓€绠＄悊鎵嬫満銆佸钩鏉垮拰绉诲姩璁惧鐨勫钩鍙般€傚畠鑳戒笅鍙戣鍒欍€佹鏌ュ悎瑙勩€佽繙绋嬮攣瀹氭垨鎿﹂櫎鍏徃鏁版嵁銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

MDM = Mobile Device Management锛堢Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩鐞嗭級銆?/p>

Mobile Device 鏄Щ鍔ㄨ澶囷紝姣斿鎵嬫満銆佸钩鏉裤€佺瑪璁版湰銆?/p>

Management 鏄鐞嗐€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍛樺伐鎵嬫満涓€澶氾紝鍏徃涓嶈兘涓€涓釜鎵嬪伐璁剧疆銆?/p>

MDM 灏卞儚涓€涓Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩鐞嗗彴锛屾妸璁惧鐧昏杩涙潵锛屽啀缁熶竴涓嬪彂瀹夊叏瑕佹眰銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

MDM锛歁obile Device Management锛堢Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩鐞嗭級銆?/p>

Remote Wipe锛氳繙绋嬫摝闄ゃ€?/p>

Device Encryption锛氳澶囧姞瀵嗐€?/p>

PIN / Passcode锛氶攣灞忓瘑鐮併€?/p>

Policy Enforcement锛氱瓥鐣ュ己鍒舵墽琛屻€?/p>

Managed Device锛氬彈绠¤澶囥€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕鍙告墜鏈洪仴鎺у彴銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借〃杈鹃泦涓鐞嗐€佽繙绋嬮攣瀹氥€佽繙绋嬫摝闄ゃ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭墜鏈虹彮涓讳换銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖涓娉曟湁鐢婚潰锛屼絾涓嶅璐翠紒涓氱鐞嗭紝涔熷鏄撴樉寰楅殢鎰忋€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳澶囨€诲紑鍏炽€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈鹃泦涓帶鍒讹紝浣嗕笉澶熷叿浣撱€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃叕鍙告墜鏈洪仴鎺у彴鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸 MDM 鐨勮繙绋嬬鐞嗚兘鍔涜娓呮銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

MDM = 鍏徃鎵嬫満閬ユ帶鍙般€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬憳宸ユ墜鏈哄厛鐧昏杩涘叕鍙搁仴鎺у彴锛屽叕鍙告墠鑳界粺涓€瑕佹眰閿佸睆銆佸姞瀵嗐€佸畨瑁呭伐浣滃簲鐢ㄣ€佹鏌ュ悎瑙勶紝涓簡杩樿兘杩滅▼閿佷綇鎴栨摝鎺夊叕鍙告暟鎹€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細MDM 鏄鐞嗙Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩殑浼佷笟骞冲彴锛岀敤鏉ユ墽琛屽畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ャ€佸簲鐢ㄦ帶鍒躲€佽澶囨竻鍗曘€佸悎瑙勬鏌ュ拰杩滅▼淇濇姢銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵缁欏鏈嶉厤浜嗗伐浣滄墜鏈恒€?/p>

瀹㈡湇姣忓ぉ鐢ㄦ墜鏈虹湅璁㈠崟銆佽仈绯诲鎴枫€佸鐞嗛€€娆俱€?/p>

濡傛灉鎵嬫満涓簡锛岄噷闈㈠彲鑳芥湁瀹㈡埛璧勬枡銆?/p>

鍏徃鍏堟妸鎵嬫満娉ㄥ唽鍒?MDM銆?/p>

MDM 瑕佹眰蹇呴』鏈夐攣灞忓瘑鐮併€?/p>

璁惧蹇呴』鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

鍙兘瑁呮壒鍑嗙殑宸ヤ綔搴旂敤銆?/p>

濡傛灉鎵嬫満涓㈠け锛岀鐞嗗憳鍙互杩滅▼閿佸畾銆?/p>

蹇呰鏃讹紝杩樺彲浠ヨ繙绋嬫摝闄ゅ叕鍙告暟鎹€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩鐞嗐€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Mobile Device Management锛堢Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩鐞嗭級鎴?MDM锛屽厛鎯崇Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩粺涓€绠＄悊銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?remote wipe锛堣繙绋嬫摝闄わ級銆乺emote lock锛堣繙绋嬮攣瀹氾級锛屽父鐪?MDM銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?enforce encryption锛堝己鍒跺姞瀵嗭級銆乸ush apps锛堟帹閫佸簲鐢級銆乺emove apps锛堢Щ闄ゅ簲鐢級銆乨evice compliance锛堣澶囧悎瑙勶級锛屽父鐪?MDM銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村ぇ閲忓叕鍙哥Щ鍔ㄨ澶囪缁熶竴瀹夊叏绛栫暐锛屽厛鎯?MDM銆?/p>

濡傛灉棰樼洰闂澶囧凡缁忎涪浜嗐€佷絾杩滅▼鎿﹂櫎涓嶄竴瀹氭潵寰楀強锛屼繚鎶ら潤鎬佹暟鎹父浼樺厛鐪?full device encryption锛堟暣鏈哄姞瀵嗭級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

MDM锛氱鐞嗙Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩殑骞冲彴銆?/p>

BYOD锛氬憳宸ョ敤鑷繁鐨勮澶囧姙鍏紝鏄竴绉嶄娇鐢ㄦā寮忋€?/p>

NAC锛歂etwork Access Control锛堢綉缁滆闂帶鍒讹級锛屾帶鍒惰澶囪兘涓嶈兘杩涚綉缁溿€?/p>

GPO锛欸roup Policy Object锛堢粍绛栫暐瀵硅薄锛夛紝甯歌浜?Windows 鍩熺幆澧冦€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歁DM 绠＄殑鏄凡缁忕撼鍏ョ鐞嗙殑璁惧銆傚憳宸ュ畬鍏ㄦ湭娉ㄥ唽鐨勭浜鸿澶囷紝鍏徃閫氬父涓嶈兘闅忎究杩滅▼鎺у埗銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細BYOD / Bring Your Own Device / 鑷甫璁惧鍔炲叕

BYOD 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滅敤鑷繁鐨勬墜鏈衡€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欱YOD 鏄憳宸ユ嬁鑷繁鐨勮澶囪闂叕鍙歌祫婧愩€傞棶棰樹笉鏄澶囪兘涓嶈兘鐢紝鑰屾槸鍏徃鏁版嵁鍜屼釜浜洪殣绉佹贩鍦ㄤ竴璧蜂互鍚庯紝杈圭晫鎬庝箞鐢汇€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

BYOD = Bring Your Own Device锛堣嚜甯﹁澶囧姙鍏級銆?/p>

Bring 鏄甫鏉ャ€?/p>

Your Own Device 鏄綘鑷繁鐨勮澶囥€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍛樺伐鍙兘鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鎵嬫満鏀跺叕鍙搁偖浠躲€佺敤鑷繁鐨勭數鑴戣繛鍏徃绯荤粺銆?/p>

杩欏緢鏂逛究锛屼絾椋庨櫓涔熸槑鏄俱€?/p>

鍏徃鎯充繚鎶ゆ暟鎹€?/p>

鍛樺伐涓嶆兂鍏徃闅忎究鐪嬩釜浜虹収鐗囥€佽亰澶╁拰浣嶇疆銆?/p>

鎵€浠?BYOD 涓€瀹氳闈?policy锛堟斂绛栵級鍜屾妧鏈竟鐣屾潵绠°€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

BYOD锛欱ring Your Own Device锛堣嚜甯﹁澶囧姙鍏級銆?/p>

Personally Owned Device锛氫釜浜烘嫢鏈夌殑璁惧銆?/p>

Containerization锛氬鍣ㄥ寲锛屾妸鍏徃鏁版嵁鍜屼釜浜烘暟鎹殧寮€銆?/p>

MAM锛歁obile Application Management锛堢Щ鍔ㄥ簲鐢ㄧ鐞嗭級锛岀搴旂敤鍜屽簲鐢ㄩ噷鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>

Device Fingerprinting锛氳澶囨寚绾癸紝鐢ㄦ祻瑙堝櫒銆佺‖浠躲€佽蒋浠剁壒寰佽瘑鍒澶囥€?/p>

Virtual Hosted Application锛氳櫄鎷熸墭绠″簲鐢紝搴旂敤璺戝湪鍏徃鐜閲岋紝缁堢鍙湅鍒扮敾闈㈠拰杈撳叆銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳嚜宸辩殑鏉瓙杩涘疄楠屽銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛澂瀛愭槸鑷繁鐨勶紝浣嗚繘瀹為獙瀹ゅ氨瑕侀伒瀹堣鍒欙紝涓嶈兘鎶婃牱鏈甫鍑哄幓銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳嚜甯﹂キ鐩掍笂鐝€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈句釜浜虹墿鍝侊紝浣嗕笉澶熶綋鐜版暟鎹竟鐣屻€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬叕鍙搁€佹墜鏈恒€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞偅鏇村儚 COPE锛堝叕鍙告嫢鏈夈€佷釜浜哄惎鐢級鎴栧叕鍙歌澶囷紝涓嶆槸 BYOD銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滆嚜宸辩殑鏉瓙杩涘疄楠屽鈥濄€傚畠鑳借〃杈剧浜鸿澶囪繘鍏ュ叕鍙镐笟鍔＄幆澧冨悗蹇呴』鏈夎竟鐣屻€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

BYOD = 鑷繁鐨勬澂瀛愯繘瀹為獙瀹ゃ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭澂瀛愭槸鍛樺伐鑷繁鐨勶紝浣嗘嬁杩涘疄楠屽灏辫璐存爣绛俱€佹寜瑙勫垯浣跨敤锛屼笉鑳芥妸鍏徃鏍锋湰甯﹀洖瀹讹紱璁惧涔熸槸鑷繁鐨勶紝浣嗚闂叕鍙告暟鎹椂蹇呴』闅旂銆佺櫥璁板拰鍙楃瓥鐣ョ害鏉熴€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細BYOD 鏄憳宸ヤ釜浜鸿澶囪闂紒涓氳祫婧愮殑妯″紡锛岄噸鐐归闄╂槸鏁版嵁淇濇姢銆侀殣绉佽竟鐣屻€佸彲绠＄悊鎬с€佹硶寰嬪彂鐜板拰娈嬬暀鏁版嵁銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍏佽瀹㈡湇鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鎵嬫満鐪嬭鍗曘€?/p>

涓€寮€濮嬪ぇ瀹惰寰楀緢鏂逛究銆?/p>

鍚庢潵闂鏉ヤ簡銆?/p>

鎵嬫満涓簡锛屽鎴疯祫鏂欐€庝箞鍔烇紵

鍛樺伐绂昏亴锛屽叕鍙告暟鎹€庝箞娓呮帀锛?/p>

鍏徃鑳戒笉鑳芥摝鎺夋暣鍙扮浜烘墜鏈猴紵

鍛樺伐浼氫笉浼氳寰楀叕鍙镐镜鐘殣绉侊紵

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨缁?BYOD 鍐欎簡鏀跨瓥銆?/p>

鍏徃鏁版嵁鏀惧湪宸ヤ綔瀹瑰櫒閲屻€?/p>

鍙湁鍚堣璁惧鑳界櫥褰曘€?/p>

绂昏亴鏃跺彧娓呭叕鍙告暟鎹紝涓嶇涓汉鐓х墖銆?/p>

濡傛灉棰樼洰瑕佹眰缁堢瀹屽叏涓嶇暀鍏徃鏁版嵁锛屽氨璁╁憳宸ラ€氳繃杩滅▼搴旂敤璁块棶銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?BYOD銆丅ring Your Own Device锛堣嚜甯﹁澶囧姙鍏級锛屽厛鎯冲憳宸ヤ釜浜鸿澶囪闂叕鍙歌祫婧愩€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?personally owned device锛堜釜浜烘嫢鏈夎澶囷級锛屽厛鎯?BYOD銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?BYOD 濡備綍鍞竴璇嗗埆璁惧锛屽父鐪?registration锛堟敞鍐岋級鍜?device fingerprinting锛堣澶囨寚绾癸級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠笉甯屾湜鍏徃鏁版嵁娈嬬暀鍦ㄧ粓绔紝甯哥湅 virtual hosted application锛堣櫄鎷熸墭绠″簲鐢級鎴?remote access锛堣繙绋嬭闂級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村叕鍙歌缁熶竴绠＄悊宸叉敞鍐岀Щ鍔ㄨ澶囷紝鍙兘鐪?MDM銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

BYOD锛氬憳宸ヨ嚜宸辩殑璁惧銆?/p>

COPE锛欳orporate Owned, Personally Enabled锛堝叕鍙告嫢鏈夈€佷釜浜轰娇鐢級銆?/p>

COBO锛欳orporate Owned, Business Only锛堝叕鍙告嫢鏈夈€佷粎鍔炲叕鐢級銆?/p>

MDM锛氱鐞嗚澶囩殑骞冲彴銆?/p>

Containerization锛氭妸鍏徃鏁版嵁鍜屼釜浜烘暟鎹殧寮€鐨勪竴绉嶅姙娉曘€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欱YOD 鐨勯毦鐐逛笉鏄€滆兘涓嶈兘杩炰笂鈥濓紝鑰屾槸璁惧鎵€鏈夋潈銆侀殣绉併€佹暟鎹畫鐣欏拰绂昏亴娓呯悊銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細EDR / Endpoint Detection and Response / 绔偣妫€娴嬩笌鍝嶅簲

EDR 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滄潃姣掕蒋浠垛€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欵DR 鏄鍦ㄧ數鑴戙€佹湇鍔″櫒绛夌鐐逛笂鐨勭洃鎺у拰鍝嶅簲宸ュ叿銆傚畠涓嶅彧鐪嬫湁娌℃湁鐥呮瘨鏂囦欢锛岃繕鐪嬭繘绋嬨€佽涓恒€佺綉缁滆繛鎺ュ拰寮傚父鍔ㄤ綔銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

EDR = Endpoint Detection and Response锛堢鐐规娴嬩笌鍝嶅簲锛夈€?/p>

Endpoint 鏄鐐癸紝姣斿鍛樺伐鐢佃剳銆佹湇鍔″櫒銆佺瑪璁版湰銆?/p>

Detection 鏄娴嬨€?/p>

Response 鏄搷搴斻€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鏀诲嚮涓嶄竴瀹氳〃鐜版垚涓€涓凡鐭ョ梾姣掓枃浠躲€?/p>

瀹冨彲鑳芥槸寮傚父杩涚▼銆佸彲鐤戣剼鏈€佹í鍚戠Щ鍔ㄣ€佸伔鍋疯繛澶栫綉銆佷慨鏀圭郴缁熷叧閿綅缃€?/p>

EDR 灏辨槸鍦ㄧ鐐逛笂鏀堕泦杩欎簺绾跨储锛屽苟鏀寔闅旂銆佽皟鏌ュ拰澶勭疆銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

EDR锛欵ndpoint Detection and Response锛堢鐐规娴嬩笌鍝嶅簲锛夈€?/p>

Endpoint锛氱鐐癸紝鐢佃剳銆佹湇鍔″櫒銆佺瑪璁版湰绛夋渶缁堣澶囥€?/p>

Telemetry锛氶仴娴嬫暟鎹紝绔偣鎸佺画涓婃姤鐨勮涓虹嚎绱€?/p>

Isolation锛氶殧绂伙紝鎶婂彲鐤戜富鏈轰粠缃戠粶涓殧寮€銆?/p>

Threat Intelligence锛氬▉鑳佹儏鎶ワ紝宸茬煡鏀诲嚮鐗瑰緛鍜屾敾鍑昏€呬俊鎭€?/p>

IOC锛欼ndicator of Compromise锛堝け闄锋寚鏍囷級锛岃鏄庣郴缁熷彲鑳借鏀婚櫡鐨勭嚎绱€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱粓绔杞﹁褰曚华鍔犲搷搴旀寜閽€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝杞﹁褰曚华璐熻矗璁板綍杩囩▼锛屽搷搴旀寜閽礋璐ｇ珛鍗冲鐞嗐€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱數鑴戞憚鍍忓ご銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚鏄撹浜鸿浼氭垚鐪熺殑鎷嶈棰戯紝涓嶅鍑嗙‘銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱鐐规€ユ晳绠便€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鏈夊搷搴斿懗閬擄紝浣嗙己灏戞寔缁娴嬨€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滅粓绔杞﹁褰曚华鍔犲搷搴旀寜閽€濄€傚畠鑳藉悓鏃惰浣忔娴嬨€佽褰曘€佽皟鏌ュ拰鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

EDR = 缁堢琛岃溅璁板綍浠姞鍝嶅簲鎸夐挳銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭瘡鍙扮數鑴戦兘瑁呬簡琛岃溅璁板綍浠紝璁板綍杩涚▼銆佹枃浠跺拰缃戠粶琛屼负锛涘彂鐜板紓甯告椂锛屼笉鍙槸鎶ヨ锛岃繕鑳介殧绂讳富鏈恒€佺粨鏉熻繘绋嬨€佷繚鐣欒瘉鎹€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細EDR 鏄湪绔偣涓婃寔缁敹闆嗚涓烘暟鎹紝妫€娴嬪彲鐤戞椿鍔紝骞舵彁渚涢殧绂汇€佽皟鏌ュ拰鍝嶅簲鑳藉姏鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ伐鍏枫€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵涓€鍙板鏈嶇數鑴戠獊鐒跺紑濮嬪ぇ閲忚闂檶鐢熷湴鍧€銆?/p>

浼犵粺鏉€姣掓病鏈夋姤鍑哄凡鐭ョ梾姣掋€?/p>

EDR 鐪嬪埌鍙︿竴鏉＄嚎绱€?/p>

涓€涓剼鏈粠涓存椂鐩綍鍚姩銆?/p>

瀹冭鍙栨祻瑙堝櫒鍑嵁銆?/p>

鍙堝皾璇曡繛鎺ュ唴閮ㄦ枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

EDR 鍏堟妸杩欏彴鐢佃剳浠庣綉缁滈殧绂汇€?/p>

鍐嶄繚鐣欒繘绋嬨€佹枃浠跺拰缃戠粶杩炴帴璁板綍銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鏍规嵁杩欎簺璁板綍鍒ゆ柇鏀诲嚮浠庡摢閲屾潵銆佸奖鍝嶄簡鍝簺璐﹀彿銆佷笅涓€姝ヨ娓呯悊浠€涔堛€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Endpoint Detection and Response锛堢鐐规娴嬩笌鍝嶅簲锛夋垨 EDR锛屽厛鎯崇鐐圭洃鎺у拰鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?endpoint telemetry锛堢鐐归仴娴嬫暟鎹級锛屽厛鎯?EDR銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?isolate host锛堥殧绂讳富鏈猴級銆乲ill process锛堢粨鏉熻繘绋嬶級銆乧ollect evidence锛堟敹闆嗚瘉鎹級锛屽父鐪?EDR銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村垎鏋愮鐐瑰唴瀛樸€佹枃浠剁郴缁熴€佽繘绋嬪拰缃戠粶娲诲姩锛屽父鐪?EDR銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶闆嗕腑鏀堕泦鏃ュ織鍜屽叧鑱斿垎鏋愶紝鍙兘鏄?SIEM銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

EDR锛氱鐐规娴嬨€佽皟鏌ュ拰鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

Antivirus锛氭潃姣掞紝浼犵粺涓婃洿鍋忓凡鐭ユ伓鎰忔枃浠跺拰鐗瑰緛銆?/p>

SIEM锛氶泦涓敹闆嗘棩蹇楀苟鍏宠仈鍒嗘瀽銆?/p>

IDS / IPS锛氭娴嬫垨闃绘鍏ヤ镜锛屽父瑙佸湪缃戠粶鎴栦富鏈哄眰闈€?/p>

UEBA锛歎ser and Entity Behavior Analytics锛堢敤鎴蜂笌瀹炰綋琛屼负鍒嗘瀽锛夛紝閲嶇偣鏄敤鎴峰拰瀹炰綋琛屼负寮傚父銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒?endpoint锛堢鐐癸級鍔?detect/respond锛堟娴嬪拰鍝嶅簲锛夛紝浼樺厛鎯?EDR锛涚湅鍒?centralized logs锛堥泦涓棩蹇楋級锛屼紭鍏堟兂 SIEM銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細NAC / Network Access Control / 缃戠粶鎺ュ叆鎺у埗

NAC 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滅綉缁滈噷鏈変釜鎺у埗鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歂AC 绠＄殑鏄澶囪兘涓嶈兘鎺ュ叆缃戠粶銆備笉鏄綉绾挎彃涓婂氨鑳借繘锛岃€屾槸鍏堟鏌ヨ韩浠藉拰璁惧鐘舵€侊紝鍚堟牸鎵嶆斁琛岋紝涓嶅悎鏍煎氨闅旂銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

NAC = Network Access Control锛堢綉缁滄帴鍏ユ帶鍒讹級銆?/p>

Network Access 鏄帴鍏ョ綉缁溿€?/p>

Control 鏄帶鍒躲€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍛樺伐鎶婄數鑴戞帴涓婂叕鍙哥綉绾匡紝鎴栬€呰繛涓婂叕鍙?Wi-Fi锛屼笉浠ｈ〃瀹冨氨搴旇鐩存帴杩涘叆鍐呯綉銆?/p>

杩欏彴鐢佃剳鍙兘娌℃墦琛ヤ竵銆?/p>

鍙兘娌℃湁鏉€姣掋€?/p>

鍙兘涓嶆槸鍏徃璁惧銆?/p>

涔熷彲鑳芥槸闄岀敓浜哄甫鏉ョ殑璁惧銆?/p>

NAC 灏辨槸鍦ㄢ€滆繘缃戦棬鍙ｂ€濆厛鏌ヨ繖浜涙潯浠躲€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

NAC锛歂etwork Access Control锛堢綉缁滄帴鍏ユ帶鍒讹級銆?/p>

Device Posture锛氳澶囧畨鍏ㄧ姸鎬侊紝鐢佃剳鐜板湪澶熶笉澶熷畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

Pre-admission锛氬噯鍏ュ墠妫€鏌ワ紝杩樻病杩涘唴缃戜箣鍓嶅厛鏌ャ€?/p>

Post-admission锛氬噯鍏ュ悗妫€鏌ワ紝杩涘幓鍚庢寔缁洃鎺у拰闄愬埗銆?/p>

Quarantine Network锛氶殧绂荤綉缁滐紝涓嶅悎鏍艰澶囧厛寰呭湪杩欓噷銆?/p>

Remediation锛氫慨澶嶏紝璁╄澶囪ˉ涓併€佹潃姣掓垨閰嶇疆杈炬爣銆?/p>

802.1X锛歅ort-Based Network Access Control锛堝熀浜庣鍙ｇ殑缃戠粶璁块棶鎺у埗锛夛紝甯哥敤浜庢帴鍏ュ彛璁よ瘉銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛歂AC = na chu锛堟嬁鍑猴級璇佷欢鍜屼綋妫€鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸韬唤鍜岃澶囧仴搴风姸鎬侀兘甯﹀嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱綉缁滈棬鍙ｄ綋妫€銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠寰堣创灏忕櫧鐞嗚В锛屼絾娌℃湁鎸備綇 NAC 鐨勮闊炽€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭彃绾垮氨杩涖€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖涓槸閿欒鐢婚潰锛孨AC 姝ｆ槸闃叉鎻掔嚎灏辫繘銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滄嬁鍑鸿瘉浠跺拰浣撴鍗曗€濄€傜湅鍒?NAC锛屽氨鎯宠澶囪繘缃戝墠瑕佹嬁鍑鸿韩浠藉拰鍋ュ悍璇佹槑銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

NAC = na chu锛堟嬁鍑猴級璇佷欢鍜屼綋妫€鍗曘€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳澶囨兂杩涘叕鍙哥綉缁滐紝鍏堟嬁鍑衡€滀綘鏄皝鈥濈殑璇佷欢锛屽啀鎷垮嚭鈥滆ˉ涓併€佹潃姣掋€侀厤缃槸鍚﹀悎鏍尖€濈殑浣撴鍗曪紝鍚堟牸杩涘唴缃戯紝涓嶅悎鏍煎厛杩涢殧绂荤綉淇ソ銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細NAC 鏄湪璁惧鎺ュ叆缃戠粶鍓嶅悗妫€鏌ヨ韩浠藉拰瀹夊叏鐘舵€侊紝骞舵寜绛栫暐鍏佽銆侀檺鍒躲€侀殧绂绘垨淇璁惧鐨勬帶鍒剁郴缁熴€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏂版潵浜嗕复鏃跺鏈嶃€?/p>

浠栨妸鑷繁鐨勭瑪璁版湰鎻掕繘鍏徃缃戝彛銆?/p>

浠ュ墠鐨勫仛娉曟槸锛氭彃涓婂氨鑳借闂唴缃戙€?/p>

鐜板湪涓嶈銆?/p>

NAC 鍏堥棶杩欏彴鐢佃剳鏄皝鐨勩€?/p>

鏈夋病鏈夊叕鍙歌瘉涔︺€?/p>

琛ヤ竵鏄笉鏄お鏃с€?/p>

纾佺洏鏈夋病鏈夊姞瀵嗐€?/p>

鏉€姣掓湁娌℃湁寮€鍚€?/p>

濡傛灉閮藉悎鏍硷紝瀹冨彲浠ヨ繘鍏ュ鏈嶇郴缁熴€?/p>

濡傛灉涓嶅悎鏍硷紝瀹冨彧鑳借繘鍏ヤ慨澶嶇綉缁滐紝鍏堟洿鏂拌ˉ涓併€佽濂藉畨鍏ㄨ蒋浠讹紝鍐嶉噸鏂扮敵璇锋帴鍏ャ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Network Access Control锛堢綉缁滄帴鍏ユ帶鍒讹級鎴?NAC锛屽厛鎯宠澶囨帴鍏ョ綉缁滃墠鍚庢鏌ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?device posture锛堣澶囧畨鍏ㄧ姸鎬侊級銆乭ealth check锛堝仴搴锋鏌ワ級銆乧ompliance before connecting锛堣繛鎺ュ墠鍚堣妫€鏌ワ級锛屽厛鎯?NAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?quarantine noncompliant device锛堥殧绂讳笉鍚堣璁惧锛夛紝鍏堟兂 NAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?802.1X銆丳ort-Based Network Access Control锛堝熀浜庣鍙ｇ殑缃戠粶璁块棶鎺у埗锛夛紝甯哥湅鎺ュ叆鍙ｈ璇併€?/p>

棰樼洰鍙鍜栧暋搴?Wi-Fi 寮瑰嚭鎺ュ彈鍗忚椤甸潰锛屽彲鑳芥槸 captive portal锛堝己鍒堕棬鎴凤級锛屼笉涓€瀹氭槸 NAC銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

NAC锛氱璁惧鑳戒笉鑳芥帴鍏ョ綉缁溿€?/p>

802.1X锛氫竴绉嶅父瑙佹帴鍏ュ彛璁よ瘉鎶€鏈€?/p>

MDM锛氱鐞嗙Щ鍔ㄨ澶囩殑骞冲彴銆?/p>

Firewall锛氱娴侀噺鑳戒笉鑳介€氳繃杈圭晫銆?/p>

Captive Portal锛氬己鍒堕棬鎴凤紝甯歌鐢ㄦ埛鍏堢湅椤甸潰銆佹帴鍙楁潯娆炬垨鐧诲綍銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歂AC 涓嶆槸鍗曠函鐪?MAC 鍦板潃锛屼篃涓嶆槸鏅€氶槻鐏瑙勫垯銆傚畠閲嶇偣鐪嬧€滆澶囪繘缃戝墠鏄惁鍚堟牸鈥濄€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Remote Access / 杩滅▼璁块棶

Remote Access 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佷竴鐪嬪埌杩滅▼灏卞彧鎯?VPN銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氳繙绋嬭闂槸浜哄湪鍏徃澶栭潰锛屾兂杩涘叆鍏徃璧勬簮銆俈PN銆佽繙绋嬫闈€乂DI銆佷簯妗岄潰銆佽繙绋嬬鐞嗭紝閮藉彲鑳芥槸杩滅▼璁块棶鐨勫叿浣撳仛娉曘€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Remote Access = 杩滅▼璁块棶銆?/p>

Remote 鏄繙澶勩€?/p>

Access 鏄闂€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍛樺伐涓嶅湪鍏徃鍔炲叕瀹わ紝涔熷彲鑳借澶勭悊璁㈠崟銆佹煡閭欢銆佽繛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€佺湅鎶ヨ〃銆?/p>

闂鏄細澶栭潰鐨勭綉缁滀笉鍙楀叕鍙告帶鍒躲€?/p>

澶栭潰鐨勭數鑴戜篃鍙兘涓嶅瀹夊叏銆?/p>

鎵€浠ヨ繙绋嬭闂笉鏄€滆兘杩炰笂灏辫鈥濓紝鑰屾槸瑕佹帶鍒惰皝鑳借繛銆佺敤浠€涔堟柟寮忚繛銆佽繛鍒板摢閲屻€佽兘鍋氫粈涔堛€佺暀涓嬩粈涔堣褰曘€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Remote Access锛氳繙绋嬭闂€?/p>

Telecommuting锛氳繙绋嬪姙鍏€?/p>

RAS锛歊emote Access Server锛堣繙绋嬭闂湇鍔″櫒锛夈€?/p>

Remote Desktop锛氳繙绋嬫闈紝杩滅▼鎺у埗鍙︿竴鍙版満鍣ㄣ€?/p>

VDI锛歏irtual Desktop Infrastructure锛堣櫄鎷熸闈㈠熀纭€璁炬柦锛夛紝妗岄潰璺戝湪鏁版嵁涓績锛岀敤鎴疯繙绋嬬湅鐢婚潰鍜屾搷浣溿€?/p>

RDP锛歊emote Desktop Protocol锛堣繙绋嬫闈㈠崗璁級銆?/p>

SSH锛歋ecure Shell锛堝畨鍏ㄥ澹冲崗璁級锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬瀹夊叏杩滅▼绠＄悊銆?/p>

MFA锛歁ulti-Factor Authentication锛堝鍥犵礌璁よ瘉锛夈€?/p>

RAT锛歊emote Access Trojan锛堣繙绋嬭闂湪椹級銆傚畠鏄敾鍑昏€呭伔鍋锋帶鍒舵満鍣ㄧ殑鎭舵剰宸ュ叿锛屼笉鏄瑙勮繙绋嬪姙鍏柟妗堛€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳繙闂ㄨ繘鍏徃銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借〃杈句汉鍦ㄥ闈紝鐩爣鍦ㄥ叕鍙搁噷闈€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬闈㈠紑鍐呴棬銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈惧叆鍙ｏ紝浣嗕笉澶熷畬鏁淬€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳繙绋嬬瓑浜?VPN銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄父瑙佽瑙ｃ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滆繙闂ㄨ繘鍏徃鈥濄€傜劧鍚庤ˉ涓€鍙ワ細杩涢棬鏂瑰紡寰堝锛孷PN 鍙槸鍏朵腑涓€绉嶃€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Remote Access = 杩滈棬杩涘叕鍙搞€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫汉鍦ㄨ繙澶勶紝鎯宠繘鍏徃绯荤粺锛屼笉鑳藉彧鐪嬫湁娌℃湁璺紱杩樿鐪嬭韩浠姐€佽澶囥€佸姞瀵嗐€佹潈闄愩€佹棩蹇楀拰鑳戒笉鑳藉彧杩涜杩涚殑鎴块棿銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Remote Access 鏄粠澶栭儴寤虹珛鍒扮粍缁囪祫婧愮殑璁块棶鑳藉姏锛岄渶瑕佽璇併€佹巿鏉冦€佸姞瀵嗐€侀檺鍒躲€佺洃鎺у拰绛栫暐绠＄悊銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瀹㈡湇鍦ㄥ鍔炲叕銆?/p>

濂硅鏌ョ湅璁㈠崟銆?/p>

鍏徃鍙互缁欏ス VPN銆?/p>

涔熷彲浠ョ粰濂?VDI銆?/p>

涔熷彲浠ヨ濂圭櫥褰曚竴涓彧寮€鏀惧鏈嶇郴缁熺殑杩滅▼搴旂敤銆?/p>

杩欎簺閮藉睘浜庤繙绋嬭闂柟妗堛€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鍏堜笉闂€滀拱鍝釜宸ュ叿鈥濄€?/p>

浠栧厛闂細璋佽兘杩滅▼杩涙潵锛?/p>

鐢ㄤ粈涔堣璇侊紵

閫氫俊鏈夋病鏈夊姞瀵嗭紵

鑳戒笉鑳藉彧杩涘鏈嶇郴缁燂紵

璁惧涓簡鎬庝箞鍔烇紵

璁块棶璁板綍鍦ㄥ摢閲岀湅锛?/p>

杩欐墠鏄繙绋嬭闂畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?remote access锛堣繙绋嬭闂級銆乼elecommuting锛堣繙绋嬪姙鍏級銆丷AS锛堣繙绋嬭闂湇鍔″櫒锛夛紝鍏堟兂浠庡閮ㄨ闂唴閮ㄨ祫婧愩€?/p>

棰樼洰闂繙绋嬭闂殑瀹夊叏瑕佹眰锛屽父鐪?MFA锛堝鍥犵礌璁よ瘉锛夈€乪ncryption锛堝姞瀵嗭級銆乴east privilege锛堟渶灏忔潈闄愶級銆乴ogging锛堟棩蹇楋級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?remote desktop锛堣繙绋嬫闈級鎴?remote control锛堣繙绋嬫帶鍒讹級锛岄噸鐐规槸鎺у埗鍙︿竴鍙拌繙澶勭殑绯荤粺銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SSH锛堝畨鍏ㄥ澹冲崗璁級鎴?RDP锛堣繙绋嬫闈㈠崗璁級锛岄噸鐐规槸杩滅▼绠＄悊鎴栬繙绋嬫帶鍒舵柟寮忋€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?RAT銆丷emote Access Trojan锛堣繙绋嬭闂湪椹級锛屼笉瑕佸綋鎴愭甯歌繙绋嬭闂紝瀹冩槸鎭舵剰鎺у埗銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?remote node锛堣繙绋嬭妭鐐癸級锛岄噸鐐规槸杩滅▼璁惧鍍忔帴鍏ュ眬鍩熺綉涓€鏍蜂娇鐢ㄧ綉缁滄湇鍔°€?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶寤虹珛鍔犲瘑闅ч亾锛屽彲鑳芥槸 VPN銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Remote Access锛氳繙绋嬭闂€绘蹇点€?/p>

VPN锛氳繙绋嬭闂殑涓€绉嶅父瑙佸姞瀵嗛€氶亾銆?/p>

VDI锛氳繙绋嬫闈㈣窇鍦ㄦ暟鎹腑蹇冿紝缁堢涓昏鏄剧ず鐢婚潰鍜岃緭鍏ャ€?/p>

Remote Administration锛氱鐞嗗憳杩滅▼绠＄悊璁惧锛屾洿瑕佸己璁よ瘉鍜岃褰曘€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氳繙绋嬭闂笉绛変簬 VPN銆俈PN 鏄矾锛岃繙绋嬭闂槸浠庡闈㈣繘鍏徃璧勬簮杩欎欢浜嬨€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細VPN 娣卞寲 / Virtual Private Network / 铏氭嫙涓撶敤缃戠粶

VPN 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滃紑浜嗗氨瀹夊叏鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歏PN 鏄湪鍏叡缃戠粶涓婇摵涓€鏉″彈淇濇姢閫氶亾锛岃杩滅▼鐢ㄦ埛鎴栦袱涓珯鐐瑰儚閫氳繃涓撶敤閫氶亾閫氫俊涓€鏍枫€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

VPN = Virtual Private Network锛堣櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉缁滐級銆?/p>

Virtual 鏄櫄鎷燂紝涓嶆槸鐪熺殑鎷変簡涓€鏉′笓绾裤€?/p>

Private 鏄笓鐢ㄣ€佸彈淇濇姢銆?/p>

Network 鏄綉缁溿€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍛樺伐鍦ㄥ涓婄綉锛屽垎鍏徃涔熼€氳繃浜掕仈缃戣繛鎬婚儴銆?/p>

浜掕仈缃戞槸鍏叡閬撹矾銆?/p>

VPN 鍦ㄥ叕鍏遍亾璺笂鍖呬竴灞傚彈淇濇姢鐨勯毀閬擄紝璁╅€氫俊涓嶅鏄撹鏃佽竟鐨勪汉鐪嬫噦鎴栫鏀广€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

VPN锛歏irtual Private Network锛堣櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉缁滐級銆?/p>

Tunnel锛氶毀閬擄紝鎶婃祦閲忓皝瑁呰繘鍙椾繚鎶ら€氶亾銆?/p>

Remote Access VPN锛氳繙绋嬭闂?VPN锛屽憳宸ヤ粠澶栭儴杩炲叕鍙搞€?/p>

Site-to-Site VPN锛氱珯鐐瑰埌绔欑偣 VPN锛屽垎鍏徃鍜屾€婚儴涔嬮棿寤洪毀閬撱€?/p>

IPsec锛欼nternet Protocol Security锛堜簰鑱旂綉鍗忚瀹夊叏锛夛紝甯哥敤浜庣綉缁滃眰 VPN銆?/p>

SSL/TLS VPN锛氬熀浜?SSL/TLS 鐨?VPN锛屽父瑙佷簬娴忚鍣ㄦ垨搴旂敤璁块棶銆?/p>

Full Tunnel锛氬叏闅ч亾锛岃繙绋嬭澶囨墍鏈夋祦閲忛兘璧?VPN銆?/p>

Split Tunneling锛氬垎绂婚毀閬擄紝涓€閮ㄥ垎娴侀噺璧?VPN锛屼竴閮ㄥ垎鐩存帴涓婁簰鑱旂綉锛屾柟渚夸絾椋庨櫓鏇撮珮銆?/p>

ESP锛欵ncapsulating Security Payload锛堝皝瑁呭畨鍏ㄨ浇鑽凤級锛孖Psec 涓父鐢ㄤ簬鎻愪緵鍔犲瘑鍜屽畬鏁存€т繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

AH锛欰uthentication Header锛堣璇佸ご锛夛紝IPsec 涓彁渚涜璇佸拰瀹屾暣鎬э紝浣嗕笉鍔犲瘑鏁版嵁鍐呭銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬缃戦摵鍐呫€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗚瑙ｉ噴瀹屾暣銆傚畠鐨勬剰鎬濇槸浠庡缃戦摵涓€鏉″彈淇濇姢閫氶亾杩涘叕鍙稿唴缃戙€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬叕鍏辫矾涓婄殑鍔犲瘑闅ч亾銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠姣斺€滃缃戦摵鍐呪€濇洿娓呮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歏PN 绛変簬鎵€鏈夎闂兘瀹夊叏銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆俈PN 鍙繚鎶ら€氶亾锛屼笉鑷姩淇ソ鏉冮檺鍜岀粓绔畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃叕鍏辫矾涓婄殑鍔犲瘑闅ч亾鈥濓紝杈呰鈥滃缃戦摵鍐呪€濄€傝繖鏍锋棦鑷劧锛屽張鑳芥寕浣?VPN 鐨勫満鏅€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

VPN = 鍏叡璺笂鐨勫姞瀵嗛毀閬撱€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氫汉鍦ㄥ缃戯紝绯荤粺鍦ㄥ叕鍙搁噷锛屼腑闂磋蛋鐨勬槸鍏叡閬撹矾锛沄PN 鍦ㄨ矾涓婂涓€鏉″彈淇濇姢闅ч亾锛岃閫氫俊琚姞瀵嗗拰鏍￠獙锛屼絾杩涢棬鍚庤兘鐪嬩粈涔堣繕瑕侀潬鎺堟潈銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細VPN 鏄湪涓嶅彲淇＄綉缁滀笂寤虹珛鍙椾繚鎶ら毀閬擄紝鐢ㄦ潵淇濇姢杩滅▼璁块棶鎴栫珯鐐逛簰鑱旈€氫俊銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍦ㄤ笂娴锋湁鎬婚儴锛屽湪鎴愰兘鏈変粨搴撱€?/p>

浠撳簱绯荤粺姣忓ぉ瑕佽闂€婚儴鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

濡傛灉鐩存帴璧颁簰鑱旂綉锛岃矾涓婂彲鑳借绐冨惉鎴栫鏀广€?/p>

浜庢槸鎶€鏈洟闃熷湪涓よ竟寤轰簡 site-to-site VPN銆?/p>

鎬婚儴鍜屼粨搴撲箣闂村儚鏈変竴鏉″彈淇濇姢閫氶亾銆?/p>

鍙︿竴涓鏈嶅湪瀹跺姙鍏€?/p>

濂圭敤 remote access VPN 杩炲洖鍏徃銆?/p>

浣?VPN 鍙鏄庨€氶亾瀹夊叏銆?/p>

濂圭櫥褰曞悗浠嶇劧鍙兘鐪嬪鏈嶇郴缁燂紝涓嶈兘鐪嬭储鍔℃暟鎹簱銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?VPN銆乂irtual Private Network锛堣櫄鎷熶笓鐢ㄧ綉缁滐級銆乪ncrypted tunnel锛堝姞瀵嗛毀閬擄級锛屽厛鎯冲彈淇濇姢閫氶亾銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?remote user connects to company network锛堣繙绋嬬敤鎴疯繛鎺ュ叕鍙哥綉缁滐級锛屽父鐪?remote access VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?branch office to headquarters锛堝垎鍏徃鍒版€婚儴锛夛紝甯哥湅 site-to-site VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?network-layer tunnel锛堢綉缁滃眰闅ч亾锛夛紝甯哥湅 IPsec銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?browser-based remote access锛堝熀浜庢祻瑙堝櫒鐨勮繙绋嬭闂級锛屽彲鑳界湅 SSL/TLS VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?split tunneling锛堝垎绂婚毀閬擄級锛岃鎯冲埌杩滅▼鐢ㄦ埛鍚屾椂杩炲叕鍙稿拰鍏綉锛岄闄╂槸鍏綉濞佽儊鍙兘缁曡繘鏉ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?IPsec 閲岃皝鎻愪緵鍔犲瘑锛屽父鐪?ESP锛涢鐩棶璁よ瘉鍜屽畬鏁存€т絾涓嶅姞瀵嗭紝甯哥湅 AH銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

VPN锛氬ぇ鑼冨洿鍙椾繚鎶ら€氶亾銆?/p>

TLS锛氫紶杈撳眰瀹夊叏鍗忚锛孒TTPS 浼氱敤瀹冦€?/p>

HTTPS锛氭祻瑙堝櫒鍜岀綉绔欎箣闂寸殑瀹夊叏缃戦〉閫氫俊銆?/p>

IPsec锛氬父鐢ㄤ簬缃戠粶灞?VPN 鐨勫崗璁棌銆?/p>

Authorization锛氭巿鏉冿紝鍐冲畾杩涙潵鍚庤兘璁块棶浠€涔堛€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歏PN 淇濇姢璺紝涓嶇瓑浜庤繘鏉ョ殑浜烘嫢鏈夋墍鏈夋潈闄愶紝涔熶笉绛変簬浠栫殑璁惧涓€瀹氬共鍑€銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Zero Trust = 闆朵俊浠汇€?/p>

瀹冨弽瀵逛竴绉嶈€佹兂娉曪細浜哄湪鍏徃鍐呯綉閲岋紝灏遍粯璁ゅ彲淇°€?/p>

鐜板疄鏀诲嚮閲岋紝璐﹀彿鍙兘琚洍銆?/p>

鐢佃剳鍙兘涓嫑銆?/p>

VPN 鐢ㄦ埛鍙兘涓嶆槸鏈汉銆?/p>

鎵€浠ラ浂淇′换浼氳锛氫笉瑕佸洜涓衡€滀汉鍦ㄩ噷闈⑩€濆氨鐩存帴鏀捐銆?/p>

姣忔璁块棶鍏抽敭璧勬簮锛岄兘閲嶆柊鍒ゆ柇銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Zero Trust锛氶浂淇′换銆?/p>

Implicit Trust锛氶殣鍚俊浠伙紝榛樿浣犲彲淇°€?/p>

Continuous Verification锛氭寔缁獙璇併€?/p>

Least Privilege锛氭渶灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

Context锛氫笂涓嬫枃锛屾瘮濡備綅缃€佽澶囥€佹椂闂淬€侀闄┿€佽涓恒€?/p>

Lateral Movement锛氭í鍚戠Щ鍔紝鏀诲嚮鑰呰繘鍏ヤ竴澶勫悗缁х画寰€鍏朵粬绯荤粺鎵╂暎銆?/p>

Policy Engine锛氱瓥鐣ュ紩鎿庯紝鍦ㄩ浂淇′换鏋舵瀯閲岃礋璐ｅ仛璁块棶鍐崇瓥銆?/p>

Policy Administrator锛氱瓥鐣ョ鐞嗗憳锛岃礋璐ｆ妸璁块棶鍐崇瓥钀藉疄鍒拌繛鎺ヤ笂銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳繘闂ㄥ悗姣忎釜鎴块棿杩樿鍒峰崱銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В閲娾€滆繘浜嗗唴缃戜篃涓嶄唬琛ㄩ€氳鎵€鏈夊湴鏂光€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶浂淇′换灏辨槸璋侀兘鎸′綇銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞浂淇′换涓嶆槸鍋滃伐锛岃€屾槸姣忔鎸夋潯浠堕獙璇併€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬叕鍙搁噷闈篃瑕佹煡绁ㄣ€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈句笉榛樿淇′换锛屼絾涓嶅鎴块棿鍒峰崱鍏蜂綋銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滆繘闂ㄥ悗姣忎釜鎴块棿杩樿鍒峰崱鈥濄€傚畠鑳芥妸鎸佺画楠岃瘉鍜屾渶灏忔潈闄愯娓呮銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Zero Trust = 杩涢棬鍚庢瘡涓埧闂磋繕瑕佸埛鍗°€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳繛涓婂叕鍙哥綉缁滃彧绠楄繘澶ч棬锛屼笉鑳介粯璁ゅ叏妤奸€氳锛涙瘡杩涗竴涓郴缁燂紝閮借鐪嬭韩浠姐€佽澶囥€佹潈闄愬拰椋庨櫓锛屽鏉′欢鎵嶅紑闂ㄣ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Zero Trust 鏄笉鍩轰簬缃戠粶浣嶇疆榛樿淇′换锛岃€屾槸瀵规瘡娆¤闂繘琛岃韩浠姐€佽澶囥€佷笂涓嬫枃鍜屾潈闄愰獙璇佺殑瀹夊叏妯″瀷銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵浠ュ墠鍙鍛樺伐杩炰笂 VPN锛屽氨鑳界鍒板緢澶氬唴閮ㄧ郴缁熴€?/p>

鍚庢潵涓€涓鏈嶈处鍙疯鐩椼€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呰繛杩涙潵鍚庯紝璇曞浘璁块棶鎶ヨ〃銆佹枃浠跺叡浜拰璐㈠姟绯荤粺銆?/p>

闆朵俊浠绘敼閫犲悗锛屾儏鍐靛彉浜嗐€?/p>

瀹㈡湇璐﹀彿鍙兘杩涘鏈嶇郴缁熴€?/p>

璁块棶璐㈠姟绯荤粺闇€瑕侀澶栧鎵瑰拰 MFA銆?/p>

璁惧琛ヤ竵澶棫鏃讹紝涓嶈兘璁块棶鏁忔劅搴旂敤銆?/p>

鍗婂浠庨檶鐢熷湴鍖虹櫥褰曪紝浼氳Е鍙戞洿涓ユ牸楠岃瘉銆?/p>

杩欎笉鏄笉璁╁憳宸ュ伐浣滐紝鑰屾槸涓嶅啀鎶娾€滃凡缁忚繘鍐呯綉鈥濆綋鎴愪竾鑳介€氳璇併€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Zero Trust锛堥浂淇′换锛夛紝鍏堟兂涓嶉粯璁や俊浠诲唴缃戙€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?never trust, always verify锛堟案涓嶉粯璁や俊浠伙紝濮嬬粓楠岃瘉锛夛紝鍏堟兂 Zero Trust銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?continuous authentication / authorization锛堟寔缁璇?/ 鎺堟潈锛夛紝甯哥湅 Zero Trust銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?policy engine锛堢瓥鐣ュ紩鎿庯級銆乸olicy administrator锛堢瓥鐣ョ鐞嗗憳锛夛紝甯歌浜庨浂淇′换鏋舵瀯鐨勮闂喅绛栫粍浠躲€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?least privilege锛堟渶灏忔潈闄愶級銆乨evice posture锛堣澶囩姸鎬侊級銆乧ontext-aware access锛堜笂涓嬫枃鎰熺煡璁块棶锛夛紝涔熷父鍜?Zero Trust 涓€璧峰嚭鐜般€?/p>

棰樼洰璇撮槻姝㈡敾鍑昏€呰繘鍏ュ悗妯悜绉诲姩锛屽父鐪嬮浂淇′换鍜屽井鍒嗘銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Zero Trust锛氬畨鍏ㄦā鍨嬪拰璁块棶鐞嗗康銆?/p>

VPN锛氬缓绔嬪彈淇濇姢閫氶亾锛屼絾鍙兘浠嶄繚鐣欌€滆繘鏉ュ氨鍙俊鈥濈殑鏃ф€濊矾銆?/p>

NAC锛氭帶鍒惰澶囪兘涓嶈兘鎺ュ叆缃戠粶銆?/p>

Microsegmentation锛氭妸缃戠粶鎴栧伐浣滆礋杞藉垏寰楁洿缁嗭紝甯哥敤鏉ュ疄鐜伴浂淇′换銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氶浂淇′换涓嶆槸涓€涓崟鐙洅瀛愶紝涔熶笉鏄€滃叏閮芥嫆缁濃€濄€傚畠鏄瘡娆¤闂兘鎸夎韩浠姐€佽澶囥€佷笂涓嬫枃鍜屾潈闄愰噸鏂板垽鏂€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Network Segmentation / 缃戠粶鍒嗘

Network Segmentation 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滅綉缁滃垎寮€涓€鐐光€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氱綉缁滃垎娈垫槸鎶婂ぇ缃戠粶鍒囨垚涓嶅悓鍖哄煙锛岃璐㈠姟銆佸鏈嶃€佹暟鎹簱銆佽瀹?Wi-Fi 涓嶈娣峰湪涓€閿呴噷銆備竴涓尯鍩熷嚭闂锛屼笉搴旇椤烘墜鎵撳埌鎵€鏈夊尯鍩熴€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Network Segmentation = 缃戠粶鍒嗘銆?/p>

Segment 鏄銆佸尯鍩熴€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝濡傛灉鎵€鏈夎澶囬兘鍦ㄥ悓涓€涓ぇ缃戠粶锛屼换浣曚竴鍙扮數鑴戝嚭浜嬶紝鏀诲嚮鑰呭彲鑳芥洿瀹规槗鍒板璇曟帰銆?/p>

缃戠粶鍒嗘灏辨槸鎶婄綉缁滃垏鎴愪笉鍚屽尯鍩熴€?/p>

姣忎釜鍖哄煙涔嬮棿閫氳繃璺敱銆侀槻鐏銆丄CL 鎴栫瓥鐣ユ帶鍒堕€氫俊銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Network Segmentation锛氱綉缁滃垎娈点€?/p>

VLAN锛歏irtual LAN锛堣櫄鎷熷眬鍩熺綉锛夛紝閫昏緫涓婂垎寮€缃戠粶銆?/p>

Subnet锛氬瓙缃戯紝鎸?IP 鍦板潃鑼冨洿鍒掑垎銆?/p>

DMZ锛欴emilitarized Zone锛堥潪鍐涗簨鍖?/ 闅旂鍖猴級锛屽父鏀惧澶栨湇鍔°€?/p>

East-West Traffic锛氫笢瑗垮悜娴侀噺锛屾暟鎹腑蹇冨唴閮ㄧ郴缁熶箣闂寸殑娴侀噺銆?/p>

North-South Traffic锛氬崡鍖楀悜娴侀噺锛屽唴澶栭儴涔嬮棿杩涘嚭鐨勬祦閲忋€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬晢鍦哄垎妤煎眰銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆備笉鍚屾ゼ灞傚崠涓嶅悓涓滆タ锛屼腑闂存湁鍏ュ彛鍜岃鍒欍€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫竴閿呬贡鐐栥€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄病鍒嗘鐨勯敊璇敾闈€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬叕鍙稿垎閮ㄩ棬闂ㄧ銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠璐存潈闄愶紝浣嗗鏄撳拰韬唤璁块棶鎺у埗娣枫€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃晢鍦哄垎妤煎眰鈥濄€傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧鐪嬭鍖哄煙銆佽矾绾垮拰鍏ュ彛鎺у埗銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Network Segmentation = 鍟嗗満鍒嗘ゼ灞傘€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴峰尯銆佷粨搴撳尯銆佽储鍔″尯銆佹満鎴垮尯涓嶈兘娣峰湪鍚屼竴灞備贡璧帮紱姣忓眰涔嬮棿鏈夐€氶亾鍜屾鏌ワ紝鍑轰簡浜嬩篃涓嶈闂涓€璺墿鏁ｃ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Network Segmentation 鏄妸缃戠粶鍒掑垎涓哄涓彈鎺у尯鍩燂紝閫氳繃璺敱銆乂LAN銆侀槻鐏鎴?ACL 闄愬埗鍖哄煙涔嬮棿鐨勮闂€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵浠ュ墠鎶婂鏈嶇數鑴戙€佹敹娆剧郴缁熴€佹暟鎹簱銆佽瀹?Wi-Fi 閮芥斁鍦ㄥ悓涓€涓ぇ缃戠粶閲屻€?/p>

涓€鍙拌瀹㈣澶囧嚭闂鍚庯紝瀹冭兘鎵弿鍒板緢澶氬唴閮ㄧ郴缁熴€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨寮€濮嬪垎娈点€?/p>

璁垮 Wi-Fi 鍙兘涓婁簰鑱旂綉銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鍖哄彧鑳借闂鏈嶇郴缁熴€?/p>

鏀舵绯荤粺鍙兘璁块棶鏀粯鎺ュ彛鍜岃鍗曟暟鎹簱銆?/p>

鏁版嵁搴撳尯涓嶆帴鍙楁櫘閫氬姙鍏數鑴戠洿鎺ヨ闂€?/p>

缃戠粶杩樻槸鍚屼竴瀹跺叕鍙哥殑缃戠粶锛屼絾涓嶅啀鏄殢渚夸覆闂ㄧ殑澶ф埧闂淬€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?segmentation锛堝垎娈碉級銆乶etwork zones锛堢綉缁滃尯鍩燂級銆乻eparate sensitive systems锛堥殧绂绘晱鎰熺郴缁燂級锛屽厛鎯?Network Segmentation锛堢綉缁滃垎娈碉級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?limit lateral movement锛堥檺鍒舵í鍚戠Щ鍔級锛屽父鐪嬪垎娈垫垨寰垎娈点€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?VLAN銆乻ubnet銆丏MZ銆侀槻鐏鍖哄煙锛屽父鍜岀綉缁滃垎娈垫湁鍏炽€?/p>

棰樼洰闂妸鍏紑 Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ斁鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紝甯哥湅 DMZ锛堥殧绂诲尯锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰鍙棶鍔犲瘑杩滅▼閫氫俊锛屼笉鏄垎娈碉紝鍙兘鐪?VPN 鎴?TLS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Network Segmentation锛氭妸缃戠粶鍒囨垚鍖哄煙銆?/p>

Microsegmentation锛氬垏寰楁洿缁嗭紝甯稿埌宸ヤ綔璐熻浇鎴栧簲鐢ㄧ骇鍒€?/p>

Firewall Rules锛氭帶鍒跺尯鍩熶箣闂村摢浜涙祦閲忚兘杩囥€?/p>

Encryption锛氫繚鎶ら€氫俊鍐呭锛屼笉璐熻矗鎶婄綉缁滃垏鍖恒€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬垎娈典笉鏄负浜嗏€滅湅璧锋潵鏁撮綈鈥濓紝鑰屾槸涓轰簡璁╀笉璇ヤ簰閫氱殑涓滆タ涓嶈浜掗€氾紝闄愬埗鏀诲嚮鎵╂暎銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Microsegmentation = 寰垎娈点€?/p>

Micro 鏄井灏忋€佺粏绮掑害銆?/p>

Segmentation 鏄垎娈点€?/p>

浼犵粺缃戠粶鍒嗘鍍忔妸鍟嗗満鍒嗘ゼ灞傘€?/p>

寰垎娈垫洿鍍忔瘡涓簵閾恒€佷粨搴撻棬銆佹敹閾跺彴閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勯€氳瑙勫垯銆?/p>

鍝€曚汉鍦ㄥ悓涓€妤煎眰锛屼篃涓嶈兘闅忎究杩涙瘡涓埧闂淬€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Microsegmentation锛氬井鍒嗘銆?/p>

Workload锛氬伐浣滆礋杞斤紝鍙兘鏄竴鍙拌櫄鎷熸満銆佸鍣ㄣ€佹湇鍔℃垨搴旂敤缁勪欢銆?/p>

East-West Traffic锛氫笢瑗垮悜娴侀噺锛屽唴閮ㄧ郴缁熶箣闂寸殑娴侀噺銆?/p>

Distributed Firewall锛氬垎甯冨紡闃茬伀澧欙紝鎶婅鍒欐斁鍒版洿闈犺繎宸ヤ綔璐熻浇鐨勪綅缃€?/p>

Internal Segmentation Firewall锛氬唴閮ㄩ殧绂婚槻鐏銆?/p>

VXLAN锛歏irtual Extensible LAN锛堣櫄鎷熷彲鎵╁睍灞€鍩熺綉锛夛紝鍙敮鎸佽法瀛愮綉鍜屽ぇ瑙勬ā铏氭嫙缃戠粶銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬晢鍦烘瘡瀹跺簵閮藉崟鐙埛鍗°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳戒粠鈥滃垎妤煎眰鈥濊嚜鐒跺崌绾у埌鈥滄瘡涓簵閾轰篃绠♀€濄€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氱鎴愮矇鏈€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚お澶稿紶锛岃€屼笖娌℃湁璁块棶鎺у埗鍚箟銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬唴閮ㄥ皬闅旈棿銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠璐磋繎锛屼絾涓嶅鏈夊姩浣溿€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃晢鍦烘瘡瀹跺簵閮藉崟鐙埛鍗♀€濄€傚畠鑳借鏄庡井鍒嗘涓嶆槸鍙垏妤煎眰锛岃€屾槸绠″埌鏇寸粏鐨勮闂叧绯汇€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Microsegmentation = 姣忓搴楅兘鍗曠嫭鍒峰崱銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭櫘閫氬垎娈垫妸鍟嗗満鍒嗘ゼ灞傦紝寰垎娈佃姣忓搴椼€佷粨搴撱€佹敹閾跺彴閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勫埛鍗¤鍒欙紱杩涗簡涓€灞傛ゼ锛屼笉绛変簬鑳借繘鎵€鏈夊簵銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Microsegmentation 鏄鍐呴儴缃戠粶銆佸伐浣滆礋杞芥垨搴旂敤缁勪欢鍋氱粏绮掑害闅旂锛岀敤绛栫暐鎺у埗涓滆タ鍚戞祦閲忓苟闄愬埗妯悜绉诲姩銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鐨勬暟鎹腑蹇冮噷鏈?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€佽鍗曟湇鍔°€佹敮浠樻湇鍔°€佸簱瀛樻湇鍔″拰鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

瀹冧滑閮藉湪鍐呴儴銆?/p>

浠ュ墠鍙鏀诲嚮鑰呮嬁涓嬩竴鍙?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣紝灏辫兘缁х画鎺㈡祴寰堝鍐呴儴鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

寰垎娈典笂绾垮悗锛岃鍒欏彉缁嗕簡銆?/p>

Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彧鑳芥壘璁㈠崟鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

璁㈠崟鏈嶅姟鍙兘鎵惧簱瀛樺拰鏀粯銆?/p>

鏀粯鏈嶅姟鍙兘鎵炬敮浠樻暟鎹簱銆?/p>

鏅€?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ繛璐㈠姟鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呭嵆浣胯繘浜嗕竴涓偣锛屼篃寰堥毦涓€璺í鐫€璧般€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?microsegmentation锛堝井鍒嗘锛夛紝鍏堟兂宸ヤ綔璐熻浇绾у埆鐨勭粏绮掑害闅旂銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?east-west traffic锛堜笢瑗垮悜娴侀噺锛夋帶鍒讹紝甯哥湅寰垎娈点€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?limit lateral movement锛堥檺鍒舵í鍚戠Щ鍔級锛屽父鐪嬪井鍒嗘銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?distributed firewall锛堝垎甯冨紡闃茬伀澧欙級鎴?internal segmentation firewall锛堝唴閮ㄩ殧绂婚槻鐏锛夛紝涔熷彲鑳芥寚鍚戝井鍒嗘銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙鎶婄綉缁滃垎鎴愬嚑涓尯鍩燂紝鍙兘鏄?Network Segmentation锛堢綉缁滃垎娈碉級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Network Segmentation锛氬ぇ鍖哄煙鍒嗘銆?/p>

Microsegmentation锛氭洿缁嗙殑搴旂敤銆佹湇鍔°€佸伐浣滆礋杞藉垎娈点€?/p>

Zero Trust锛氳闂悊蹇碉紝寰垎娈靛父甯姪钀藉湴銆?/p>

VLAN锛氱綉缁滃垎娈垫妧鏈箣涓€锛屼絾涓嶇瓑浜庡井鍒嗘鍏ㄩ儴銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氬井鍒嗘涓嶆槸涓轰簡鎶婄綉缁滅敾寰楁洿澶嶆潅锛岃€屾槸涓轰簡璁╁唴閮ㄧ郴缁熶箣闂翠篃鍙蛋蹇呰閫氳矾銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Firewall Rules / ACL / 闃茬伀澧欒鍒欎笌璁块棶鎺у埗鍒楄〃

Firewall Rules 鍜?ACL 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滃厑璁?/ 鎷掔粷鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氶槻鐏瑙勫垯鍍忚竟鐣屾鏌ユ竻鍗曘€傚畠鎸夋簮澶淬€佺洰鏍囥€佸崗璁€佺鍙ｅ拰鍔ㄤ綔鍒ゆ柇涓€鏉℃祦閲忚兘涓嶈兘杩囥€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Firewall Rules = 闃茬伀澧欒鍒欍€?/p>

ACL = Access Control List锛堣闂帶鍒跺垪琛級銆?/p>

鍦ㄩ槻鐏閲岋紝ACL 涓嶆槸鈥滄枃浠朵富浜虹粰璋佽鍐欌€濈殑閭ｄ釜鏁呬簨銆?/p>

杩欓噷鐨?ACL 鏇村儚缃戠粶杈圭晫涓婄殑鍚嶅崟鍜屾潯浠惰〃銆?/p>

瀹冨啓娓呮锛氫粠鍝噷鏉ワ紝鍒板摢閲屽幓锛岀敤浠€涔堝崗璁紝璁块棶鍝釜绔彛锛屾槸鍏佽杩樻槸鎷掔粷銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Firewall Rule锛氶槻鐏瑙勫垯銆?/p>

ACL锛欰ccess Control List锛堣闂帶鍒跺垪琛級銆?/p>

Source锛氭簮澶达紝娴侀噺浠庡摢閲屾潵銆?/p>

Destination锛氱洰鏍囷紝娴侀噺瑕佸幓鍝噷銆?/p>

Protocol锛氬崗璁紝姣斿 TCP銆乁DP銆両CMP銆?/p>

Port锛氱鍙ｏ紝姣斿 80銆?43銆?2銆?/p>

Implicit Deny锛氶殣寮忔嫆缁濓紝娌℃湁鏄庣‘鍏佽灏辨嫆缁濄€?/p>

Stateful Firewall锛氱姸鎬侀槻鐏锛屼細璁颁綇杩炴帴鐘舵€併€?/p>

Static ACL锛氶潤鎬佽闂帶鍒跺垪琛紝涓昏鎸夊寘澶存潯浠跺尮閰嶏紝涓嶇悊瑙ｅ畬鏁翠細璇濄€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳竟鐣屾鏌ユ竻鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В閲婅鍒欓€愭潯妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶棬鍙ｅ悕鍗曘€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠宸茬粡鐢ㄤ簬 DAC 鐨?ACL锛屽鏄撴贩銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬叏鏀捐鏈€鏂逛究銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄嵄闄╅厤缃€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滆竟鐣屾鏌ユ竻鍗曗€濄€傚畠鑳芥妸婧愩€佺洰鏍囥€佸崗璁€佺鍙ｃ€佸姩浣滈兘鏀捐繘鍘汇€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Firewall Rules / ACL = 杈圭晫妫€鏌ユ竻鍗曘€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭祦閲忔潵鍒拌竟鐣岋紝鍏堢湅浠庡摢鏉ャ€佸埌鍝幓銆佽蛋浠€涔堝崗璁€佹墦鍝釜绔彛锛涙竻鍗曞啓浜嗗厑璁告墠鏀捐锛屾病鍐欏厑璁稿氨榛樿鎸′綇銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細闃茬伀澧欒鍒?/ 缃戠粶 ACL 鏄寜婧愩€佺洰鏍囥€佸崗璁€佺鍙ｃ€佹柟鍚戝拰鍔ㄤ綔鎺у埗缃戠粶娴侀噺鐨勮鍒欓泦鍚堛€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏈変竴鍙?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ斁鍦?DMZ銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛鍙互璁块棶瀹冪殑 HTTPS 443 绔彛銆?/p>

浣嗗鎴蜂笉搴旇鐩存帴璁块棶鏁版嵁搴?3306 绔彛銆?/p>

闃茬伀澧欒鍒欏啓鎴愶細

浜掕仈缃戝埌 Web 鏈嶅姟鍣?443锛屽厑璁搞€?/p>

浜掕仈缃戝埌鏁版嵁搴擄紝鎷掔粷銆?/p>

Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ埌鏁版嵁搴撴寚瀹氱鍙ｏ紝鍏佽銆?/p>

鍏朵粬娌″啓鐨勶紝榛樿鎷掔粷銆?/p>

杩欐牱瀹㈡埛鑳芥墦寮€缃戠珯锛屼絾涓嶈兘缁曡繃缃戠珯鐩存帴纰版暟鎹簱銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?firewall rule锛堥槻鐏瑙勫垯锛夈€丄CL銆乸ermit锛堝厑璁革級銆乨eny锛堟嫆缁濓級锛屽厛鎯虫祦閲忚鍒欍€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?source IP锛堟簮 IP锛夈€乨estination IP锛堢洰鏍?IP锛夈€乸rotocol锛堝崗璁級銆乸ort锛堢鍙ｏ級锛屽厛鎯抽槻鐏瑙勫垯鎴?ACL銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂粯璁ゅ畨鍏ㄥ仛娉曪紝甯哥湅 deny by default锛堥粯璁ゆ嫆缁濓級鎴?implicit deny锛堥殣寮忔嫆缁濓級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇磋鍒欓『搴忛敊璇鑷磋闂紓甯革紝瑕佹兂鍒?top-down processing锛堜粠涓婂埌涓嬪尮閰嶏級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?stateful inspection锛堢姸鎬佹鏌ワ級锛屾兂鍒扮姸鎬侀槻鐏浼氳杩炴帴鐘舵€侊紱棰樼洰鍙鍥哄畾婧愩€佺洰鏍囥€佺鍙ｃ€佸崗璁〃锛屽彲鑳芥槸闈欐€?ACL銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存枃浠跺璞′笂璋佽兘璇诲啓锛岄偅涓?ACL 鍙兘鏄闂帶鍒舵ā鍨嬮噷鐨?ACL锛屼笉涓€瀹氭槸闃茬伀澧欒鍒欍€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Firewall ACL锛氱綉缁滄祦閲忚鍒欍€?/p>

DAC 閲岀殑 ACL锛氳祫婧愭墍鏈夎€呭啓鐨勮闂悕鍗曘€?/p>

RBAC锛氭寜瑙掕壊鎺堟潈銆?/p>

NAC锛氳澶囪兘涓嶈兘鎺ュ叆缃戠粶銆?/p>

Proxy锛氭浛瀹㈡埛绔垨鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ浆鍙戣姹傦紝骞跺彲鑳芥鏌ュ唴瀹广€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱湅鍒?ACL 涓嶈绔嬪埢濂楀悓涓€涓瓟妗堛€傚厛鐪嬪畠鏄湪缃戠粶杈圭晫銆佹枃浠舵潈闄愶紝杩樻槸璁块棶鎺у埗妯″瀷閲屻€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Proxy = 浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

Forward Proxy = 姝ｅ悜浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

Reverse Proxy = 鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

浠ｇ悊鐨勬牳蹇冨姩浣滃緢绠€鍗曪細瀹冧笉璁╁鎴风鍜岀洰鏍囩洿鎺ヨ璇濓紝鑰屾槸鐢变唬鐞嗕腑闂磋浆涓€鎵嬨€?/p>

鍏抽敭鏄湅浠ｇ悊绔欏湪鍝竴杈广€?/p>

绔欏湪鐢ㄦ埛杩欒竟锛屾浛鐢ㄦ埛璁块棶澶栫綉锛屽彨姝ｅ悜浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

绔欏湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繖杈癸紝鏇挎湇鍔″櫒鎺ュ閮ㄨ姹傦紝鍙弽鍚戜唬鐞嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Proxy锛氫唬鐞嗭紝浠ｆ浛涓€鏂硅浆鍙戣姹傘€?/p>

Forward Proxy锛氭鍚戜唬鐞嗭紝鏇垮鎴风鍑哄幓銆?/p>

Reverse Proxy锛氬弽鍚戜唬鐞嗭紝鏇挎湇鍔″櫒鎺ュ叆銆?/p>

Caching锛氱紦瀛橈紝鎶婂父鐢ㄥ唴瀹瑰厛瀛樿捣鏉ャ€?/p>

Content Filtering锛氬唴瀹硅繃婊ゃ€?/p>

TLS Termination锛歍LS 缁堟锛屽湪浠ｇ悊澶勮В瀵?TLS锛屽啀杞粰鍚庣銆?/p>

NAT锛歂etwork Address Translation锛堢綉缁滃湴鍧€杞崲锛夛紝閲嶇偣鏄敼鍦板潃鏄犲皠锛屼笉绛変簬鐞嗚В HTTP 璇锋眰銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭鍚戞浛鐢ㄦ埛鍑哄幓锛屽弽鍚戞浛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴璇锋眰銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐩存帴瑙ｉ噴鍖哄垎鐐广€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫唬鐞嗚窇鑵裤€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠濂芥噦锛屼絾娌℃湁鍖哄垎姝ｅ弽銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氫唬鐞嗗氨鏄?VPN銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆備唬鐞嗗拰 VPN 涓嶆槸鍚屼竴灞傚惈涔夈€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滄鍚戞浛鐢ㄦ埛鍑哄幓锛屽弽鍚戞浛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴璇锋眰鈥濄€傝繖鍙ヨ瘽绠€鍗曚絾寰堝叧閿€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Proxy = 鏇垮埆浜鸿浆鍙戙€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭鍚戜唬鐞嗘浛鐢ㄦ埛鍑哄幓璁块棶缃戠珯锛屽弽鍚戜唬鐞嗘浛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴澶栭儴璇锋眰锛涚湅瀹冪珯鍦ㄧ敤鎴峰墠闈紝杩樻槸绔欏湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ墠闈€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Proxy 鏄腑闂磋浆鍙戣姹傜殑缁勪欢锛孎orward Proxy 闈㈠悜瀹㈡埛绔嚭绔欐帶鍒讹紝Reverse Proxy 闈㈠悜鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ叆绔欏彂甯冨拰淇濇姢銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍔炲叕瀹や笉鍏佽鍛樺伐鐢佃剳鐩存帴璁块棶澶栫綉銆?/p>

鍛樺伐璁块棶缃戦〉鏃讹紝鍏堟妸璇锋眰浜ょ粰姝ｅ悜浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

姝ｅ悜浠ｇ悊妫€鏌ョ綉绔欑被鍒€佽褰曟棩蹇椼€佽繃婊ゅ嵄闄╁唴瀹癸紝鍐嶆浛鍛樺伐鍑哄幓璁块棶銆?/p>

鍙︿竴杈癸紝瀹㈡埛璁块棶灏忔灄缃戝簵瀹樼綉銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛娌℃湁鐩存帴纰板埌鍚庣 Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

璇锋眰鍏堝埌鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊鍙互鍋?TLS 缁堟銆侀殣钘忓悗绔湴鍧€銆佸垎鍙戝埌澶氬彴鏈嶅姟鍣紝涔熷彲浠ユ妸璇锋眰浜ょ粰 WAF 妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

鍚屾牱鍙唬鐞嗭紝绔欑殑浣嶇疆涓嶄竴鏍凤紝鑰冭瘯绛旀灏变笉涓€鏍枫€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?forward proxy锛堟鍚戜唬鐞嗭級锛屽厛鎯虫浛鍐呴儴鐢ㄦ埛璁块棶澶栭儴缃戠珯銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?reverse proxy锛堝弽鍚戜唬鐞嗭級锛屽厛鎯虫浛鍚庣鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴鏀跺閮ㄨ姹傘€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?web filtering锛堢綉椤佃繃婊わ級銆乷utbound browsing control锛堝嚭绔欐祻瑙堟帶鍒讹級锛屽父鐪嬫鍚戜唬鐞嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?hide internal servers锛堥殣钘忓唴閮ㄦ湇鍔″櫒锛夈€乸ublish web app锛堝彂甯?Web 搴旂敤锛夈€乀LS termination锛圱LS 缁堟锛夛紝甯哥湅鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?encrypted tunnel锛堝姞瀵嗛毀閬擄級锛屼笉瑕佺洿鎺ラ€変唬鐞嗭紝鍙兘鏄?VPN銆?/p>

棰樼洰鍙 address translation锛堝湴鍧€杞崲锛夛紝鍙兘鏄?NAT锛屼笉鏄唬鐞嗐€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Forward Proxy锛氭浛鐢ㄦ埛鍑哄幓銆?/p>

Reverse Proxy锛氭浛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴璇锋眰銆?/p>

VPN锛氬缓鍙椾繚鎶ら毀閬撱€?/p>

Load Balancer锛氭妸娴侀噺鍒嗙粰澶氬彴鍚庣銆?/p>

WAF锛氭鏌?Web 搴旂敤灞傛敾鍑汇€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫唬鐞嗙殑姝ｅ弽涓嶆槸鐪嬫祦閲忕澶存紓涓嶆紓浜紝鑰屾槸鐪嬪畠浠ｈ〃璋佽璇濄€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Load = 璐熻浇锛屽伐浣滈噺銆?/p>

Balancer = 骞宠　鍣ㄣ€?/p>

Load Balancer = 璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣ㄣ€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝涓€涓綉绔欏鏋滃彧鏈変竴鍙版湇鍔″櫒锛岃闂噺涓€澶у氨瀹规槗鎾戜笉浣忋€?/p>

澶氭斁鍑犲彴鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ悗锛屽張瑕佸喅瀹氭瘡涓敤鎴疯姹備氦缁欏摢鍙板鐞嗐€?/p>

璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣ㄥ氨鏄珯鍦ㄥ墠闈㈠垎閰嶈姹傜殑缁勪欢銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Load Balancer锛氳礋杞藉潎琛″櫒銆?/p>

Backend Server锛氬悗绔湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

Pool锛氭湇鍔″櫒姹狅紝涓€缁勫彲鎺ヨ姹傜殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

Health Check锛氬仴搴锋鏌ワ紝妫€鏌ュ悗绔槸鍚﹀彲鐢ㄣ€?/p>

Round Robin锛氳疆璇紝鎸夐『搴忓垎閰嶈姹傘€?/p>

Session Persistence / Sticky Session锛氫細璇濅繚鎸侊紝璁╃敤鎴锋寔缁惤鍒板悓涓€鍚庣銆?/p>

Layer 4 Load Balancing锛氬洓灞傝礋杞藉潎琛★紝涓昏鐪?IP銆佺鍙ｅ拰浼犺緭灞傝繛鎺ャ€?/p>

Layer 7 Load Balancing锛氫竷灞傝礋杞藉潎琛★紝鍙互鎸?HTTP URL銆丠eader锛堝ご閮級绛夊簲鐢ㄥ眰淇℃伅鍒嗘祦銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬彇鍙峰垎娴佸彴銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借〃杈捐姹傛潵浜嗕互鍚庡垎缁欎笉鍚岀獥鍙ｃ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭湇鍔″櫒瑁佸垽銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝鍒ゆ劅澶娊璞★紝娌℃湁鍒嗘祦鐢婚潰銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬埆璁╀竴鍙扮疮姝汇€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借В閲婄洰鐨勶紝浣嗕笉澶熷儚鏈銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃彇鍙峰垎娴佸彴鈥濄€傜敤鎴疯姹傚儚鎺掗槦鍔炰簨锛岃礋杞藉潎琛″櫒鎶婁汉鍒嗗埌涓嶅悓绐楀彛銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Load Balancer = 鍙栧彿鍒嗘祦鍙般€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴疯姹備竴璧锋秾鏉ワ紝鍙栧彿鍙扮湅鍝釜绐楀彛绌恒€佸摢涓獥鍙ｅ潖浜嗐€佸悓涓€涓鎴蜂箣鍓嶅湪鍝釜绐楀彛鍔炶繃浜嬶紝鍐嶆妸璇锋眰鍒嗗埌鍚堥€傛湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Load Balancer 鏄妸瀹㈡埛绔姹傚垎閰嶇粰澶氫釜鍚庣瀹炰緥锛屼互鎻愬崌鎬ц兘銆佸彲鐢ㄦ€у拰鏁呴殰鎭㈠鑳藉姏鐨勭粍浠躲€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍋氭椿鍔紝缃戠珯璁块棶閲忕獊鐒朵笂鏉ャ€?/p>

濡傛灉鎵€鏈夊鎴烽兘鎵撳埌涓€鍙?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣紝杩欏彴鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ緢蹇細鍗′綇銆?/p>

鎶€鏈洟闃熷姞浜嗕笁鍙?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣ㄧ珯鍦ㄥ墠闈€?/p>

瀹冩妸涓€閮ㄥ垎璇锋眰缁欐湇鍔″櫒 A銆?/p>

涓€閮ㄥ垎缁欐湇鍔″櫒 B銆?/p>

涓€閮ㄥ垎缁欐湇鍔″櫒 C銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏈嶅姟鍣?B 鍋ュ悍妫€鏌ュけ璐ワ紝璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣ㄥ氨鏆傛椂涓嶅啀鍒嗙粰瀹冦€?/p>

瀹㈡埛鐪嬪埌鐨勬槸鍚屼竴涓綉绔欙紝鍚庨潰鍏跺疄鏈変竴缁勬湇鍔″櫒鍦ㄥ垎鎷呫€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?load balancing锛堣礋杞藉潎琛★級銆乨istribute traffic锛堝垎鍙戞祦閲忥級锛屽厛鎯?Load Balancer锛堣礋杞藉潎琛″櫒锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?multiple backend servers锛堝涓悗绔湇鍔″櫒锛夈€乻erver pool锛堟湇鍔″櫒姹狅級锛屽厛鎯宠礋杞藉潎琛°€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Layer 4锛堝洓灞傦級鎸?IP/绔彛鍒嗗彂锛屾垨 Layer 7锛堜竷灞傦級鎸?HTTP 鍐呭鍒嗗彂锛屼篃鍙兘鏄礋杞藉潎琛″櫒銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?health check锛堝仴搴锋鏌ワ級銆乫ailover锛堟晠闅滃垏鎹級銆乭igh availability锛堥珮鍙敤锛夛紝涔熷彲鑳界湅璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣ㄣ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?global users need content closer to them锛堝叏鐞冪敤鎴烽渶瑕佹洿杩戝唴瀹癸級锛屾洿鍙兘鏄?CDN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存嫤 SQL 娉ㄥ叆銆乆SS锛屼紭鍏堢湅 WAF銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Load Balancer锛氭妸璇锋眰鍒嗙粰澶氬彴鍚庣銆?/p>

CDN锛氭妸鍐呭缂撳瓨鍒扮鐢ㄦ埛鏇磋繎鐨勮竟缂樿妭鐐广€?/p>

WAF锛氭鏌?Web 搴旂敤鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

Reverse Proxy锛氭浛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴璇锋眰锛屽緢澶氳礋杞藉潎琛″櫒涔熻兘鍋氬弽鍚戜唬鐞嗚兘鍔涖€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氳礋杞藉潎琛′富瑕佽В鍐虫€ц兘鍜屽彲鐢ㄦ€э紝涓嶆槸涓昏瑙ｅ喅搴旂敤婕忔礊銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

CDN = Content Delivery Network锛堝唴瀹瑰垎鍙戠綉缁滐級銆?/p>

WAF = Web Application Firewall锛圵eb 搴旂敤闃茬伀澧欙級銆?/p>

CDN 鐨勯噸鐐规槸 delivery锛堝垎鍙戯級銆?/p>

WAF 鐨勯噸鐐规槸 application firewall锛堝簲鐢ㄩ槻鐏锛夈€?/p>

涓€涓亸鍔犻€熷拰鍒嗘媴娴侀噺銆?/p>

涓€涓亸妫€鏌?Web 璇锋眰鍜屾嫤搴旂敤灞傛敾鍑汇€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

CDN锛欳ontent Delivery Network锛堝唴瀹瑰垎鍙戠綉缁滐級銆?/p>

Edge Node锛氳竟缂樿妭鐐癸紝绂荤敤鎴锋洿杩戠殑缂撳瓨鑺傜偣銆?/p>

Cache锛氱紦瀛橈紝鎶婂唴瀹瑰厛瀛樿捣鏉ャ€?/p>

Latency锛氬欢杩燂紝鐢ㄦ埛绛夊搷搴旂殑鏃堕棿銆?/p>

Origin Server锛氭簮绔欙紝鐪熸鎵樼鍘熷鍐呭鐨勬湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

WAF锛歐eb Application Firewall锛圵eb 搴旂敤闃茬伀澧欙級銆?/p>

SQL Injection锛歋QL 娉ㄥ叆銆?/p>

XSS锛欳ross-Site Scripting锛堣法绔欒剼鏈級銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欳DN = 鍐呭鍒嗗簵銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚唴瀹瑰紑鍒扮鐢ㄦ埛鏇磋繎鐨勫垎搴椼€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛歐AF = 缃戝簲鐢ㄩ槻绾裤€?/p>

淇濈暀銆俉AF 鐨?W 鏄?Web锛孉 鏄?Application锛孎 鏄?Firewall銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欳DN 灏辨槸璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侰DN 鏈夊湴鐞嗗垎鍙戝拰缂撳瓨锛岃礋杞藉潎琛″櫒鏇村鏄湪鍚庣鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ箣闂村垎娴併€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淐DN 鍐呭鍒嗗簵锛學AF Web 闂ㄨ瘖妫€鏌モ€濄€侰DN 璐熻矗绂荤敤鎴疯繎锛學AF 璐熻矗妫€鏌?Web 璇锋眰鏈夋病鏈夌梾鐏躲€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

CDN = 鍐呭鍒嗗簵銆?/p>

WAF = Web 闂ㄨ瘖妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欳DN 鎶婂浘鐗囥€佽棰戙€佽剼鏈繖浜涘唴瀹瑰紑鍒扮鐢ㄦ埛鏇磋繎鐨勫垎搴楋紝璁╃敤鎴峰皯璧拌矾锛沇AF 绔欏湪缃戠珯鍓嶉潰妫€鏌ヨ姹傦紝鎷?SQL 娉ㄥ叆銆乆SS 杩欑被 Web 鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細CDN 鏄垎甯冨紡鍐呭浜や粯鍜岀紦瀛樼綉缁滐紝WAF 鏄潰鍚?Web 搴旂敤灞傝姹傜殑闃叉姢鎺у埗銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍏ㄥ浗閮芥湁瀹㈡埛銆?/p>

鎵€鏈夊浘鐗囬兘浠庝笂娴锋簮绔欏彂锛屽寳鏂瑰拰娴峰鐢ㄦ埛鎵撳紑寰堟參銆?/p>

浜庢槸鍏徃鐢ㄤ簡 CDN銆?/p>

鐑攢鍟嗗搧鍥剧墖琚紦瀛樺埌澶氫釜杈圭紭鑺傜偣銆?/p>

鐢ㄦ埛璁块棶鏃讹紝浠庣鑷繁杩戠殑鑺傜偣鎷垮浘鐗囷紝婧愮珯鍘嬪姏涔熶笅闄嶃€?/p>

鍚庢潵缃戠珯鍙堥亣鍒版伓鎰忚姹傘€?/p>

鏈変汉鍦ㄦ悳绱㈡閲屽 SQL 娉ㄥ叆瀛楃涓层€?/p>

涔熸湁浜哄線璇勮鍖哄鑴氭湰銆?/p>

杩欐椂 CDN 鐨勨€滃唴瀹瑰垎搴椻€濅笉鏄牳蹇冪瓟妗堛€?/p>

瑕佽 WAF 绔欏埌 Web 搴旂敤鍓嶉潰锛屾鏌?HTTP 璇锋眰锛屾妸甯歌 Web 鏀诲嚮鎸′笅鏉ャ€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?CDN銆丆ontent Delivery Network锛堝唴瀹瑰垎鍙戠綉缁滐級锛屽厛鎯冲唴瀹圭紦瀛樸€佽竟缂樿妭鐐广€侀檷浣庡欢杩熴€佸噺杞绘簮绔欏帇鍔涖€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?geographically distributed content锛堝湴鐞嗗垎甯冨唴瀹癸級銆乪dge servers锛堣竟缂樻湇鍔″櫒锛夈€乴ow latency锛堜綆寤惰繜锛夛紝鍏堟兂 CDN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?WAF銆乄eb Application Firewall锛圵eb 搴旂敤闃茬伀澧欙級锛屽厛鎯充繚鎶?Web 搴旂敤銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SQL injection锛圫QL 娉ㄥ叆锛夈€乆SS锛堣法绔欒剼鏈級銆丠TTP application layer attack锛圚TTP 搴旂敤灞傛敾鍑伙級锛屽父鐪?WAF銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存妸璇锋眰鍒嗗埌澶氬彴鍚庣鏈嶅姟鍣紝鍙兘鏄?Load Balancer锛堣礋杞藉潎琛″櫒锛夈€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

CDN锛氬唴瀹规斁杩戯紝鍔犻€熷拰鍒嗘媴婧愮珯鍘嬪姏銆?/p>

Load Balancer锛氬湪鍚庣鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ箣闂村垎閰嶈姹傘€?/p>

WAF锛氭鏌?Web 搴旂敤灞傛敾鍑汇€?/p>

Firewall锛氭洿閫氱敤鐨勭綉缁滄祦閲忔帶鍒躲€?/p>

Secure Coding锛氫粠浠ｇ爜鏍瑰洜涓婁慨婕忔礊銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歐AF 鍙互鎸′竴閮ㄥ垎鏀诲嚮锛屼絾涓嶆槸浠ｇ爜淇鐨勬浛浠ｅ搧銆侰DN 鍙互鍑忚交璁块棶鍘嬪姏锛屼絾涓嶆槸涓撻棬鐢ㄦ潵鎷?SQL 娉ㄥ叆銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DMZ = Demilitarized Zone锛堥殧绂诲尯 / 闈炲啗浜嬪尯锛夈€?/p>

瀹冨湪浜掕仈缃戝拰鍐呯綉涔嬮棿銆?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鍏徃缃戠珯瑕佺粰瀹㈡埛璁块棶銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛鍦ㄥ缃戙€?/p>

缃戠珯鍚庨潰鍙堝彲鑳借鏌ヨ鍗曘€佸簱瀛樸€佹暟鎹簱銆?/p>

濡傛灉鎶婄綉绔欑洿鎺ユ斁杩涘唴缃戯紝澶栭儴鏀诲嚮涓€鎵撲腑缃戠珯锛屽氨鍙兘鏇村鏄撶鍒板唴閮ㄦ牳蹇冪郴缁熴€?/p>

鎵€浠ユ妸瀵瑰鏈嶅姟鏀惧埌 DMZ銆?/p>

DMZ 鍍忔帴寰呭巺锛氬鎴疯兘杩涙帴寰呭巺锛屼絾涓嶈兘鐩存帴杩涜储鍔″鍜屽簱鎴裤€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

DMZ锛欴emilitarized Zone锛堥殧绂诲尯 / 闈炲啗浜嬪尯锛夈€?/p>

Public-facing Server锛氶潰鍚戝叕缃戠殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

Internal Network锛氬唴閮ㄧ綉缁溿€?/p>

Screened Subnet锛氬彈灞忚斀瀛愮綉锛屽父鐢ㄦ潵鎻忚堪 DMZ 璁捐銆?/p>

Three-legged Firewall锛氫笁鎺ュ彛闃茬伀澧欙紝涓€涓帴澶栫綉锛屼竴涓帴鍐呯綉锛屼竴涓帴 DMZ銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬叕鍙告帴寰呭巺銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚鎴疯兘杩涙帴寰呭巺锛屼笉鑳借繘鏍稿績鍔炲叕瀹ゃ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶棬鍙ｇ紦鍐查棿銆?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈句腑闂村尯锛屼絾鐢婚潰涓嶅鎺ュ緟鍘呫€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬唴缃戜粨搴撱€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侱MZ 涓嶆槸鏍稿績鍐呯綉銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃叕鍙告帴寰呭巺鈥濄€傚畠鑳借灏忕櫧璁颁綇瀵瑰鏈嶅姟鍙互鎺ュ緟澶栦汉锛屼絾涓嶈兘璁╁浜虹洿鎺ヨ繘鍐呴儴銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DMZ = 鍏徃鎺ュ緟鍘呫€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴疯兘杩涙帴寰呭巺鎵惧墠鍙帮紝涓嶈兘缁曡繃鍓嶅彴杩涜储鍔″锛涘叕缃戣兘璁块棶 DMZ 鐨勭綉绔欙紝涓嶈兘鐩存帴璁块棶鍐呯綉鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DMZ 鏄綅浜庡叕缃戝拰鍐呯綉涔嬮棿鐨勯殧绂荤綉缁滐紝鐢ㄤ簬鏀剧疆蹇呴』瀵瑰鏆撮湶鐨勬湇鍔★紝骞堕€氳繃闃茬伀澧欓檺鍒跺唴澶栬闂矾寰勩€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瑕佽瀹㈡埛璁块棶瀹樼綉銆?/p>

瀹樼綉蹇呴』鑳戒粠浜掕仈缃戞墦寮€銆?/p>

浣嗚鍗曟暟鎹簱涓嶈兘鐩存帴鏆撮湶缁欎簰鑱旂綉銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鎶婂畼缃戞斁杩?DMZ銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛璁块棶 DMZ 閲岀殑 Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彧閫氳繃鎸囧畾绔彛璁块棶鍐呯綉璁㈠崟鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

瀹㈡埛涓嶈兘鐩存帴杩炴暟鎹簱銆?/p>

濡傛灉瀹樼綉琚敾鍑伙紝鏀诲嚮鑰呭厛钀藉湪鎺ュ緟鍘咃紝涓嶈兘椤烘墜鎵撳紑鎵€鏈夊唴閮ㄦ埧闂淬€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?DMZ銆丏emilitarized Zone锛堥殧绂诲尯 / 闈炲啗浜嬪尯锛夛紝鍏堟兂鍏綉鍜屽唴缃戜箣闂寸殑涓棿鍖恒€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?public-facing web server锛堥潰鍚戝叕缃戠殑 Web 鏈嶅姟鍣級鏀惧湪鍝噷锛屽父鐪?DMZ銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?external DNS銆乵ail relay锛堥偖浠朵腑缁э級銆乺everse proxy锛堝弽鍚戜唬鐞嗭級锛屼篃鍙兘鏀?DMZ銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?VPN concentrator锛圴PN 闆嗕腑鍣級浣滀负澶栭儴鐢ㄦ埛杩涘叆鍏徃鐨勫叆鍙ｏ紝涔熷彲鑳芥斁鍦?DMZ銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠繚鎶ゅ唴閮ㄦ暟鎹簱涓嶈鐩存帴鏆撮湶锛屽父鐪?DMZ 鍔犻槻鐏瑙勫垯銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂姞瀵嗕紶杈擄紝涓嶆槸 DMZ锛屽彲鑳界湅 TLS 鎴?VPN銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

DMZ锛氭斁瀵瑰鏈嶅姟鐨勯殧绂诲尯銆?/p>

VLAN锛氫氦鎹㈡満涓婄殑閫昏緫灞€鍩熺綉銆?/p>

Subnet锛欼P 鍦板潃鑼冨洿涓婄殑瀛愮綉銆?/p>

Firewall Rules锛氭帶鍒?DMZ 鍜屽唴澶栫綉涔嬮棿鍝簺娴侀噺鑳借繃銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欴MZ 涓嶆槸鈥滄渶瀹夊叏鐨勫湴鏂光€濓紝瀹冩槸鍙毚闇叉湇鍔＄殑缂撳啿鍖恒€傛牳蹇冩暟鎹笉瑕佸洜涓烘湁 DMZ 灏辩洿鎺ユ斁杩涘幓銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細VLAN / Virtual LAN / 铏氭嫙灞€鍩熺綉

VLAN 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滆櫄鎷熷眬鍩熺綉鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歏LAN 鏄湪鍚屼竴鎵逛氦鎹㈡満涓婏紝鎶婅澶囬€昏緫鍒嗘垚涓嶅悓灞€鍩熺綉銆備汉鍧愬湪鍚屼竴鍔炲叕瀹わ紝涔熷彲浠ュ儚鍦ㄤ笉鍚岀綉缁滄埧闂撮噷銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

VLAN = Virtual LAN锛堣櫄鎷熷眬鍩熺綉锛夈€?/p>

Virtual 鏄櫄鎷熴€?/p>

LAN 鏄?Local Area Network锛堝眬鍩熺綉锛夈€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝瀹㈡湇銆佽储鍔°€佷粨搴撳彲鑳介兘鎻掑湪鍚屼竴鍙颁氦鎹㈡満涓娿€?/p>

濡傛灉娌℃湁闅旂锛屽畠浠彲鑳藉湪鍚屼竴涓箍鎾煙閲屻€?/p>

VLAN 璁╀氦鎹㈡満閫昏緫涓婂垎鍖恒€?/p>

鍚屼竴鍙颁氦鎹㈡満涓婏紝瀹㈡湇鍙互鏄?VLAN 10锛岃储鍔″彲浠ユ槸 VLAN 20锛岃瀹?Wi-Fi 鍙互鏄?VLAN 30銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

VLAN锛歏irtual LAN锛堣櫄鎷熷眬鍩熺綉锛夈€?/p>

Broadcast Domain锛氬箍鎾煙锛屽箍鎾秷鎭兘浼犲埌鐨勮寖鍥淬€?/p>

Trunk Port锛氬共閬撶鍙ｏ紝鎵胯浇澶氫釜 VLAN銆?/p>

Access Port锛氭帴鍏ュ彛绔彛锛岄€氬父鍙睘浜庝竴涓?VLAN銆?/p>

802.1Q锛歏LAN 鏍囪鏍囧噯銆?/p>

Inter-VLAN Routing锛歏LAN 闂磋矾鐢憋紝涓嶅悓 VLAN 浜掗€氶渶瑕佽矾鐢便€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬悓涓€鏍嬫ゼ閲岀殑閫忔槑闅旈棿銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝澶囧湪鍚屼竴浜ゆ崲鏈虹幆澧冮噷锛屼絾閫昏緫涓婇殧寮€銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶儴闂ㄩ鑹茶创绾搞€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傝兘璁?VLAN 鏍囪锛屼絾涓嶅寮鸿皟闅旂銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氱墿鐞嗘媺鏂扮綉绾裤€?/p>

娣樻卑銆俈LAN 鐨勪环鍊煎氨鏄笉鐢ㄧ墿鐞嗘媶鎴愬緢澶氱綉缁溿€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃悓妤奸€忔槑闅旈棿鈥濄€傚悓涓€鏍嬫ゼ涓嶇瓑浜庡悓涓€涓埧闂达紝鍚屼竴鍙颁氦鎹㈡満涔熶笉绛変簬鍚屼竴涓?VLAN銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

VLAN = 鍚屾ゼ閫忔槑闅旈棿銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鏈嶃€佽储鍔°€佽瀹㈤兘鍦ㄥ悓涓€鏍嬫ゼ锛屼絾閫忔槑闅旈棿鎶婂箍鎾拰璁块棶鑼冨洿闅斿紑锛涜璺ㄩ殧闂磋璇濓紝灏辫璧拌矾鐢辨垨涓夊眰浜ゆ崲銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細VLAN 鏄湪浜ゆ崲缃戠粶涓繘琛岄€昏緫浜屽眰鍒嗘鐨勬柟娉曪紝鐢ㄦ潵闅旂骞挎挱鍩熷拰缁勭粐缃戠粶鍖哄煙銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍔炲叕瀹ゅ彧鏈変竴鎺掍氦鎹㈡満銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐢佃剳銆佽储鍔＄數鑴戙€佷粨搴撶數鑴戦兘鎻掑湪涓婇潰銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨娌℃湁閲嶆柊鎷変笁濂楃墿鐞嗙綉缁溿€?/p>

浠栨妸瀹㈡湇鏀?VLAN 10銆?/p>

璐㈠姟鏀?VLAN 20銆?/p>

璁垮鏃犵嚎鏀?VLAN 30銆?/p>

璁垮鐨勫箍鎾笉浼氳窇杩涜储鍔°€?/p>

瀹㈡湇瑕佽闂储鍔＄郴缁燂紝涔熶笉鑳介潬鍚屼竴鍙颁氦鎹㈡満鐩存帴杩囧幓锛岃€岃缁忚繃璺敱鍜岄槻鐏瑙勫垯銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?VLAN銆乂irtual LAN锛堣櫄鎷熷眬鍩熺綉锛夛紝鍏堟兂浜ゆ崲鏈轰笂鐨勯€昏緫闅旂銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?reduce broadcast domain锛堝噺灏戝箍鎾煙锛夛紝鍏堟兂 VLAN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?802.1Q tagging锛?02.1Q 鏍囪锛夛紝鍏堟兂 VLAN trunk銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?inter-VLAN routing锛圴LAN 闂磋矾鐢憋級锛岃鏄庝笉鍚?VLAN 涔嬮棿瑕佷笁灞傝浆鍙戙€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?port security锛堢鍙ｅ畨鍏級锛岄噸鐐瑰彲鑳芥槸闄愬埗浜ゆ崲鏈虹鍙ｈ兘鎺ュ摢浜?MAC 鍦板潃锛屼笉涓€瀹氭槸 VLAN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存妸鍏綉 Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ斁涓棿鍖猴紝鍙兘鏄?DMZ锛屼笉鏄?VLAN 鏈韩銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

VLAN锛氫簩灞傞€昏緫闅旂銆?/p>

Subnet锛氫笁灞?IP 鍦板潃鑼冨洿銆?/p>

DMZ锛氬叕缃戝拰鍐呯綉涔嬮棿鐨勯殧绂诲尯銆?/p>

Network Segmentation锛氬垎娈佃璁＄洰鏍囷紝VLAN 鏄疄鐜版柟寮忎箣涓€銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歏LAN 涓嶆槸涓囪兘瀹夊叏杈圭晫銆備笉鍚?VLAN 涔嬮棿濡傛灉璺敱鍜岃鍒欐斁澶锛岃繕鏄細浜掗€氥€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Subnetting / 瀛愮綉鍒掑垎

Subnetting 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€淚P 鍦板潃鍚庨潰澶氫簡鏂滄潬鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氬瓙缃戝垝鍒嗘槸鍦?IP 鍦板潃灞傞潰鍒囧潡銆傜綉缁滈儴鍒嗙浉鍚岀殑璁惧鍍忎綇鍦ㄥ悓涓€鐗囪鍖猴紝涓嶅悓琛楀尯涔嬮棿瑕佹壘璺敱鍣ㄨ浆鍙戙€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Subnetting = 瀛愮綉鍒掑垎銆?/p>

Subnet = 瀛愮綉銆?/p>

IP 鍦板潃涓嶆槸鍙〃绀轰竴鍙版満鍣ㄣ€?/p>

瀹冭繕瑕佸憡璇夌綉缁滐細杩欎竴鍙版満鍣ㄥ睘浜庡摢涓綉缁滃潡銆?/p>

Subnet Mask锛堝瓙缃戞帺鐮侊級鎴?CIDR锛堟棤绫诲埆鍩熼棿璺敱锛夊啓娉曪紝姣斿 /24锛屽氨鏄湪璇存槑鍓嶅灏戜綅鏄綉缁滈儴鍒嗐€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Subnet锛氬瓙缃戙€?/p>

Subnet Mask锛氬瓙缃戞帺鐮併€?/p>

CIDR锛欳lassless Inter-Domain Routing锛堟棤绫诲埆鍩熼棿璺敱锛夛紝甯歌鍐欐硶濡?192.168.1.0/24銆?/p>

Network Portion锛氱綉缁滈儴鍒嗐€?/p>

Host Portion锛氫富鏈洪儴鍒嗐€?/p>

Default Gateway锛氶粯璁ょ綉鍏筹紝绂诲紑鏈瓙缃戞椂鍏堟壘瀹冦€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欼P 琛楀尯鍒囧潡銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸鈥滃悓涓€琛楀尯鐩存帴鎵撅紝涓嶅悓琛楀尯鎵捐矾鐢扁€濊娓呮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶棬鐗屽彿鐮佸垎鐗囥€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傝兘璁板湴鍧€锛屼絾涓嶅寮鸿皟缃戠粶鍜屼富鏈洪儴鍒嗐€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬瓙缃戝氨鏄?VLAN銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝繖鏄父瑙佹贩娣嗐€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淚P 琛楀尯鍒囧潡鈥濄€侷P 鍏堢湅灞炰簬鍝墖琛楀尯锛屽啀鐪嬭鍖洪噷鐨勫摢涓€鎴枫€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Subnetting = IP 琛楀尯鍒囧潡銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欼P 鍦板潃鍓嶅崐娈靛儚琛楀尯鍚嶏紝鍚庡崐娈靛儚闂ㄧ墝鍙凤紱鍚屼竴琛楀尯鑳界洿鎺ユ壘锛屼笉鍚岃鍖鸿鍘昏矾鐢卞櫒閭ｉ噷闂矾銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Subnetting 鏄€氳繃瀛愮綉鎺╃爜鎴?CIDR 鎶?IP 鍦板潃绌洪棿鍒掓垚澶氫釜缃戠粶鑼冨洿锛岀敤浜庡湴鍧€绠＄悊銆佸箍鎾帶鍒跺拰璺敱銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏈夊鏈嶅尯銆佷粨搴撳尯鍜屾湇鍔″櫒鍖恒€?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐢?192.168.10.0/24銆?/p>

浠撳簱鐢?192.168.20.0/24銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ敤 192.168.30.0/24銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐢佃剳鎵惧悓瀛愮綉閲岀殑鎵撳嵃鏈猴紝鍙互鐩存帴閫氫俊銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐢佃剳瑕佽闂湇鍔″櫒鍖猴紝灏辫鎶婃祦閲忎氦缁欓粯璁ょ綉鍏炽€?/p>

璺敱鍣ㄥ啀鍐冲畾鑳戒笉鑳借浆杩囧幓銆?/p>

濡傛灉闃茬伀澧欒鍒欎笉鍏佽锛屽湴鍧€鐭ラ亾涔熻繃涓嶅幓銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?subnet mask锛堝瓙缃戞帺鐮侊級銆丆IDR銆?24銆?16锛屽厛鎯?Subnetting锛堝瓙缃戝垝鍒嗭級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?network portion锛堢綉缁滈儴鍒嗭級鍜?host portion锛堜富鏈洪儴鍒嗭級锛屽厛鎯冲瓙缃戙€?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠笉鍚屽瓙缃戜箣闂撮€氫俊锛屽厛鎯?router锛堣矾鐢卞櫒锛夋垨 Layer 3 switch锛堜笁灞備氦鎹㈡満锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?private IP address锛堢鏈?IP 鍦板潃锛夛紝璁?10/8銆?72.16/12銆?92.168/16銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎯崇湡姝ｉ檺鍒惰闂椂锛岃繕瑕佺湅 ACL锛堣闂帶鍒跺垪琛級鎴?firewall rules锛堥槻鐏瑙勫垯锛夈€傚瓙缃戝彧鏄湴鍧€鍜岃矾鐢辫竟鐣岋紝涓嶈嚜鍔ㄧ瓑浜庣姝㈣闂€?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠簩灞傞€昏緫闅旂锛屽彲鑳芥槸 VLAN銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Subnet锛氫笁灞?IP 鍦板潃鑼冨洿銆?/p>

VLAN锛氫簩灞傞€昏緫闅旂銆?/p>

Router锛氫笉鍚屽瓙缃戜箣闂磋浆鍙戙€?/p>

NAT锛氭妸鍦板潃杞崲鎴愬彟涓€涓湴鍧€銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歏LAN 鍜屽瓙缃戝父涓€璧风敤锛屼絾涓嶆槸鍚屼竴涓蹇点€俈LAN 绠′簩灞傞殧绂伙紝瀛愮綉绠′笁灞傚湴鍧€鑼冨洿銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細NAT / PAT / 缃戠粶鍦板潃杞崲涓庣鍙ｅ湴鍧€杞崲

NAT 鍜?PAT 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滃畨鍏ㄩ槻鎶も€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歂AT / PAT 鏄妸鍐呴儴鍦板潃缈昏瘧鎴愬閮ㄥ湴鍧€銆傚畠瑙ｅ喅鍦板潃鎬庝箞鍑哄幓鐨勯棶棰橈紝涓嶇瓑浜庣湡姝ｇ殑璁块棶鎺у埗銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

NAT = Network Address Translation锛堢綉缁滃湴鍧€杞崲锛夈€?/p>

PAT = Port Address Translation锛堢鍙ｅ湴鍧€杞崲锛夈€?/p>

鍏徃鍐呴儴鍙兘鏈夊緢澶氱鏈?IP锛屾瘮濡?192.168.1.10銆?/p>

杩欎釜鍦板潃鍦ㄤ簰鑱旂綉涓婁笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ矾鐢便€?/p>

鍑哄幓璁块棶缃戠珯鏃讹紝杈圭晫璁惧鎶婂唴閮ㄧ鏈夊湴鍧€鎹㈡垚鍏綉鍦板潃銆?/p>

濡傛灉寰堝鍐呴儴璁惧鍏辩敤涓€涓叕缃戝湴鍧€锛屽氨鐢ㄧ鍙ｅ彿鍖哄垎璋佹槸璋侊紝杩欏氨鏄?PAT銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

NAT锛歂etwork Address Translation锛堢綉缁滃湴鍧€杞崲锛夈€?/p>

PAT锛歅ort Address Translation锛堢鍙ｅ湴鍧€杞崲锛夛紝涔熷彨 NAT overload銆?/p>

Private IP锛氱鏈?IP锛屼笉鑳界洿鎺ュ湪鍏綉璺敱銆?/p>

Public IP锛氬叕缃?IP锛屽彲鍦ㄤ簰鑱旂綉璺敱銆?/p>

One-to-One NAT锛氫竴瀵逛竴鍦板潃杞崲銆?/p>

Many-to-One PAT锛氬瀵逛竴绔彛杞崲銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬墠鍙版崲闂ㄧ墝銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚唴閮ㄩ棬鐗屽嚭闂ㄦ椂鎹㈡垚鍏徃瀵瑰闂ㄧ墝銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬浜哄叡鐢ㄤ竴涓绾垮彿鐮併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜壒鍒创 PAT锛岄潬鍒嗘満鍙峰尯鍒嗐€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歂AT 灏辨槸闃茬伀澧欍€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侼AT 鍙兘甯︽潵闅愯棌鏁堟灉锛屼絾涓嶆槸瀹屾暣瀹夊叏鎺у埗銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃墠鍙版崲闂ㄧ墝锛孭AT 鍔犲垎鏈哄彿鈥濄€傝繖鑳芥妸 NAT 鍜?PAT 鍒嗗紑銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

NAT = 鍓嶅彴鎹㈤棬鐗屻€?/p>

PAT = 鍚屼竴涓绾垮彿鐮佸姞鍒嗘満鍙枫€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬唴閮ㄧ數鑴戝嚭闂ㄦ椂锛屽墠鍙版妸鍐呴儴闂ㄧ墝鎹㈡垚鍏徃鍏綉闂ㄧ墝锛涘緢澶氱數鑴戝叡鐢ㄤ竴涓叕缃戦棬鐗屾椂锛屽啀鐢ㄧ鍙ｅ彿褰撳垎鏈哄彿鍒嗘竻鏄皝銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細NAT / PAT 鏄竟鐣岃澶囪繘琛屽湴鍧€鍜岀鍙ｆ槧灏勭殑鏈哄埗锛岀敤浜庣鏈夊湴鍧€璁块棶鍏綉鍜岃妭鐪佸叕缃戝湴鍧€銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍔炲叕瀹ゆ湁 100 鍙扮數鑴戙€?/p>

瀹冧滑閮界敤 192.168 寮€澶寸殑绉佹湁鍦板潃銆?/p>

杩欎簺鍦板潃涓嶈兘鐩存帴鍦ㄤ簰鑱旂綉璺戙€?/p>

鍛樺伐璁块棶缃戠珯鏃讹紝鍑哄彛璁惧鎶?192.168.10.25 鎹㈡垚鍏徃鐨勫叕缃戝湴鍧€銆?/p>

鍙︿竴涓憳宸ヤ篃鐢ㄥ悓涓€涓叕缃戝湴鍧€鍑哄幓銆?/p>

璁惧鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀鍙ｅ彿璁拌处锛氳繖涓繛鎺ユ槸瀹㈡湇 A 鐨勶紝閭ｄ釜杩炴帴鏄储鍔?B 鐨勩€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?PAT銆?/p>

浣嗗鏋滃闈㈡湁鎭舵剰璇锋眰锛屼粛鐒惰闈犻槻鐏瑙勫垯鍒ゆ柇鑳戒笉鑳借繘銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?NAT銆丯etwork Address Translation锛堢綉缁滃湴鍧€杞崲锛夛紝鍏堟兂鍦板潃鏄犲皠銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?PAT銆丳ort Address Translation锛堢鍙ｅ湴鍧€杞崲锛夛紝鍏堟兂澶氫釜鍐呴儴璁惧鍏辩敤涓€涓叕缃?IP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?private IP to public IP锛堢鏈夊湴鍧€杞叕缃戝湴鍧€锛夛紝鍏堟兂 NAT銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?many internal hosts share one public address锛堝鍙板唴閮ㄤ富鏈哄叡浜竴涓叕缃戝湴鍧€锛夛紝鍏堟兂 PAT銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇撮樆姝笉鍏佽鐨勬祦閲忚繘鍏ワ紝浼樺厛鐪?firewall锛堥槻鐏锛夛紝涓嶈鍙€?NAT銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

NAT锛氭敼鍦板潃銆?/p>

PAT锛氭敼鍦板潃鍔犵鍙ｃ€?/p>

Firewall锛氭寜瑙勫垯鍏佽鎴栨嫆缁濇祦閲忋€?/p>

Proxy锛氭浛瀹㈡埛绔垨鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ浆鍙戝簲鐢ㄨ姹傘€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歂AT 涓嶆槸鏈哄瘑鎬ф帶鍒讹紝涔熶笉鏄闂帶鍒舵竻鍗曘€傚畠涓昏鏄湴鍧€杞崲銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細DNS / DNSSEC / 鍩熷悕绯荤粺涓?DNS 瀹夊叏鎵╁睍

DNS 鍜?DNSSEC 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滀竴涓妸缃戝潃鍙?IP锛屼竴涓洿瀹夊叏鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欴NS 鍍忎簰鑱旂綉閫氳褰曪紝鎶婂煙鍚嶆煡鎴?IP锛汥NSSEC 缁欐煡璇㈢粨鏋滃姞鏁板瓧绛惧悕锛岃浣犵煡閬撶瓟妗堟病琚啋鍏呮垨绡℃敼锛屼絾瀹冧笉璐熻矗鎶婂唴瀹瑰姞瀵嗐€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DNS = Domain Name System锛堝煙鍚嶇郴缁燂級銆?/p>

DNSSEC = Domain Name System Security Extensions锛圖NS 瀹夊叏鎵╁睍锛夈€?/p>

浣犺緭鍏?www.example.com銆?/p>

鐢佃剳鐪熸瑕佽繛鎺ョ殑鏄?IP 鍦板潃銆?/p>

DNS 璐熻矗鎶婂悕瀛楁煡鎴愬湴鍧€銆?/p>

闂鏄紝濡傛灉鏈変汉鎶婇€氳褰曟敼浜嗭紝浣犱互涓哄幓浜嗙湡缃戠珯锛屽疄闄呭彲鑳借甯﹀埌鎭舵剰鍦板潃銆?/p>

DNSSEC 鐢ㄦ暟瀛楃鍚嶉獙璇?DNS 绛旀鐨勭湡瀹炴€у拰瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

DNS锛欴omain Name System锛堝煙鍚嶇郴缁燂級銆?/p>

Resolver锛氳В鏋愬櫒锛屽府瀹㈡埛绔煡璇?DNS銆?/p>

Authoritative DNS锛氭潈濞?DNS锛岃礋璐ｆ煇涓煙鍚嶇殑姝ｅ紡绛旀銆?/p>

A Record锛氬煙鍚嶅埌 IPv4 鍦板潃銆?/p>

AAAA Record锛氬煙鍚嶅埌 IPv6 鍦板潃銆?/p>

MX Record锛氶偖浠舵湇鍔″櫒璁板綍銆?/p>

DNSSEC锛欴omain Name System Security Extensions锛圖NS 瀹夊叏鎵╁睍锛夈€?/p>

Digital Signature锛氭暟瀛楃鍚嶏紝鐢ㄦ潵楠岃瘉绛旀娌¤鏀广€佹潵婧愬彲淇°€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欴NS = 閫氳褰曘€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚煙鍚嶆煡鍦板潃闈炲父璐淬€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛欴NSSEC = 閫氳褰曠洊绔犮€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜鍚嶄笉鏄姞瀵嗭紝鍍忕洊绔犵‘璁ょ瓟妗堝彲淇°€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欴NSSEC = 闅愯韩閫氳褰曘€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侱NSSEC 涓嶆彁渚涢殣绉侀殣钘忋€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淒NS 閫氳褰曪紝DNSSEC 鐩栫珷鈥濄€傝繖鑳介槻姝㈡妸 DNSSEC 璇細鎴愬姞瀵嗛€氶亾銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DNS = 閫氳褰曘€?/p>

DNSSEC = 閫氳褰曠洊绔犮€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欴NS 甯綘鎸夊悕瀛楁煡鍦板潃锛汥NSSEC 妫€鏌ヨ繖鏉″湴鍧€鏄笉鏄姝ｅ紡鐩栫珷鐨勭瓟妗堬紝闃叉鏈変汉鎶婇€氳褰曞伔鍋锋敼鎴愬亣鍦板潃銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DNS 璐熻矗鍩熷悕瑙ｆ瀽锛孌NSSEC 閫氳繃鏁板瓧绛惧悕涓?DNS 鍝嶅簲鎻愪緵璁よ瘉鍜屽畬鏁存€т繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

瀹㈡埛瑕佽闂皬鏋楃綉搴椼€?/p>

浠栬緭鍏?shop.example.com銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ厛闂?DNS锛氳繖涓悕瀛楀搴斿摢涓?IP锛?/p>

姝ｅ父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝DNS 杩斿洖灏忔灄缃戝簵鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ湴鍧€銆?/p>

濡傛灉 DNS 缂撳瓨琚薄鏌擄紝瀹㈡埛鍙兘琚甫鍒板亣缃戠珯銆?/p>

DNSSEC 鍍忓湪 DNS 绛旀涓婄洊绔犮€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄦ垨瑙ｆ瀽鍣ㄥ彲浠ユ鏌ヨ繖涓珷鏄笉鏄鐨勩€?/p>

绔犲锛岃鏄庣瓟妗堟病琚鏀广€?/p>

浣嗗埆浜轰粛鍙兘鐭ラ亾浣犳煡浜嗗摢涓煙鍚嶏紝鍥犱负 DNSSEC 鏈韩涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑鏌ヨ鍐呭銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?DNS銆丏omain Name System锛堝煙鍚嶇郴缁燂級锛屽厛鎯冲煙鍚嶅埌 IP 鐨勮В鏋愩€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DNS poisoning锛圖NS 缂撳瓨涓瘨锛夋垨 spoofed DNS response锛堜吉閫?DNS 鍝嶅簲锛夛紝鍏堟兂閿欒鍦板潃琚杩涜В鏋愮粨鏋溿€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DNSSEC锛屽厛鎯虫暟瀛楃鍚嶉獙璇?DNS 绛旀銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?DNSSEC 鎻愪緵浠€涔堬紝绛?authenticity锛堢湡瀹炴€э級鍜?integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級锛屼笉鏄?confidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂粯璁ょ鍙ｏ紝DNS 甯歌鏄?53銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

DNS锛氭煡鍚嶅瓧鍒板湴鍧€銆?/p>

DNSSEC锛氱粰 DNS 绛旀鍋氱鍚嶉獙璇併€?/p>

TLS锛氫繚鎶ゅ簲鐢ㄩ€氫俊閫氶亾銆?/p>

DoH / DoT锛氭妸 DNS 鏌ヨ鏀捐繘 HTTPS 鎴?TLS 淇濇姢涓紝鏇村亸鏌ヨ闅愮鍜屼紶杈撲繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欴NSSEC 涓嶅姞瀵嗙綉椤靛唴瀹癸紝涔熶笉闅愯棌 DNS 鏌ヨ銆傚畠涓昏闃?DNS 绛旀琚吉閫犳垨绡℃敼銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細DHCP Security / DHCP 瀹夊叏

DHCP Security 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滆嚜鍔ㄥ垎 IP鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欴HCP 鏄嚜鍔ㄥ彂缃戠粶閰嶇疆鐨勬煖鍙帮紱DHCP 瀹夊叏瑕侀槻鍋囨煖鍙颁贡鍙戝湴鍧€銆佺綉鍏冲拰 DNS锛屾妸璁惧甯﹀埌閿欒鏂瑰悜銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

DHCP = Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol锛堝姩鎬佷富鏈洪厤缃崗璁級銆?/p>

鐢佃剳鍒氭帴鍏ョ綉缁滄椂锛岄€氬父杩樹笉鐭ラ亾鑷繁璇ョ敤鍝釜 IP銆佺綉鍏炽€丏NS銆?/p>

DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ細鑷姩鍙戣繖浜涢厤缃€?/p>

闂鏄紝濡傛灉缃戠粶閲屽嚭鐜?rogue DHCP server锛堟伓鎰忔垨鏈巿鏉?DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣級锛屽畠涔熻兘鎶㈢潃鍙戦厤缃€?/p>

瀹冨彲鑳芥妸榛樿缃戝叧鍜?DNS 鎸囧埌鏀诲嚮鑰呴偅閲屻€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

DHCP锛欴ynamic Host Configuration Protocol锛堝姩鎬佷富鏈洪厤缃崗璁級銆?/p>

DORA锛欴iscover锛堝彂鐜帮級銆丱ffer锛堟彁渚涳級銆丷equest锛堣姹傦級銆丄cknowledge锛堢‘璁わ級銆?/p>

Lease锛氱绾︼紝鍦板潃涓嶆槸姘镐箙缁欎綘锛岃€屾槸绉熺粰浣犱竴娈垫椂闂淬€?/p>

Default Gateway锛氶粯璁ょ綉鍏炽€?/p>

Rogue DHCP锛氭湭鎺堟潈 DHCP銆?/p>

DHCP Snooping锛欴HCP 鐩戝惉 / DHCP 闃叉姢銆?/p>

Trusted Port锛氬彲淇＄鍙ｏ紝鍏佽鎺ョ湡姝?DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

APIPA锛欰utomatic Private IP Addressing锛堣嚜鍔ㄧ鏈?IP 鍦板潃鍒嗛厤锛夛紝甯歌 169.254.x.x锛岃鏄庡鎴风娌℃嬁鍒版甯?DHCP 鍦板潃銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳嚜鍔ㄥ彂闂ㄧ墝鐨勬煖鍙般€?/p>

淇濈暀銆侷P 鍍忛棬鐗岋紝DHCP 鑷姩鍙戙€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬亣鏌滃彴涔卞彂闂ㄧ墝銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В閲?rogue DHCP銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欴HCP 鏄?DNS銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侱HCP 鍙戦厤缃紝DNS 鏌ュ悕瀛椼€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滅湡鏌滃彴鍙戦棬鐗岋紝鍋囨煖鍙颁細甯﹂敊璺€濄€傝繖鑳芥妸 DHCP 鍜?DHCP 瀹夊叏鍚堝湪涓€璧枫€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

DHCP = 鑷姩鍙戦棬鐗屾煖鍙般€?/p>

DHCP Security = 闃插亣鏌滃彴涔卞彂闂ㄧ墝鍜岃矾绾裤€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱數鑴戣繘缃戠粶鍏堝幓鏌滃彴棰?IP銆佺綉鍏冲拰 DNS锛涘鏋滃亣鏌滃彴鎶㈢潃鍙戯紝鐢佃剳鍙兘鎷垮埌閿欒璺嚎锛屾墍浠ヤ氦鎹㈡満瑕佸彧淇＄湡姝ｆ煖鍙般€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細DHCP Security 鏄繚鎶?DHCP 閰嶇疆鍒嗗彂杩囩▼锛岄槻姝㈡湭鎺堟潈 DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰閿欒缃戠粶閰嶇疆褰卞搷瀹㈡埛绔€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鏂扮數鑴戞帴鍏ュ姙鍏缃戠粶銆?/p>

鐢佃剳寮€鍙ｉ棶锛氳皝缁欐垜 IP锛?/p>

姝ｅ父 DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ洖绛旓細浣犵敤 192.168.10.50锛岀綉鍏虫槸 192.168.10.1锛孌NS 鏄叕鍙?DNS銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏈夊憳宸ョ鎺ヤ簡涓€涓皬璺敱鍣紝瀹冧篃鍙兘鍥炵瓟銆?/p>

鐢佃剳鍙兘鎷垮埌閿欒缃戝叧銆?/p>

娴侀噺琚甫鍒颁笉璇ュ幓鐨勫湴鏂广€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鍦ㄤ氦鎹㈡満涓婂紑 DHCP Snooping銆?/p>

鍙湁杩炴帴鐪熸 DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑绔彛琚爣涓哄彲淇°€?/p>

鍏朵粬绔彛涓嶈涔卞彂 DHCP Offer銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?DHCP銆丏ynamic Host Configuration Protocol锛堝姩鎬佷富鏈洪厤缃崗璁級锛屽厛鎯宠嚜鍔ㄥ垎閰?IP 閰嶇疆銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?rogue DHCP server锛堟湭鎺堟潈 DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣級锛屽厛鎯冲亣鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彂閿欓厤缃€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DHCP Snooping锛圖HCP 鐩戝惉锛夛紝鍏堟兂浜ゆ崲鏈哄彧淇″彲淇?DHCP 绔彛銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?DORA锛岃 Discover銆丱ffer銆丷equest銆丄cknowledge銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村鎴风鎷垮埌 169.254.x.x锛屽厛鎯?DHCP 澶辫触鍚庤嚜鍔ㄥ垎閰?APIPA 鍦板潃銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?DHCP snooping 鍦ㄥ仛浠€涔堬紝閲嶇偣鏄檺鍒跺摢浜涚鍙ｈ兘鍙?DHCP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ搷搴旓紝涓嶆槸缁欑敤鎴峰仛韬唤璁よ瘉銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?DNS 瑙ｆ瀽锛屼笉鏄?DHCP锛汥HCP 鍙互鍛婅瘔浣?DNS 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ湴鍧€锛屼絾涓嶈礋璐ｈВ鏋愬煙鍚嶃€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

DHCP锛氬彂 IP銆佺綉鍏炽€丏NS 绛夌綉缁滈厤缃€?/p>

DNS锛氭妸鍩熷悕瑙ｆ瀽鎴?IP銆?/p>

NAC锛氭帶鍒惰澶囪兘涓嶈兘杩涚綉缁溿€?/p>

ARP锛欼P 鍒?MAC 鐨勬湰鍦拌В鏋愩€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欴HCP 瀹夊叏涓嶆槸鈥滄妸鍦板潃鍐欐鈥濄€傝€冭瘯甯哥湅 rogue DHCP 鍜?DHCP Snooping銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Wireless Security / 鏃犵嚎瀹夊叏

Wireless Security 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳?Wi-Fi 瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氭棤绾垮畨鍏ㄨ淇濇姢鐨勬槸绌轰腑鐨勮繛鎺ャ€傚洜涓轰俊鍙蜂細椋樺嚭澧欏锛屾墍浠ヨ鍚屾椂绠″姞瀵嗐€佽璇併€佹帴鍏ョ偣銆佷俊鍙疯寖鍥村拰鍋囩儹鐐广€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Wireless Security = 鏃犵嚎瀹夊叏銆?/p>

鏈夌嚎缃戠粶瑕佹彃绾裤€?/p>

鏃犵嚎缃戠粶闈犵┖涓俊鍙枫€?/p>

杩欏甫鏉ヤ竴涓棶棰橈細鏀诲嚮鑰呬笉涓€瀹氳杩涘姙鍏銆?/p>

浠栧彲鑳界珯鍦ㄦゼ涓嬶紝灏辫兘鐪嬪埌鏃犵嚎缃戠粶鍚嶇О锛屽皾璇曡繛鎺ャ€佺洃鍚垨浼€犵儹鐐广€?/p>

鎵€浠ユ棤绾垮畨鍏ㄤ笉鑳藉彧闈犫€滃埆璁╀汉鐭ラ亾鍚嶅瓧鈥濄€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

SSID锛歋ervice Set Identifier锛堟棤绾跨綉缁滃悕绉帮級銆?/p>

AP锛欰ccess Point锛堟帴鍏ョ偣锛夈€?/p>

Rogue AP锛氭湭鎺堟潈鎺ュ叆鐐广€?/p>

Evil Twin锛氫豢鍐掔儹鐐癸紝鍚嶅瓧鍍忕湡鐨勶紝璁╃敤鎴疯繛閿欍€?/p>

War Driving / War Walking锛氬紑杞︽垨姝ヨ鎵弿鍛ㄥ洿鏃犵嚎缃戠粶銆?/p>

Channel Overlap锛氫俊閬撻噸鍙狅紝淇″彿寮轰絾鎬ц兘宸椂甯歌銆?/p>

WPS锛歐i-Fi Protected Setup锛圵i-Fi 淇濇姢璁剧疆锛夛紝鏂逛究杩炴帴浣嗗彲鑳借鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

802.1X锛氬熀浜庣鍙ｇ殑缃戠粶璁块棶鎺у埗锛屼紒涓氭棤绾垮父鐢ㄣ€?/p>

EAP锛欵xtensible Authentication Protocol锛堝彲鎵╁睍璁よ瘉鍗忚锛夈€?/p>

Site Survey锛氭棤绾垮嫎娴嬶紝妫€鏌ヨ鐩栬寖鍥村拰淇″彿鎯呭喌銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱┖涓棬绂併€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛棤绾夸笉鏄嚎鎻掑湪鍝噷锛岃€屾槸绌轰腑鍏ュ彛璋佽兘杩涖€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氳棌 Wi-Fi 鍚嶅瓧灏卞畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞殣钘?SSID 涓嶆槸鍙潬瀹夊叏鎺у埗銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭ゼ澶栦篃鑳界湅鍒伴棬鐗屻€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借В閲婃棤绾夸俊鍙疯秺鐣屻€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滅┖涓棬绂佲€濄€傛棤绾垮畨鍏ㄥ氨鏄粰鐪嬩笉瑙佺殑绌轰腑鍏ュ彛鍋氳璇併€佸姞瀵嗗拰鐩戞帶銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Wireless Security = 绌轰腑闂ㄧ銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭棤绾夸俊鍙蜂細椋樺嚭鍘伙紝闂ㄤ笉鍦ㄥ涓婏紝鑰屽湪绌轰腑锛涜闈犲己璁よ瘉銆佸己鍔犲瘑銆佸彈绠?AP銆佽瀹㈤殧绂诲拰鍋囩儹鐐规娴嬫潵瀹堥棬銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Wireless Security 鏄繚鎶ゆ棤绾挎帴鍏ャ€佹棤绾夸紶杈撳拰鏃犵嚎鍩虹璁炬柦锛岄槻姝㈡湭鎺堟潈鎺ュ叆銆佺獌鍚€佷豢鍐掑拰閿欒閰嶇疆銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍔炲叕瀹ゅ紑浜嗗叕鍙?Wi-Fi銆?/p>

鍛樺伐鍧愬湪灞嬮噷鑳借繛銆?/p>

妤奸亾閲屼篃鑳芥悳鍒拌繖涓悕瀛椼€?/p>

濡傛灉鍙缃畝鍗曞瘑鐮侊紝澶栦汉鍙兘鐚滃嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

濡傛灉鏈変汉绉佹帴涓€涓悓鍚嶇儹鐐癸紝鍛樺伐鍙兘杩炲埌鍋囩殑銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鎶婂憳宸ユ棤绾挎敼鎴?WPA3-Enterprise銆?/p>

鐧诲綍璧?802.1X 鍜?RADIUS銆?/p>

璁垮 Wi-Fi 鏀惧埌鍗曠嫭 VLAN銆?/p>

鏃犵嚎鎺у埗鍣ㄧ洃娴嬫湭鎺堟潈 AP銆?/p>

淇″彿鍔熺巼涔熻皟鍒板垰濂借鐩栧姙鍏尯锛屼笉闅忎究椋樺お杩溿€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?wireless security锛堟棤绾垮畨鍏級锛屽厛鎯宠璇併€佸姞瀵嗐€佹帴鍏ョ偣鍜屼俊鍙疯寖鍥淬€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?rogue AP锛堟湭鎺堟潈鎺ュ叆鐐癸級锛屽厛鎯虫湭缁忔壒鍑嗙殑鏃犵嚎鎺ュ叆鐐广€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?evil twin锛堜豢鍐掔儹鐐癸級锛屽厛鎯冲亣鐑偣璇卞鐢ㄦ埛杩炴帴銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?war driving / war walking锛堟壂鎻忔棤绾跨綉缁滐級锛屽厛鎯虫棤绾跨綉缁滄毚闇插拰鍕樻祴銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠俊鍙峰己浣嗘棤绾挎€ц兘宸紝鍙兘鐪?channel overlap锛堜俊閬撻噸鍙狅級銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?WPS锛岃浣忓畠鏂逛究浣嗕笉閫傚悎浣滀负浼佷笟寮哄畨鍏ㄤ緷璧栥€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SSID hiding锛堥殣钘?SSID锛夋垨 MAC filtering锛圡AC 杩囨护锛夛紝涓嶈褰撴垚寮哄畨鍏ㄤ富鏂规銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?enterprise wireless authentication锛堜紒涓氭棤绾胯璇侊級锛屽父鐪?802.1X / EAP / RADIUS銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Wireless Security锛氭棤绾挎帴鍏ユ暣浣撳畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

WPA2 / WPA3锛氫繚鎶?Wi-Fi 鐨勫叿浣撳畨鍏ㄥ崗璁€?/p>

NAC锛氳澶囧噯鍏ユ帶鍒讹紝鍙敤浜庢棤绾挎帴鍏ャ€?/p>

VPN锛氬湪缃戠粶涓婂缓鍔犲瘑闅ч亾锛屼笉绛変簬鏃犵嚎鏈韩瀹夊叏銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氭棤绾垮畨鍏ㄤ笉鏄€滃瘑鐮佸鏉備竴鐐光€濆氨缁撴潫銆傝€冭瘯鏇寸湅浼佷笟璁よ瘉銆佸姞瀵嗗崗璁€佹湭鎺堟潈鎺ュ叆鐐瑰拰浠垮啋鐑偣銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細WPA2 / WPA3 / Wi-Fi 淇濇姢璁块棶

WPA2 鍜?WPA3 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€淲PA3 鏇存柊鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歐PA2 / WPA3 鏄繚鎶?Wi-Fi 杩炴帴鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ崗璁€俉PA2 涓昏璁?AES-CCMP锛學PA3 涓昏璁版洿寮烘彙鎵嬨€佸墠鍚戜繚瀵嗗拰鏇村ソ鐨勫紑鏀剧綉缁滀繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

WPA = Wi-Fi Protected Access锛圵i-Fi 淇濇姢璁块棶锛夈€?/p>

WPA2 鏄笂涓€浠ｄ富娴佸畨鍏ㄥ崗璁€?/p>

WPA3 鏄洿鏂扮殑瀹夊叏鍗忚銆?/p>

瀹冧滑鐨勬牳蹇冧换鍔℃槸锛氳鏃犵嚎杩炴帴涓嶅鏄撹绐冨惉銆佸啋鐢ㄥ拰鐮磋В銆?/p>

娉ㄦ剰锛歐EP 宸蹭笉瀹夊叏銆?/p>

鏃╂湡 WPA 浣跨敤 TKIP锛屼篃涓嶅簲褰撲綔涓虹幇浠ｉ閫夈€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

WPA锛歐i-Fi Protected Access锛圵i-Fi 淇濇姢璁块棶锛夈€?/p>

WPA2锛氱浜屼唬 Wi-Fi 淇濇姢璁块棶銆?/p>

WPA3锛氱涓変唬 Wi-Fi 淇濇姢璁块棶銆?/p>

AES锛欰dvanced Encryption Standard锛堥珮绾у姞瀵嗘爣鍑嗭級銆?/p>

CCMP锛欳ounter Mode with CBC-MAC Protocol锛學PA2 甯歌鍔犲瘑涓庡畬鏁存€ф満鍒躲€?/p>

SAE锛歋imultaneous Authentication of Equals锛堝悓鏃惰璇佺瓑浠凤級锛學PA3-Personal 鐨勫叧閿彙鎵嬫満鍒躲€?/p>

Enterprise锛氫紒涓氭ā寮忥紝甯哥粨鍚?802.1X 鍜?RADIUS銆?/p>

PSK锛歅re-Shared Key锛堥鍏变韩瀵嗛挜锛夛紝澶氫汉鍏辩敤鍚屼竴涓棤绾垮瘑鐮佹椂甯歌銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛歐i-Fi 闂ㄩ攣鍗囩骇銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆俉EP 鏄棫閿侊紝WPA2 鏄富娴侀攣锛學PA3 鏄柊閿併€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬瘑鐮佸啓澧欎笂銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚畠鍙〃杈惧急瀵嗙爜锛屼笉琛ㄨ揪鍗忚宸紓銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氬搴挜鍖欏拰鍏徃闂ㄧ銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆侾ersonal 鍜?Enterprise 鍖哄垎寰堣创銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淲i-Fi 闂ㄩ攣鍗囩骇锛屽搴挜鍖?vs 鍏徃闂ㄧ鈥濄€傚畠鑳藉悓鏃惰鐗堟湰鍜屾ā寮忋€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

WPA2 / WPA3 = Wi-Fi 闂ㄩ攣鍗囩骇銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歐EP 鏄棫閿佸埆鐢紝WPA2 鏄垚鐔熶富娴侀攣锛學PA3 鏄洿鏂伴攣锛涘閲屽父鐢ㄥ叡浜瘑鐮侊紝浼佷笟瑕佽蛋 802.1X 鍜?RADIUS 闂ㄧ銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細WPA2 / WPA3 鏄?Wi-Fi 瀹夊叏鍗忚锛岀敤浜庢棤绾胯璇佸拰鍔犲瘑锛沇PA3 鎻愪緵姣?WPA2 鏇村己鐨勮璇佸拰淇濇姢鑳藉姏銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵浠ュ墠鐢ㄨ€佽矾鐢卞櫒銆?/p>

鏃犵嚎杩樺紑鐫€ WEP銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨鐪嬪埌鍚庣珛鍒昏瀹冮€€褰广€?/p>

鍚庢潵鍔炲叕瀹ゆ敼鎴?WPA2-Enterprise銆?/p>

鍛樺伐鐧诲綍 Wi-Fi 鏃惰蛋涓汉璐﹀彿鍜?RADIUS銆?/p>

璁垮缃戠粶鍗曠嫭闅旂銆?/p>

鍐嶅悗鏉ユ柊璁惧鏀寔 WPA3銆?/p>

鍏徃閫愭寮€鍚?WPA3銆?/p>

浣嗗畨鍏ㄥ悓浜嬩粛鐒舵彁閱掞細鍗忚鍐嶅己锛屼篃涓嶈兘鎶婂叡浜瘑鐮佽鎴?12345678銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?WEP锛岄€氬父鎯充笉瀹夊叏銆佸凡娣樻卑銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?WPA2锛屽父鐪?AES-CCMP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?WPA3锛屽父鐪?SAE銆佹洿寮鸿璇佸拰鏇寸幇浠ｄ繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?PSK锛堥鍏变韩瀵嗛挜锛夛紝瑕佹兂鍒板叡浜瘑鐮佷笉鍒╀簬閫愮敤鎴疯拷璐ｃ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?enterprise Wi-Fi锛堜紒涓氭棤绾匡級锛屽父鐪?802.1X / EAP / RADIUS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?personal Wi-Fi锛堜釜浜烘ā寮忥級锛屽父鐪嬮鍏变韩瀵嗙爜鎴?SAE銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

WEP锛氭棫鍗忚锛屼笉瀹夊叏銆?/p>

WPA / TKIP锛氳繃娓℃柟妗堬紝涓嶆槸鐜颁唬棣栭€夈€?/p>

WPA2锛欰ES-CCMP锛岄暱鏈熶富娴併€?/p>

WPA3锛氭洿鏂板崗璁紝鎻愪緵鏇村己鎻℃墜鍜屼繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

802.1X锛氫紒涓氳璇佹鏋讹紝涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑绠楁硶鏈韩銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歐PA2/WPA3 鏄棤绾垮畨鍏ㄥ崗璁紝涓嶆槸 VPN锛屼篃涓嶆槸 NAC銆備紒涓氭棤绾垮父鎶?WPA 鍜?802.1X/RADIUS 缁勫悎璧锋潵銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Bluetooth = 钃濈墮锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬鐭窛绂讳釜浜鸿澶囪繛鎺ャ€?/p>

Zigbee = 涓€绉嶄綆鍔熻€楁棤绾跨綉缁滄妧鏈紝甯哥敤浜?IoT锛堢墿鑱旂綉锛夎澶囥€佷紶鎰熷櫒鍜岃嚜鍔ㄥ寲鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

瀹冧滑閮戒笉鏄櫘閫氬叕鍙?Wi-Fi銆?/p>

钃濈墮鏇村儚鑰虫満銆侀敭鐩樸€佹墜鏈恒€佺瑪璁版湰涔嬮棿鐨勮繎璺濈杩炴帴銆?/p>

Zigbee 鏇村儚寰堝浣庡姛鑰楀皬璁惧缁勬垚鐨勪紶鎰熷櫒缃戠粶銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Bluetooth锛氳摑鐗欙紝鐭窛绂绘棤绾胯繛鎺ャ€?/p>

PAN锛歅ersonal Area Network锛堜釜浜哄尯鍩熺綉锛夈€?/p>

Pairing锛氶厤瀵癸紝涓や釜璁惧寤虹珛淇′换鍏崇郴銆?/p>

Discoverable Mode锛氬彲鍙戠幇妯″紡锛岃澶囪兘琚叾浠栬澶囨悳绱㈠埌銆?/p>

Zigbee锛氫綆鍔熻€楁棤绾跨綉缁滄妧鏈€?/p>

IoT锛欼nternet of Things锛堢墿鑱旂綉锛夈€?/p>

AES锛欰dvanced Encryption Standard锛堥珮绾у姞瀵嗘爣鍑嗭級锛孼igbee 甯哥敤鏉ヤ繚鎶ゆ祦閲忋€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氳摑鐗?= 杩戣韩閰嶅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忕煭璺濈鍜岄厤瀵广€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛歓igbee = 灏忚澶囩渷鐢电綉銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借浣忎綆鍔熻€?IoT 鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歓igbee = 3DES銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傞搴撲緥瀛愰噷 Zigbee 淇濇姢鏁版嵁娴侀噺鐢?AES锛屼笉鏄?3DES銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滆摑鐗欒繎韬厤瀵癸紝Zigbee 灏忚澶囩渷鐢电綉锛屼繚鎶ゆ祦閲忕湅 AES鈥濄€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Bluetooth = 杩戣韩閰嶅銆?/p>

Zigbee = 灏忚澶囩渷鐢电綉銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氳摑鐗欒鐭窛绂昏澶囬厤瀵癸紱Zigbee 璁颁綆鍔熻€?IoT 浼犳劅鍣ㄧ綉缁滐紱棰樼洰闂?Zigbee 娴侀噺淇濇姢锛屽洖鍒?AES銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Bluetooth 闈㈠悜杩戣窛绂讳釜浜鸿澶囬€氫俊锛孼igbee 闈㈠悜浣庡姛鑰楃墿鑱旂綉缃戠粶锛孼igbee 浣跨敤 AES 鏈哄埗淇濇姢鏁版嵁娴侀噺銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵浠撳簱鏈変袱绫绘棤绾胯澶囥€?/p>

瀹㈡湇妗屼笂鏈夎摑鐗欓敭鐩樺拰钃濈墮鑰虫満銆?/p>

瀹冧滑瑕侀厤瀵癸紝鏈€濂戒笉瑕佷竴鐩村鍦ㄥ彲鍙戠幇妯″紡銆?/p>

浠撳簱璐ф灦涓婃湁寰堝浣庡姛鑰椾紶鎰熷櫒銆?/p>

杩欎簺浼犳劅鍣ㄤ笉闇€瑕佸儚 Wi-Fi 閭ｆ牱楂橀€熶紶澶ф枃浠躲€?/p>

瀹冧滑鏇村叧蹇冪渷鐢点€佺ǔ瀹氥€佽兘缁勬垚灏忚澶囩綉缁溿€?/p>

杩欑被鍦烘櫙甯哥湅鍒?Zigbee銆?/p>

濡傛灉棰樼洰闂?Zigbee 鐢ㄤ粈涔堜繚鎶ゆ暟鎹祦閲忥紝绛旀瑕佸洖鍒?AES銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?Bluetooth锛堣摑鐗欙級锛屽厛鎯崇煭璺濈銆侀厤瀵广€佷釜浜哄尯鍩熺綉銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?pairing锛堥厤瀵癸級銆乨iscoverable mode锛堝彲鍙戠幇妯″紡锛夈€亀eak PIN锛堝急 PIN锛夛紝甯哥湅钃濈墮瀹夊叏銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Zigbee锛屽厛鎯充綆鍔熻€?IoT 鍜屼紶鎰熷櫒缃戠粶銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?Zigbee 鐢ㄤ粈涔堝畨鍏ㄦ満鍒朵繚鎶ゆ暟鎹祦閲忥紝閫?AES encryption锛圓ES 鍔犲瘑锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠紒涓?Wi-Fi銆乄PA2銆乄PA3锛屼笉瑕侀€?Bluetooth 鎴?Zigbee銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Bluetooth锛氱煭璺濈涓汉璁惧杩炴帴銆?/p>

Zigbee锛氫綆鍔熻€?IoT 缃戠粶銆?/p>

Wi-Fi锛氭棤绾垮眬鍩熺綉锛屽父瑙?WPA2/WPA3銆?/p>

NFC锛氳繎鍦洪€氫俊锛岃窛绂绘洿鐭€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歓igbee 棰樹笉瑕佸嚟鈥滄棤绾库€濆幓閫?WPA锛屼篃涓嶈閫?3DES銆丷OT13 鎴?Blowfish銆傜湅鍒?Zigbee 鏁版嵁娴侀噺淇濇姢锛屼紭鍏堣 AES銆?/p>

鏈?AES 涓嶇瓑浜庨厤缃竴瀹氬畨鍏紱鏃犵嚎鍜?IoT 棰樿繕瑕佺湅 key management锛堝瘑閽ョ鐞嗭級銆侀粯璁ら厤缃€乸airing / joining锛堥厤瀵?/ 鍏ョ綉锛夈€佸浐浠舵洿鏂板拰鍙楅檺璁惧椋庨櫓銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細SDN / VPC / 杞欢瀹氫箟缃戠粶涓庤櫄鎷熺鏈変簯

SDN 鍜?VPC 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滈兘鏄簯閲岀殑缃戠粶鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歋DN 鏄妸缃戠粶鎺у埗浠庤澶囬噷鎶藉嚭鏉ラ泦涓紪鎺掞紱VPC 鏄簯閲岀粰浣犲垝鍑轰竴鍧楀儚绉佹湁缃戠粶鐨勭┖闂达紝璁╀綘鑷繁鍒嗗瓙缃戙€佽矾鐢卞拰瀹夊叏瑙勫垯銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

SDN = Software-Defined Networking锛堣蒋浠跺畾涔夌綉缁滐級銆?/p>

VPC = Virtual Private Cloud锛堣櫄鎷熺鏈変簯锛夈€?/p>

SDN 瑙ｅ喅鐨勬槸鈥滅綉缁滄€庝箞琚泦涓帶鍒跺拰鑷姩缂栨帓鈥濄€?/p>

VPC 瑙ｅ喅鐨勬槸鈥滄垜鍦ㄥ叕鏈変簯閲屾€庢牱鎷ユ湁涓€鍧楅殧绂荤殑缃戠粶绌洪棿鈥濄€?/p>

涓€涓亸缃戠粶鎺у埗鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

涓€涓亸浜戠綉缁滅幆澧冦€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

SDN锛歋oftware-Defined Networking锛堣蒋浠跺畾涔夌綉缁滐級銆?/p>

Control Plane锛氭帶鍒跺钩闈紝鍐冲畾鎬庝箞杞彂銆?/p>

Data Plane锛氭暟鎹钩闈紝瀹為檯杞彂娴侀噺銆?/p>

Controller锛氭帶鍒跺櫒锛岄泦涓鐞嗙綉缁滅瓥鐣ャ€?/p>

Northbound API锛氬寳鍚?API锛岀粰搴旂敤鎴栫紪鎺掔郴缁熻皟鐢ㄦ帶鍒跺櫒鑳藉姏銆?/p>

Southbound API锛氬崡鍚?API锛屾帶鍒跺櫒鍚戠綉缁滆澶囦笅鍙戞寚浠ゃ€?/p>

VPC锛歏irtual Private Cloud锛堣櫄鎷熺鏈変簯锛夈€?/p>

Security Group锛氬畨鍏ㄧ粍锛屼簯閲屽父瑙佺殑瀹炰緥绾ц闂鍒欍€?/p>

Route Table锛氳矾鐢辫〃锛屽喅瀹氬瓙缃戞祦閲忓線鍝噷璧般€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛歋DN = 閬ユ帶浜ら€氱伅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傛帶鍒跺櫒缁熶竴鎸囨尌杞彂璁惧銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛歏PC = 浜戦噷鍦堝湴銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借〃杈句簯涓€昏緫闅旂缃戠粶銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歏PC = VPN銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傚悕瀛楀儚锛屼絾涓嶆槸鍚屼竴涓蹇点€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淪DN 閬ユ帶浜ら€氱伅锛孷PC 浜戦噷鍦堝湴鈥濄€備竴涓鎺у埗鏂瑰紡锛屼竴涓浜戦噷缃戠粶绌洪棿銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

SDN = 閬ユ帶浜ら€氱伅銆?/p>

VPC = 浜戦噷鍦堝湴銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歋DN 璁╂帶鍒跺櫒缁熶竴鏀逛氦閫氱伅锛屽喅瀹氭祦閲忔€庝箞璧帮紱VPC 鏄簯閲岀粰灏忔灄缃戝簵鍦堝嚭涓€鍧楃綉缁滃湴鐩橈紝閲岄潰鍐嶅垎瀛愮綉銆佽矾鐢卞拰瀹夊叏瑙勫垯銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細SDN 鏄€氳繃杞欢鎺у埗鍣ㄩ泦涓鐞嗙綉缁滆浆鍙戠瓥鐣ョ殑鏋舵瀯锛孷PC 鏄叕鏈変簯涓€昏緫闅旂鐨勭鏈夌綉缁滅幆澧冦€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鎶婁竴閮ㄥ垎绯荤粺杩佸埌浜戜笂銆?/p>

浠栧厛寤轰竴涓?VPC銆?/p>

杩欎釜 VPC 鍍忎簯閲岀殑涓€鍧楃嫭绔嬪洯鍖恒€?/p>

鍥尯閲屽垎鍏紑瀛愮綉鍜岀鏈夊瓙缃戙€?/p>

鍏紑瀛愮綉鏀捐礋杞藉潎琛″櫒銆?/p>

绉佹湁瀛愮綉鏀惧簲鐢ㄥ拰鏁版嵁搴撱€?/p>

瀹夊叏缁勯檺鍒跺摢浜涚鍙ｈ兘杩涖€?/p>

璺敱琛ㄥ喅瀹氭祦閲忚兘涓嶈兘鍑轰簰鑱旂綉銆?/p>

鍙︿竴杈癸紝缃戠粶鍥㈤槦鐢?SDN 鎺у埗鍣ㄧ粺涓€涓嬪彂绛栫暐銆?/p>

涓嶇敤涓€鍙板彴鎵嬪伐鏀硅澶囷紝鑰屾槸鐢辨帶鍒跺櫒闆嗕腑缂栨帓娴侀噺璺緞銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?SDN銆丼oftware-Defined Networking锛堣蒋浠跺畾涔夌綉缁滐級锛屽厛鎯虫帶鍒跺钩闈㈠拰鏁版嵁骞抽潰鍒嗙銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?centralized controller锛堥泦涓帶鍒跺櫒锛夈€乸rogrammable network锛堝彲缂栫▼缃戠粶锛夈€乶etwork automation锛堢綉缁滆嚜鍔ㄥ寲锛夛紝甯哥湅 SDN銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?northbound API锛堝寳鍚?API锛夛紝閲嶇偣鏄簲鐢ㄦ垨缂栨帓骞冲彴閫氳繃 API 璋冪敤 SDN 鎺у埗鍣ㄣ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?spine-and-leaf锛堣剨鍙舵灦鏋勶級锛屽父瑙佷簬澶у瀷鏁版嵁涓績缃戠粶璁捐锛屽彲鑳藉拰 SDN 鏁版嵁涓績棰樹竴璧峰嚭鐜般€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?VPC銆乂irtual Private Cloud锛堣櫄鎷熺鏈変簯锛夛紝鍏堟兂浜戦噷鐨勯€昏緫闅旂缃戠粶銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?cloud subnet锛堜簯瀛愮綉锛夈€乺oute table锛堣矾鐢辫〃锛夈€乻ecurity group锛堝畨鍏ㄧ粍锛夛紝甯哥湅 VPC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村姞瀵嗛毀閬撲粠澶栭儴杩炲叕鍙革紝鍙兘鏄?VPN锛屼笉鏄?VPC銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

SDN锛氳蒋浠堕泦涓帶鍒剁綉缁溿€?/p>

VPC锛氫簯閲岀殑閫昏緫绉佹湁缃戠粶銆?/p>

VPN锛氬彈淇濇姢闅ч亾銆?/p>

VLAN锛氭湰鍦颁氦鎹㈢綉缁滅殑閫昏緫灞€鍩熺綉銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歏PC 閲岀殑鈥淧rivate鈥濅笉鏄澶╃劧瀹夊叏锛屽彧鏄€昏緫闅旂銆傚畨鍏ㄤ粛鐒惰闈犲瓙缃戙€佽矾鐢辫〃銆佸畨鍏ㄧ粍銆丯ACL 鍜岃韩浠芥潈闄愭纭厤缃€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細ARP / ARP Spoofing / 鍦板潃瑙ｆ瀽鍗忚涓?ARP 娆洪獥

ARP 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€淚P 鎵?MAC鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欰RP 鏄湪鏈湴缃戠粶閲岄棶鈥滆繖涓?IP 瀵瑰簲鍝紶缃戝崱鍦板潃鈥濓紱ARP 娆洪獥灏辨槸鏈変汉鍐掑厖鍥炵瓟锛屾妸娴侀噺楠楀埌鑷繁閭ｉ噷銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

ARP = Address Resolution Protocol锛堝湴鍧€瑙ｆ瀽鍗忚锛夈€?/p>

IP 鍦板潃鍍忚閬撳湴鍧€銆?/p>

MAC 鍦板潃鍍忔湰鍦扮綉缁滈噷鐨勫骇浣嶅彿銆?/p>

鐢佃剳瑕佸湪鍚屼竴涓眬鍩熺綉閲屽彂鏁版嵁锛屾渶缁堣鐭ラ亾瀵规柟鐨?MAC 鍦板潃銆?/p>

濡傛灉缂撳瓨閲屾病鏈夛紝灏卞箍鎾棶涓€鍙ワ細璋佹槸杩欎釜 IP锛?/p>

鐪熸鐨勮澶囧洖绛旓細杩欎釜 IP 鏄垜锛屾垜鐨?MAC 鏄繖涓€?/p>

ARP 娆洪獥鐨勯棶棰樺湪浜庯細鏀诲嚮鑰呬篃鍙互鎶㈢瓟銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

ARP锛欰ddress Resolution Protocol锛堝湴鍧€瑙ｆ瀽鍗忚锛夈€?/p>

ARP Cache锛欰RP 缂撳瓨锛屼复鏃惰浣?IP 鍜?MAC 鐨勫搴斿叧绯汇€?/p>

ARP Request锛欰RP 璇锋眰锛屽箍鎾闂皝鎷ユ湁鏌愪釜 IP銆?/p>

ARP Reply锛欰RP 鍝嶅簲锛屽洖绛旇嚜宸辩殑 MAC 鍦板潃銆?/p>

ARP Spoofing / ARP Poisoning锛欰RP 娆洪獥 / ARP 涓瘨锛屼吉閫犲搴斿叧绯汇€?/p>

DAI锛欴ynamic ARP Inspection锛堝姩鎬?ARP 妫€娴嬶級锛屼氦鎹㈡満妫€鏌?ARP 鍝嶅簲鏄惁鍙俊銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欼P 闂骇浣嶅彿銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳芥妸 IP 鍜?MAC 鐨勫叧绯昏娓呮銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭湁浜烘姠绛旈敊搴т綅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В閲?ARP 娆洪獥銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欰RP 鏄?DNS銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆侱NS 鏌ュ煙鍚嶅埌 IP锛孉RP 鏌?IP 鍒?MAC锛屽眰娆′笉鍚屻€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淚P 闂骇浣嶅彿锛岄獥瀛愭姠绛斺€濄€傚厛璁版甯?ARP锛屽啀璁版敾鍑绘€庝箞楠椼€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

ARP = IP 闂骇浣嶅彿銆?/p>

ARP Spoofing = 楠楀瓙鎶㈢瓟閿欏骇浣嶃€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氱數鑴戝湪鏈湴缃戠粶閲屽枈鈥滆皝鏄?192.168.1.1鈥濓紝鏈鐢辩綉鍏冲洖绛旓紱鏀诲嚮鑰呮姠鐫€璇粹€滄槸鎴戔€濓紝鐢佃剳灏辨妸娴侀噺閫侀敊浜恒€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細ARP 灏?IPv4 鍦板潃鏄犲皠鍒?MAC 鍦板潃锛孉RP 娆洪獥閫氳繃浼€?ARP 鍝嶅簲姹℃煋缂撳瓨锛屽父瀵艰嚧涓棿浜烘敾鍑绘垨娴侀噺鍔寔銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵鍔炲叕瀹ら噷锛屽鏈嶇數鑴戣璁块棶缃戝叧銆?/p>

瀹冨彧鐭ラ亾缃戝叧 IP 鏄?192.168.10.1銆?/p>

浣嗗畠杩樿鐭ラ亾缃戝叧鐨?MAC 鍦板潃銆?/p>

浜庢槸瀹冨湪灞€鍩熺綉閲屽箍鎾細璋佹槸 192.168.10.1锛?/p>

姝ｅ父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝缃戝叧鍥炵瓟銆?/p>

濡傛灉鏀诲嚮鑰呮姠绛旓細鎴戞槸 192.168.10.1锛屾垜鐨?MAC 鏄?AA-BB-CC銆?/p>

瀹㈡湇鐢佃剳淇′簡杩欎釜鍋囩瓟妗堛€?/p>

涔嬪悗鍙戝線缃戝叧鐨勬祦閲忓厛璺戝埌鏀诲嚮鑰呮満鍣ㄤ笂銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呭氨鍙兘绐冨惉銆佺鏀规垨杞彂娴侀噺銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?ARP銆丄ddress Resolution Protocol锛堝湴鍧€瑙ｆ瀽鍗忚锛夛紝鍏堟兂 IP 鍒?MAC銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ARP cache poisoning锛圓RP 缂撳瓨涓瘨锛夛紝鍏堟兂鍋囩殑 IP-MAC 鏄犲皠銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?man-in-the-middle / on-path attack锛堜腑闂翠汉鏀诲嚮锛夊彂鐢熷湪鍚屼竴灞€鍩熺綉閲岋紝鍙兘鐪?ARP spoofing銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Dynamic ARP Inspection锛堝姩鎬?ARP 妫€娴嬶級锛屽厛鎯充氦鎹㈡満妫€鏌?ARP 鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇村煙鍚嶈В鏋愶紝鍒€?ARP锛岄偅鏄?DNS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇翠吉閫犳簮 IP锛屽彲鑳芥槸 IP spoofing锛圛P 娆洪獥锛夛紝涓嶄竴瀹氭槸 ARP銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇存尋鐖嗕氦鎹㈡満 CAM 琛紝璁╀氦鎹㈡満鍍忛泦绾垮櫒涓€鏍锋硾娲紝甯哥湅 MAC flooding锛圡AC 娉涙椽锛夛紝涓嶆槸 ARP 缂撳瓨涓瘨銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

ARP锛欼P 鍒?MAC锛屾湰鍦扮綉缁溿€?/p>

DNS锛氬煙鍚嶅埌 IP銆?/p>

DHCP锛氳嚜鍔ㄥ彂 IP銆佺綉鍏炽€丏NS銆?/p>

MAC Spoofing锛氫吉閫?MAC 鍦板潃锛屼笉瀹屽叏绛変簬 ARP 娆洪獥銆?/p>

IP Spoofing锛氫吉閫犳簮 IP 鍦板潃锛屼笉绛変簬楠楀埆浜烘敼 ARP 缂撳瓨銆?/p>

MAC Flooding锛氱敤澶ч噺鍋?MAC 鎸ょ垎浜ゆ崲鏈鸿〃锛屼笉绛変簬楠?IP-MAC 瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欰RP 涓嶈礋璐ｈ法浜掕仈缃戞壘缃戠珯銆傚畠涓昏鍦ㄦ湰鍦伴摼璺噷瑙ｅ喅鈥滆繖涓?IP 瀵瑰簲鍝紶缃戝崱鍦板潃鈥濄€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細ICMP / Ping / Smurf / 缃戠粶鎺у埗娑堟伅銆丳ing 涓?Smurf 鏀诲嚮

ICMP 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€減ing 鐢ㄧ殑鍗忚鈥濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欼CMP 鏄綉缁滃眰鐨勬帶鍒跺拰鎶ラ敊娑堟伅銆侾ing 鐢ㄥ畠娴嬭瘯鑳戒笉鑳藉埌锛汼murf 鏀诲嚮鐢ㄤ吉閫犳簮鍦板潃鍔犲箍鎾紝璁╀竴缇ゆ満鍣ㄤ竴璧峰洖澶嶅彈瀹宠€呫€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol锛堜簰鑱旂綉鎺у埗娑堟伅鍗忚锛夈€?/p>

瀹冧笉涓昏浼犱笟鍔℃暟鎹€?/p>

瀹冩洿鍍忕綉缁滈噷鐨勬彁绀烘潯鍜屾姤閿欐潯銆?/p>

Ping 鐢?ICMP Echo Request锛堝洖鏄捐姹傦級鍜?Echo Reply锛堝洖鏄惧搷搴旓級娴嬭瘯杩為€氭€с€?/p>

Smurf 鏀诲嚮鍒欐互鐢?ICMP 鍜屽箍鎾湴鍧€銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呬吉閫犲彈瀹宠€?IP锛屽悜骞挎挱鍦板潃鍙?ICMP 璇锋眰銆?/p>

寰堝璁惧涓€璧峰洖澶嶅彈瀹宠€咃紝娴侀噺琚斁澶с€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

ICMP锛欼nternet Control Message Protocol锛堜簰鑱旂綉鎺у埗娑堟伅鍗忚锛夈€?/p>

Ping锛氱敤 ICMP 娴嬭瘯鐩爣鏄惁鍙揪銆?/p>

Echo Request锛氬洖鏄捐姹傘€?/p>

Echo Reply锛氬洖鏄惧搷搴斻€?/p>

Smurf Attack锛歋murf 鏀诲嚮锛屼吉閫犳簮鍦板潃鍚戝箍鎾湴鍧€鍙?ICMP锛屾斁澶у洖澶嶅帇鍚戝彈瀹宠€呫€?/p>

Directed Broadcast锛氬畾鍚戝箍鎾紝鎶婂寘鍙戠粰鏌愪釜缃戠粶鐨勫箍鎾湴鍧€銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱綉缁滃枈璇濆櫒銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆侾ing 鍍忓枈涓€澹帮紝鐪嬪闈㈠洖涓嶅洖銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬箍鎾枈閿欏洖淇″湴鍧€銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В閲?Smurf 鐨勬斁澶ф満鍒躲€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛欼CMP 鏄鍙ｃ€?/p>

娣樻卑銆侷CMP 涓嶅儚 TCP/UDP 閭ｆ牱鐢ㄧ鍙ｃ€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滅綉缁滃枈璇濆櫒锛孲murf 濉敊鍥炰俊鍦板潃鈥濄€傛甯歌瘖鏂拰鏀诲嚮婊ョ敤閮借兘璁颁綇銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

ICMP = 缃戠粶鍠婅瘽鍣ㄣ€?/p>

Smurf = 骞挎挱鍠婅瘽濉彈瀹宠€呭洖淇″湴鍧€銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛歅ing 鏄垜鍠婁綘涓€澹帮紝浣犲洖鎴戜竴澹帮紱Smurf 鏄敾鍑昏€呭涓€缇や汉鍠婏紝鍗存妸鍥炰俊鍦板潃鍐欐垚鍙楀鑰咃紝浜庢槸鍙楀鑰呰澶ч噺鍥炲娣规病銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細ICMP 鎻愪緵缃戠粶鎺у埗鍜岃瘖鏂秷鎭紝Smurf 閫氳繃浼€犳簮鍦板潃鍜?ICMP 骞挎挱鏀惧ぇ娴侀噺锛岄€犳垚鎷掔粷鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵缃戠珯鎵撲笉寮€銆?/p>

杩愮淮鍏?ping 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

濡傛灉鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ洖 Echo Reply锛岃嚦灏戣鏄庣綉缁滆矾寰勫彲鑳介€氥€?/p>

鍚庢潵鏀诲嚮鍙戠敓銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呮病鏈夌洿鎺ヨ涓€鍙版満鍣ㄦ墦缃戠珯銆?/p>

浠栨妸鍙楀鑰呯綉绔?IP 鍐欐垚婧愬湴鍧€銆?/p>

鍐嶅悜涓€涓箍鎾湴鍧€鍙?ICMP Echo Request銆?/p>

骞挎挱缃戞閲岀殑寰堝鏈哄櫒閮戒互涓哄彈瀹宠€呭湪闂紝浜庢槸涓€璧峰洖鍙楀鑰呫€?/p>

鍙楀鑰呮敹鍒板ぇ閲忔棤鐢ㄥ洖澶嶏紝甯﹀琚尋婊°€?/p>

杩欏氨鏄?Smurf 鏀诲嚮鐨勬牳蹇冪敾闈€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?ICMP锛屽厛鎯崇綉缁滄帶鍒舵秷鎭€侀敊璇姤鍛娿€丳ing銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Ping锛屽厛鎯?Echo Request 鍜?Echo Reply銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Smurf锛屽厛鎯充吉閫犲彈瀹宠€呮簮 IP 鍔?ICMP 骞挎挱鏀惧ぇ銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?directed broadcast锛堝畾鍚戝箍鎾級锛屽彲鑳藉拰 Smurf 闃叉姢鏈夊叧銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇寸鍙ｅ彿锛屼笉瑕佺洿鎺ユ壘 ICMP 绔彛锛孖CMP 涓嶇敤 TCP/UDP 绔彛銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Ping flood锛圥ing 娉涙椽锛夛紝鏄ぇ閲?ICMP 鐩存帴鍘嬬洰鏍囥€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Ping of Death锛堟浜′箣 Ping锛夛紝鏄暩褰㈡垨瓒呭ぇ ICMP 鍖呯殑鑰佸紡鏀诲嚮銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

ICMP锛氱綉缁滄帶鍒舵秷鎭€?/p>

TCP锛氭湁杩炴帴銆佷笁娆℃彙鎵嬨€?/p>

UDP锛氭棤杩炴帴锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬 DNS 鏌ヨ銆佽棰戙€佽闊炽€?/p>

SYN Flood锛氭互鐢?TCP 鎻℃墜锛屼笉鏄?ICMP銆?/p>

Ping Flood锛氱洿鎺ョ敤澶ч噺 Ping 鍘嬬洰鏍囥€?/p>

Ping of Death锛氱敤寮傚父 ICMP 鍖呰Е鍙戝穿婧冿紝鍜?Smurf 鐨勫箍鎾斁澶т笉鍚屻€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歅ing 鍙互鏄瘖鏂伐鍏凤紝涔熷彲鑳借闄愬埗锛涗絾涓嶈鎶婃墍鏈?DoS 閮藉彨 Smurf銆係murf 鐨勯鐪兼槸 ICMP銆佸箍鎾€佷吉閫犳簮鍦板潃銆佹祦閲忔斁澶с€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細TCP Three-Way Handshake / TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜

TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳?SYN銆丼YN-ACK銆丄CK銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氫笁娆℃彙鎵嬫槸鍦ㄦ寮忎紶鏁版嵁鍓嶏紝鍙屾柟鍏堢‘璁も€滄垜鎯宠繛銆佹垜鍚埌浜嗐€佹垜涔熻兘鍚埌浣犫€濓紝杩炴帴鎵嶇畻寤虹珛銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

TCP = Transmission Control Protocol锛堜紶杈撴帶鍒跺崗璁級銆?/p>

TCP 鏄潰鍚戣繛鎺ョ殑鍗忚銆?/p>

杩炴帴涓嶆槸鍑┖鍑虹幇鐨勩€?/p>

瀹㈡埛绔厛鍙?SYN锛岃〃绀烘垜鎯冲缓绔嬭繛鎺ャ€?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ洖 SYN-ACK锛岃〃绀烘垜鏀跺埌浣犵殑璇锋眰锛屾垜涔熷噯澶囧ソ浜嗐€?/p>

瀹㈡埛绔啀鍥?ACK锛岃〃绀烘垜鏀跺埌浜嗕綘鐨勭‘璁ゃ€?/p>

涓夋瀹屾垚鍚庯紝鍙屾柟鎵嶅紑濮嬫寮忎紶鏁版嵁銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

TCP锛歍ransmission Control Protocol锛堜紶杈撴帶鍒跺崗璁級銆?/p>

SYN锛歋ynchronize锛堝悓姝ワ級锛岃姹傚缓绔嬭繛鎺ャ€?/p>

ACK锛欰cknowledgment锛堢‘璁わ級銆?/p>

SYN-ACK锛氭湇鍔″櫒鍚屾椂鍚屾鍜岀‘璁ゃ€?/p>

Half-Open Connection锛氬崐寮€杩炴帴锛屾彙鎵嬭繕娌″畬鎴愩€?/p>

Sequence Number锛氬簭鍒楀彿锛孴CP 鐢ㄦ潵璺熻釜鏁版嵁椤哄簭銆?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氫笁鍙ュ紑鍦虹櫧銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆備笁娆℃彙鎵嬪氨鏄寮忚亰澶╁墠纭鍙屾柟鍦ㄧ嚎銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氶棬鍙ｄ笁闂笁绛斻€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈捐繛鎺ュ缓绔嬶紝浣嗙暐閲嶃€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛歍CP 鍙彂涓€娆″氨杩炰笂銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆俆CP 闇€瑕佹彙鎵嬨€?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滀笁鍙ュ紑鍦虹櫧鈥濄€傚皬鐧藉彲浠ョ洿鎺ヨ儗鍑轰笁鍙ワ細鎴戞兂杩炪€佹垜鍚埌浣犮€佹垜涔熷惉鍒颁綘銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

TCP Three-Way Handshake = 涓夊彞寮€鍦虹櫧銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氬鎴风璇粹€滄垜鎯宠繛鈥濓紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ鈥滄垜鍚埌浜嗭紝鎴戜篃鍑嗗濂解€濓紝瀹㈡埛绔鈥滄垜涔熷惉鍒颁簡鈥濓紝鐒跺悗鎵嶅紑濮嬫寮忎紶鏁版嵁銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜鐢?SYN銆丼YN-ACK銆丄CK 寤虹珛鍙潬杩炴帴锛屼负鍚庣画鏁版嵁浼犺緭鍋氬噯澶囥€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瀹㈡埛鎵撳紑缃戦〉銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄨ鍜屾湇鍔″櫒寤虹珛 TCP 杩炴帴銆?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄥ厛鏁查棬锛歋YN锛屾垜鎯宠繛銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ紑闂ㄥ洖搴旓細SYN-ACK锛屾垜鏀跺埌锛屼綘涔熷彲浠ヨ繛鎴戙€?/p>

娴忚鍣ㄧ偣澶达細ACK锛屾垜纭鏀跺埌銆?/p>

杩欎笁姝ュ畬鎴愶紝鍚庨潰鐨?HTTP 鎴?HTTPS 鏁版嵁鎵嶆寮忓紑濮嬩紶銆?/p>

濡傛灉绗笁姝ヨ繜杩熶笉鏉ワ紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ氨浼氭殏鏃舵寕鐫€涓€涓崐寮€杩炴帴绛夊鏂广€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?TCP three-way handshake锛堜笁娆℃彙鎵嬶級锛屽厛鎯?SYN銆丼YN-ACK銆丄CK銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂?half-open connection锛堝崐寮€杩炴帴锛夛紝鍏堟兂鎻℃墜鏈畬鎴愩€?/p>

棰樼洰闂?TCP SYN scan锛圫YN 鎵弿锛夛紝瀹冨彧鍋氶儴鍒嗘彙鎵嬶紝鍙堝彨 half-open scanning锛堝崐寮€鎵弿锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?UDP锛屼笉瑕佸涓夋鎻℃墜锛孶DP 鏄棤杩炴帴銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SYN Flood锛屽厛鍥炲埌鎻℃墜琚互鐢ㄣ€?/p>

8. 鍒贩

TCP锛氶潰鍚戣繛鎺ワ紝鏈変笁娆℃彙鎵嬨€?/p>

UDP锛氭棤杩炴帴锛屾病鏈変笁娆℃彙鎵嬨€?/p>

TLS Handshake锛歍LS 寤哄畨鍏ㄤ細璇濓紝鍜?TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜涓嶆槸鍚屼竴灞傘€?/p>

SYN Flood锛氭敾鍑昏€呮互鐢?TCP 鎻℃墜銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氫笁娆℃彙鎵嬩笉鏄姞瀵嗚繃绋嬨€傚畠鏄缓绔?TCP 杩炴帴锛屼笉鏄瘉鏄庣綉绔欏彲淇★紝涔熶笉鏄繚鎶ゅ唴瀹规満瀵嗘€с€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細SYN Flood / SYN 娉涙椽

SYN Flood 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佸彧鑳屸€滃緢澶?SYN 鍖呪€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛歋YN Flood 鏄敾鍑昏€呯柉鐙傛暡闂ㄤ絾涓嶈繘闂紝璁╂湇鍔″櫒涓€鐩寸暀搴х瓑浜猴紝鐩村埌鐪熸瀹㈡埛娌″骇浣嶃€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

SYN Flood = SYN 娉涙椽銆?/p>

瀹冨埄鐢?TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜鐨勭涓€姝ャ€?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呭彂澶ч噺 SYN銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ敹鍒板悗鍥?SYN-ACK锛屽苟涓烘瘡涓姹備繚鐣欎竴鐐硅祫婧愶紝绛夊緟鏈€鍚庣殑 ACK銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮鑰呬笉鍥?ACK銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ氨鍫嗙潃澶ч噺鍗婂紑杩炴帴銆?/p>

璧勬簮琚€楀敖鍚庯紝姝ｅ父鐢ㄦ埛杩炴帴涓嶄笂銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

SYN Flood锛歋YN 娉涙椽銆?/p>

DoS锛欴enial of Service锛堟嫆缁濇湇鍔★級銆?/p>

DDoS锛欴istributed Denial of Service锛堝垎甯冨紡鎷掔粷鏈嶅姟锛夈€?/p>

Half-Open Connection锛氬崐寮€杩炴帴銆?/p>

SYN Queue锛歋YN 闃熷垪锛屾湇鍔″櫒绛夊緟鎻℃墜瀹屾垚鐨勯槦鍒椼€?/p>

SYN Cookies锛氫竴绉嶅噺杞?SYN Flood 鐨勬満鍒讹紝鍑忓皯鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ负鏈畬鎴愯繛鎺ヤ繚瀛樼姸鎬併€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氱柉鐙傛暡闂ㄤ笉杩涢棬銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借В閲婂崐寮€杩炴帴鍜岃祫婧愬崰鐢ㄣ€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭妸闂ㄩ攣鎵撳潖銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆係YN Flood 涓嶆槸鐩存帴鐮村潖闂ㄩ攣锛岃€屾槸鍗犳弧绛夊緟浣嶇疆銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氶绾﹀崰搴т笉鏉ャ€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借В閲婅祫婧愯€楀敖锛屼絾涓嶅鏁查棬璐?TCP 鎻℃墜銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滅柉鐙傛暡闂ㄤ笉杩涢棬鈥濄€係YN 鏄暡闂紝ACK 涓嶅洖鏉ュ氨鏄笉杩涢棬銆?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

SYN Flood = 鐤媯鏁查棬涓嶈繘闂ㄣ€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭敾鍑昏€呬笉鏂鈥滄垜瑕佽繛鎺モ€濓紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笉鏂暀浣嶇疆绛夋渶鍚庣‘璁わ紝浣嗘敾鍑昏€呬笉鍥炴潵纭锛屽骇浣嶈鍗犳弧锛岀湡姝ｅ鎴疯繘涓嶆潵銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細SYN Flood 鏄埄鐢?TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜鍒堕€犲ぇ閲忓崐寮€杩炴帴锛岃€楀敖鐩爣璧勬簮鐨勬嫆缁濇湇鍔℃敾鍑汇€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵淇冮攢褰撳ぉ锛屾湇鍔″櫒绐佺劧鏈夊ぇ閲忚繛鎺ヨ姹傘€?/p>

鏃ュ織閲岀湅鍒板緢澶?SYN銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ篃鍥炰簡 SYN-ACK銆?/p>

浣嗘渶鍚庣殑 ACK 寰堝皯鍥炴潵銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ儚鍓嶅彴涓€鏍风粰姣忎釜璇锋眰鐣欎簡浣嶇疆銆?/p>

浣嶇疆瓒婄暀瓒婂銆?/p>

鐪熸瀹㈡埛鏉ヤ笅鍗曟椂锛屾湇鍔″櫒宸茬粡蹇欑潃绛夐偅浜涙案杩滀笉浼氬洖鏉ョ殑杩炴帴銆?/p>

缃戠珯寮€濮嬪彉鎱紝鐢氳嚦鎵撲笉寮€銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?SYN Flood锛屽厛鎯?TCP 涓夋鎻℃墜琚互鐢ㄣ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?many half-open connections锛堝ぇ閲忓崐寮€杩炴帴锛夛紝鍏堟兂 SYN Flood銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?server connection queue exhausted锛堣繛鎺ラ槦鍒楄€楀敖锛夛紝鍏堟兂 SYN Flood銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?SYN cookies锛屽父鐪?SYN Flood 闃叉姢銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ICMP 骞挎挱鏀惧ぇ锛岄偅鏄?Smurf锛屼笉鏄?SYN Flood銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

SYN Flood锛歍CP 鍗婂紑杩炴帴鑰楄祫婧愩€?/p>

Smurf锛欼CMP 骞挎挱鏀惧ぇ銆?/p>

UDP Flood锛氬ぇ閲?UDP 鍖呭帇鍨湇鍔℃垨甯﹀銆?/p>

Port Scan锛氭帰娴嬬鍙ｇ姸鎬侊紝涓嶄竴瀹氭槸鎷掔粷鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛歋YN Flood 鐨勫叧閿笉鏄€滄敾鍑昏€呯櫥褰曞け璐モ€濓紝鑰屾槸鎻℃墜涓嶅畬鎴愬鑷存湇鍔″櫒璧勬簮琚崰浣忋€?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細Port Scan / 绔彛鎵弿

Port Scan 杩欏紶鍗′笉瑕佽儗鎴愨€滄壂鎻忓氨鏄敾鍑绘垚鍔熲€濄€?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛氱鍙ｆ壂鎻忔槸鍦ㄩ棶涓€鍙版満鍣ㄥ摢浜涢棬寮€鐫€銆佸摢浜涢棬鍏崇潃銆佸摢浜涢棬琚槻鐏鎸′綇銆傚畠甯告槸鏀诲嚮鍓嶄睛瀵燂紝涔熷父鏄畨鍏ㄦ祴璇曠殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

Port = 绔彛銆?/p>

Scan = 鎵弿銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笂涓嶅悓鏈嶅姟鐩戝惉涓嶅悓绔彛銆?/p>

Web 鍙兘鍦?80 鎴?443銆?/p>

SSH 鍙兘鍦?22銆?/p>

鏁版嵁搴撳彲鑳藉湪 3306 鎴?1433銆?/p>

绔彛鎵弿灏辨槸绯荤粺鎬у湴鎺㈡祴杩欎簺绔彛鐨勭姸鎬併€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

Port Scan锛氱鍙ｆ壂鎻忋€?/p>

Network Discovery Scan锛氱綉缁滃彂鐜版壂鎻忋€?/p>

Nmap锛氬父瑙佺綉缁滄壂鎻忓伐鍏枫€?/p>

Open锛氬紑鏀撅紝绔彛涓婃湁鏈嶅姟鍦ㄦ帴銆?/p>

Closed锛氬叧闂紝绔彛鍙揪浣嗘病鏈夋湇鍔＄洃鍚€?/p>

Filtered锛氳杩囨护锛屾壂鎻忓櫒鏃犳硶鍒ゆ柇寮€杩樻槸鍏炽€?/p>

Unfiltered锛氭湭杩囨护锛岀鍙ｅ彲杈撅紝浣嗘壂鎻忓櫒鏈繀鐭ラ亾鏈嶅姟寮€娌″紑銆?/p>

Open|Filtered锛氬彲鑳藉紑鏀撅紝涔熷彲鑳借杩囨护锛屾壂鎻忓櫒鍒ゆ柇涓嶅嚭鏉ャ€?/p>

Xmas Scan锛氬湥璇炴爲鎵弿锛岃缃?FIN銆丳SH銆乁RG 绛夋爣蹇楁帰娴嬬鍙ｃ€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氭尐涓暡闂ㄧ湅鍝墖寮€銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傜鍙ｅ氨鏄棬锛屾壂鎻忓氨鏄尐涓瘯銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氬湴鍥句睛瀵熴€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚畠鑳借〃杈炬敾鍑诲墠渚﹀療锛屼絾涓嶅鍏蜂綋銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭壂鎻忕瓑浜庝慨澶嶃€?/p>

娣樻卑銆傛壂鎻忓彧鏄彂鐜帮紝涓嶈礋璐ｄ慨銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滄尐涓暡闂ㄧ湅鍝墖寮€鈥濄€傜湅鍒?open / closed / filtered 灏辫兘鎺ュ洖鏉ャ€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

Port Scan = 鎸ㄤ釜鏁查棬鐪嬪摢鎵囧紑銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氭壂鎻忓櫒鎸夌鍙ｄ竴涓釜鏁诧紝寮€闂ㄨ鏄庢湁鏈嶅姟锛屾病浜哄紑浣嗛棬鑳界鍒版槸 closed锛岄棬鍓嶆湁闃茬伀澧欐尅鐫€灏卞彲鑳芥槸 filtered銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細Port Scan 鏄帰娴嬬洰鏍囦富鏈哄紑鏀剧鍙ｃ€佹湇鍔℃毚闇查潰鍜岃繃婊ょ姸鎬佺殑缃戠粶鍙戠幇鎶€鏈€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵瀹夊叏鍚屼簨瑕佹鏌ヤ竴鍙版柊鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

浠栫敤 Nmap 鎵弿銆?/p>

缁撴灉鏄剧ず 443 open銆?/p>

杩欒鏄?HTTPS 鏈嶅姟姝ｅ湪鎺ュ彈杩炴帴銆?/p>

22 filtered銆?/p>

杩欒鏄?SSH 鍙兘琚槻鐏鎸′綇锛屾壂鎻忓櫒鍒ゆ柇涓嶄簡鐪熷疄鐘舵€併€?/p>

3306 closed銆?/p>

杩欒鏄庢暟鎹簱绔彛鍙揪锛屼絾娌℃湁鏈嶅姟鍦ㄧ洃鍚€?/p>

瀹夊叏鍚屼簨涓嶆槸鍥犱负鎵弿灏卞畬鎴愪慨澶嶃€?/p>

浠栬繕瑕佸垽鏂繖浜涚鍙ｆ槸鍚﹀簲璇ユ毚闇层€?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?port scan锛堢鍙ｆ壂鎻忥級銆丯map锛屽厛鎯冲彂鐜板紑鏀剧鍙ｅ拰鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TCP SYN scan锛屽厛鎯?half-open scan锛堝崐寮€鎵弿锛夈€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?TCP connect scan锛屽厛鎯冲畬鏁村缓绔嬭繛鎺ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?ACK scan锛屽父鐢ㄤ簬鎺㈡祴闃茬伀澧欒鍒欍€?/p>

棰樼洰璇?Xmas scan锛岃 FIN銆丳SH銆乁RG 鏍囧織鍍忎竴妫典寒璧锋潵鐨勬爲銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?open|filtered锛屼笉鏄悓鏃垛€滃張寮€鍙堝叧鈥濓紝鑰屾槸鎵弿缁撴灉涓嶇‘瀹氾細鍙兘鏈夋湇鍔★紝涔熷彲鑳借杩囨护銆?/p>

棰樼洰闂壂鎻?SQL 娉ㄥ叆锛岀鍙ｆ壂鎻忎笉澶燂紝甯哥湅 web vulnerability scanner锛圵eb 婕忔礊鎵弿鍣級銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

Port Scan锛氭壘绔彛鍜屾湇鍔°€?/p>

Vulnerability Scan锛氭壘宸茬煡婕忔礊銆?/p>

Penetration Test锛氶獙璇佽兘涓嶈兘鐪熷疄鍒╃敤銆?/p>

SYN Flood锛氬ぇ閲?SYN 娑堣€楄祫婧愩€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛氱鍙ｆ壂鎻忓彲浠ユ槸鍚堟硶瀹夊叏娴嬭瘯锛屼篃鍙互鏄敾鍑诲墠渚﹀療銆傞鐩鐪嬭鑹层€佹巿鏉冨拰鐩殑銆?/p>

璁板繂鍗★細IDS / IPS 娣卞寲 / 鍏ヤ镜妫€娴嬩笌鍏ヤ镜闃插尽娣卞寲

IDS 鍜?IPS 杩欏紶鍗″墠闈㈠凡缁忓杩囷紝杩欓噷瑕佹妸鈥滃彂鐜扳€濆拰鈥滈樆鏂€濆交搴曞垎寮€銆?/p>

灏忕櫧鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽锛欼DS 鍙戠幇鍙枒琛屼负骞跺憡璀︼紱IPS 鏀惧湪娴侀噺璺緞涓婏紝鍙互鐩存帴鎷︽埅鎴栭樆鏂€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

IDS = Intrusion Detection System锛堝叆渚垫娴嬬郴缁燂級銆?/p>

IPS = Intrusion Prevention System锛堝叆渚甸槻寰＄郴缁燂級銆?/p>

Detection 鏄娴嬨€?/p>

Prevention 鏄槻寰?/ 闃绘銆?/p>

IDS 鏇村儚鐪嬬洃鎺у彂鐜板紓甯稿悗鎶ヨ銆?/p>

IPS 鏇村儚鍦ㄨ矾鍙ｆ嫤涓嬪彲鐤戞祦閲忋€?/p>

鍏抽敭宸埆鏄細IPS 閫氬父 inline锛堜覆鍦ㄧ嚎璺笂锛夛紝鑳戒富鍔ㄩ樆鏂紱IDS 甯?out-of-band锛堟梺璺洃鍚級锛屼富瑕佸憡璀︺€?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

IDS锛欼ntrusion Detection System锛堝叆渚垫娴嬬郴缁燂級銆?/p>

IPS锛欼ntrusion Prevention System锛堝叆渚甸槻寰＄郴缁燂級銆?/p>

NIDS锛歂etwork IDS锛堢綉缁滃叆渚垫娴嬬郴缁燂級銆?/p>

HIDS锛欻ost IDS锛堜富鏈哄叆渚垫娴嬬郴缁燂級銆?/p>

Inline锛氫覆鑱斿湪娴侀噺璺緞涓娿€?/p>

Out-of-Band锛氭梺璺洃鍚紝涓嶇洿鎺ユ尅娴侀噺銆?/p>

False Positive锛氳鎶ワ紝姝ｅ父琛屼负琚綋鎴愭敾鍑汇€?/p>

False Negative锛氭紡鎶ワ紝鏀诲嚮娌℃湁琚彂鐜般€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛欼DS 鎶ヨ锛孖PS 鎷﹁溅銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鐩存帴鎸備綇鍙戠幇鍜岄樆鏂€?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氫竴涓湅锛屼竴涓墦銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝〃杈惧お绮楋紝瀹规槗璇細鎴?IDS 瀹屽叏娌′环鍊笺€?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氭梺璺湅鐩戞帶锛岃矾涓鍗°€?/p>

淇濈暀銆傝兘瑙ｉ噴 out-of-band 鍜?inline銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€淚DS 鎶ヨ锛孖PS 鎷﹁溅锛涙梺璺湅锛岃矾涓尅鈥濄€傝繖鏉¤兘鍥炲埌澶у鏁伴鐩€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

IDS = 鎶ヨ銆?/p>

IPS = 鎷﹁溅銆?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛欼DS 鍦ㄦ梺杈圭湅瑙佸紓甯稿氨鍙汉锛汭PS 绔欏湪璺腑闂达紝鐪嬭鍗遍櫓娴侀噺鍙互鐩存帴鎸′笅鏉ャ€?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細IDS 鐢ㄤ簬妫€娴嬪拰鍛婅锛孖PS 鐢ㄤ簬妫€娴嬪苟涓诲姩闃绘柇锛涗袱鑰呭彲鍩轰簬缃戠粶鎴栦富鏈猴紝涔熷彲鍩轰簬鐗瑰緛鎴栧紓甯稿垎鏋愩€?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵 DMZ 鍓嶉潰鏈変竴鍙扮洃鎺ц澶囥€?/p>

瀹冪湅鍒版湁浜哄弽澶嶈瘯鎺㈢綉绔欒矾寰勶紝鍙戝嚭鍛婅銆?/p>

杩欏儚 IDS銆?/p>

瀹夊叏鍥㈤槦鏀跺埌鍛婅鍚庡啀鍒嗘瀽銆?/p>

鍚庢潵鏀诲嚮澶绻侊紝鍏徃鎶?IPS 鏀惧埌娴侀噺璺緞涓娿€?/p>

鍚屾牱鐨勬伓鎰忚姹傚啀鏉ユ椂锛孖PS 鍙互鐩存帴涓㈠純杩炴帴銆?/p>

浣?IPS 鏀鹃敊瑙勫垯涔熷彲鑳借鎷︽甯稿鎴枫€?/p>

鎵€浠ユ娴嬭兘鍔涘拰璇姤璋冧紭閮藉緢閲嶈銆?/p>

7. 鍥炲埌鑰冮

棰樼洰璇?detect and alert锛堟娴嬪苟鍛婅锛夛紝鍏堟兂 IDS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?block / prevent / drop malicious traffic锛堥樆鏂伓鎰忔祦閲忥級锛屽厛鎯?IPS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?inline锛屽父鐪?IPS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?out-of-band 鎴?passive monitoring锛堣鍔ㄧ洃鍚級锛屽父鐪?IDS銆?/p>

棰樼洰璇?false positive锛堣鎶ワ級鍜?false negative锛堟紡鎶ワ級锛屽父鍜?IDS/IPS 璋冧紭鏈夊叧銆?/p>

8. 鍒贩

IDS锛氬彂鐜板苟鍛婅銆?/p>

IPS锛氬彂鐜板苟闃绘柇銆?/p>

SIEM锛氶泦涓敹鏃ュ織銆佸叧鑱斿垎鏋愬拰鍛婅绠＄悊銆?/p>

EDR锛氱鐐规娴嬩笌鍝嶅簲銆?/p>

Firewall锛氭寜瑙勫垯鎺у埗娴侀噺锛屼笉涓€瀹氱悊瑙ｆ敾鍑荤壒寰併€?/p>

鏈€瀹规槗閿欑殑鍦版柟锛欼DS 涓嶆槸鈥滄病鐢ㄢ€濄€傚畠鐨勪环鍊兼槸鍙戠幇銆佽褰曞拰鍛婅锛汭PS 鐨勯澶栬兘鍔涙槸闃绘柇锛屼絾涔熷甫鏉ヨ鎷﹂闄┿€?/p>

1. 鍏堟噦涓€鍙ヨ瘽

SIEM = Security Information and Event Management锛堝畨鍏ㄤ俊鎭笌浜嬩欢绠＄悊锛夈€?/p>

Security Information 鏄畨鍏ㄤ俊鎭€?/p>

Event Management 鏄簨浠剁鐞嗐€?/p>

鐜板疄閲岋紝鏀诲嚮绾跨储鏁ｅ湪寰堝鍦版柟銆?/p>

VPN 鏈夌櫥褰曟棩蹇椼€?/p>

闃茬伀澧欐湁杩炴帴鏃ュ織銆?/p>

鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ湁绯荤粺鏃ュ織銆?/p>

搴旂敤鏈夋搷浣滄棩蹇椼€?/p>

EDR 鏈夌鐐硅涓恒€?/p>

鍗曠湅涓€鏉″彲鑳戒笉鏄庢樉锛屾斁鍦ㄤ竴璧锋墠鑳界湅鍒颁竴鏉℃敾鍑婚摼銆?/p>

3. 鍏抽敭璇嶆媶瑙?/h3>

SIEM锛歋ecurity Information and Event Management锛堝畨鍏ㄤ俊鎭笌浜嬩欢绠＄悊锛夈€?/p>

Log Aggregation锛氭棩蹇楁眹鑱氥€?/p>

Normalization锛氳鑼冨寲銆?/p>

Correlation锛氬叧鑱斿垎鏋愩€?/p>

Alert锛氬憡璀︺€?/p>

Dashboard锛氫华琛ㄧ洏銆?/p>

Use Case锛氭娴嬬敤渚嬶紝姣斿鈥滃紓鍦扮櫥褰曞悗璁块棶鏁忔劅鏁版嵁鈥濄€?/p>

4. 鍊欓€夋睜

鍊欓€?1锛氬畨鍏ㄥぇ灞忔嫾绾跨储銆?/p>

淇濈暀銆傚畠鑳借〃杈鹃泦涓敹闆嗗拰鍏宠仈銆?/p>

鍊欓€?2锛氭棩蹇椾粨搴撱€?/p>

淇濈暀浣嗕笉鍋氫富璁版硶銆傚お鍍忓彧瀛樻棩蹇楋紝婕忎簡鍏宠仈鍒嗘瀽銆?/p>

鍊欓€?3锛氳嚜鍔ㄧ伃鐏櫒銆?/p>

娣樻卑銆傝嚜鍔ㄥ搷搴旀洿鍍?SOAR銆?/p>

璁ㄨ缁撹锛氫富璁版硶鐢ㄢ€滃畨鍏ㄥぇ灞忔嫾绾跨储鈥濄€傚畠涓嶆槸鍙敹鏃ュ織锛岃€屾槸鎶婄嚎绱㈣繛鎴愪簨浠躲€?/p>

5. 鏈€缁堜富璁版硶

SIEM = 瀹夊叏澶у睆鎷肩嚎绱€?/p>

璁板畬鏁村彞锛氶棬绂併€乂PN銆侀槻鐏銆佹湇鍔″櫒銆佸簲鐢ㄣ€佺鐐归兘鎶婅褰曢€佸埌澶у睆锛孲IEM 鎶婇浂鏁ｇ嚎绱㈡嫾璧锋潵锛屽彂鐜板彲鑳界殑瀹夊叏浜嬩欢銆?/p>

缈诲洖鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰氨鏄細SIEM 闆嗕腑鏀堕泦銆佽鑼冨寲銆佸叧鑱斿垎鏋愬畨鍏ㄦ棩蹇楀拰浜嬩欢锛岀敤浜庡憡璀︺€佽皟鏌ャ€佹姤琛ㄥ拰鍚堣銆?/p>

6. 灏忕櫧鏁呬簨

灏忔灄缃戝簵澶滈噷鍙戠敓寮傚父銆?/p>

鍗曠湅 VPN 鏃ュ織锛屽彧鐪嬪埌涓€涓处鍙蜂粠澶栧湴鐧诲綍銆?/p>

鍗曠湅鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ棩蹇楋紝鍙湅鍒板畠璁块棶浜嗘枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

鍗曠湅鏁版嵁搴撴棩蹇楋紝鍙湅鍒板鍑轰簡瀹㈡埛琛ㄣ€?/p>

姣忔潯鍗曠嫭鐪嬮兘鍙兘涓嶅鍒虹溂銆?/p>

SIEM 鎶婁笁鏉℃斁鍦ㄤ竴璧凤細

寮傚父鍦扮偣鐧诲綍銆?/p>

鐭椂闂磋闂晱鎰熸湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

闅忓悗澶ч噺瀵煎嚭鏁版嵁銆?/p>

杩欏氨浠庨浂鏁ｈ褰曞彉鎴愪簡涓€涓渶瑕佸鐞嗙殑瀹夊叏浜嬩欢銆?/p>