CISSP 鎶€鏈悕璇嶅皬鐧借蹇嗗簱

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>

Kerberos

Kerberos authentication protocol锛屽熀浜庣エ鎹殑璁よ瘉鍗忚

ticketKDCTGTWindows domain

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣

Kerberos 鐨勬牳蹇冧笉鏄弽澶嶄紶瀵嗙爜锛岃€屾槸鍏堟嬁绁紝鍐嶆嬁绁ㄥ幓璁块棶鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
濡傛灉姣忚闂竴涓郴缁熼兘鎶婂瘑鐮佸彂杩囧幓锛屽瘑鐮佹毚闇叉満浼氫細鍙樺銆侹erberos 鐢ㄧエ鎹噺灏戝瘑鐮佸湪缃戠粶涓嚭鐜扮殑娆℃暟銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍛樺伐鏃╀笂鐧诲綍鍏徃鐢佃剳锛屽厛鍚戣璇佷腑蹇冭瘉鏄庤嚜宸便€備箣鍚庤闂枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒銆佹墦鍗版湇鍔°€佸唴閮ㄧ郴缁熸椂锛岀郴缁熺湅绁ㄦ嵁锛屼笉瑕佹眰浠栦竴閬嶉亶杈撳叆瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 ticket锛堢エ鎹級銆並DC銆乀GT銆乀GS銆乻ingle sign-on锛堝崟鐐圭櫥褰曪級鎴?Windows 鍩熻璇侊紝鍏堟兂鍒?Kerberos銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
涓嶈鎶?Kerberos 褰撴垚鍔犲瘑绠楁硶銆傚畠浼氱敤鍔犲瘑淇濇姢绁ㄦ嵁锛屼絾瀹冩湰璐ㄦ槸璁よ瘉鍗忚銆?/p>

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>
Active Directory

Microsoft directory service锛屽井杞洰褰曟湇鍔?/p>

domainGroup Policydomain controller

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Active Directory 鍍忎紒涓氳处鍙峰拰鐢佃剳鐨勬€婚€氳褰曞姞绠＄悊鍙般€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍏徃鏈夊緢澶氬憳宸ャ€佺數鑴戙€佺粍銆佹潈闄愬拰绛栫暐锛屼笉鑳芥瘡鍙版満鍣ㄥ悇绠″悇鐨勩€侫D 鎶婅繖浜涜韩浠藉拰绛栫暐闆嗕腑璧锋潵銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏂板憳宸ュ叆鑱岋紝绠＄悊鍛樺湪 AD 閲屽缓璐﹀彿銆佹斁杩涢儴闂ㄧ粍銆佸涓婄粍绛栫暐銆傚憳宸ョ敤鍚屼竴涓煙璐﹀彿鐧诲綍鐢佃剳鍜屽唴閮ㄧ郴缁熴€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 Windows domain锛圵indows 鍩燂級銆丟roup Policy锛堢粍绛栫暐锛夈€乨omain controller锛堝煙鎺у埗鍣級锛屽厛鎯冲埌 Active Directory銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
AD 鏄洰褰曟湇鍔″钩鍙帮紝涓嶇瓑浜?LDAP銆侺DAP 鏄闂洰褰曠殑涓€绉嶅崗璁紝AD 鍙互鏀寔 LDAP銆?/p>

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>
Directory Service

鐩綍鏈嶅姟

usersgroupsLDAPdirectory

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
鐩綍鏈嶅姟璐熻矗瀛樻斁鍜屾煡璇㈣韩浠姐€佺粍銆佽澶囥€佺粍缁囩粨鏋勭瓑淇℃伅銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绯荤粺闇€瑕佺煡閬撶敤鎴锋槸璋併€佸睘浜庡摢涓粍銆佹湁鍝簺灞炴€с€傜洰褰曟湇鍔¤杩欎簺淇℃伅鏈変竴涓彲鏌ヨ鐨勪綅缃€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
閭欢绯荤粺銆乂PN銆佹枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒閮藉幓鍚屼竴涓洰褰曢噷鏌ョ敤鎴峰拰缁勶紝鑰屼笉鏄瘡涓郴缁熺淮鎶や竴浠藉悕鍗曘€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂泦涓煡璇㈢敤鎴枫€佺粍銆佽澶囥€佺粍缁囧崟浣嶏紝鎴栭棶 LDAP/AD 鐨勫熀纭€浣滅敤锛屽厛鎯冲埌鐩綍鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鐩綍鏈嶅姟涓嶆槸鏂囦欢鐩綍銆傝繖閲岀殑鐩綍鏄韩浠藉拰璧勬簮淇℃伅鐨勭洰褰曘€?/p>

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>
Federation

韬唤鑱斿悎

IdPSPSAMLcross-domain SSO

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Federation 鏄笉鍚岀粍缁囨垨绯荤粺涔嬮棿浜掔浉淇′换韬唤缁撴灉銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐢ㄦ埛涓嶅彲鑳藉湪姣忎釜澶栭儴绯荤粺閮藉缓涓€濂楄处鍙枫€傝韩浠借仈鍚堣涓€涓彲淇¤韩浠芥彁渚涙柟鏇跨敤鎴疯瘉鏄庤韩浠姐€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浣犵敤鍏徃璐﹀彿鐧诲綍绗笁鏂?SaaS銆係aaS 涓嶇洿鎺ヤ繚瀛樹綘鐨勫叕鍙稿瘑鐮侊紝鑰屾槸鐩镐俊鍏徃韬唤绯荤粺缁欏嚭鐨勭櫥褰曠粨鏋溿€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 identity provider锛堣韩浠芥彁渚涙柟锛夈€乻ervice provider锛堟湇鍔℃彁渚涙柟锛夈€丼AML銆佽法缁勭粐 SSO锛屾兂鍒?Federation銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Federation 涓嶆槸绠€鍗曞悓姝ュ瘑鐮併€傚畠寮鸿皟淇′换鍏崇郴鍜岃韩浠芥柇瑷€銆?/p>

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>
Token

浠ょ墝

access tokenJWTbearer

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Token 鏄郴缁熷彂缁欏鎴风鐨勪竴寮犱复鏃跺嚟璇侊紝鐢ㄦ潵璇佹槑鍒氭墠宸茬粡閫氳繃鏌愮妫€鏌ャ€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绯荤粺涓嶆兂姣忎釜璇锋眰閮介噸鏂拌緭鍏ュ瘑鐮侊紝鎵€浠ョ櫥褰曞悗鍙戜竴涓护鐗屻€傚悗缁姹傚甫涓婁护鐗岋紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ氨鐭ラ亾杩欐槸鍚屼竴浣嶅凡璁よ瘉鐢ㄦ埛銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浣犵櫥褰曠綉绔欏悗锛岄〉闈笉鏂姹傛帴鍙ｃ€傛帴鍙ｄ笉鏄瘡娆￠棶瀵嗙爜锛岃€屾槸妫€鏌ヨ姹傞噷甯︾殑璁块棶浠ょ墝銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 access token锛堣闂护鐗岋級銆乥earer token锛堟寔鏈夎€呬护鐗岋級銆丣WT锛屽厛鍒ゆ柇瀹冨湪闂細璇濇垨鎺堟潈鍑瘉銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Token 涓嶇瓑浜庡瘑鐮併€備护鐗岄€氬父鏈夋湁鏁堟湡鍜岃寖鍥达紝娉勯湶鍚庝篃寰堝嵄闄┿€?/p>

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>
Session

浼氳瘽

session timeouthijackingstate

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Session 鏄竴娆＄櫥褰曞悗锛屾湇鍔″櫒鍜岀敤鎴蜂箣闂翠繚鎸佺殑杩炵画鐘舵€併€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
HTTP 鏈韩姣忎釜璇锋眰閮芥槸鍒嗗紑鐨勩€係ession 璁╃綉绔欑煡閬撹繖浜涜姹傞兘鏉ヨ嚜鍚屼竴涓凡鐧诲綍鐢ㄦ埛銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浣犵櫥褰曡喘鐗╃綉绔欏悗锛屽垏鎹㈤〉闈€佸姞鍏ヨ喘鐗╄溅銆佹彁浜よ鍗曪紝绯荤粺閮借寰楄繖鏄悓涓€涓汉銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 session timeout锛堜細璇濊秴鏃讹級銆乻ession hijacking锛堜細璇濆姭鎸侊級銆乧ookie 缁戝畾浼氳瘽锛屾兂鍒?Session銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Session 鏄姸鎬侊紝Cookie 甯哥敤鏉ヤ繚瀛樹細璇濇爣璇嗐€侰ookie 涓嶆槸浼氳瘽鏈韩銆?/p>

韬唤涓庤璇?/p>
Cookie

娴忚鍣?Cookie

HttpOnlySecureSameSite

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Cookie 鏄祻瑙堝櫒鏇跨綉绔欎繚瀛樼殑涓€灏忔鏁版嵁锛屽父鐢ㄦ潵淇濆瓨浼氳瘽鏍囪瘑銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
缃戠珯闇€瑕佸湪澶氭璇锋眰涔嬮棿璁ゅ嚭鍚屼竴涓祻瑙堝櫒銆侰ookie 璁╂祻瑙堝櫒鑷姩鎶婄浉鍏虫爣璇嗗甫鍥炵綉绔欍€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浣犵櫥褰曚竴娆″悗鍒锋柊椤甸潰浠嶇劧鍦ㄧ嚎锛屾槸鍥犱负娴忚鍣ㄥ甫鍥炰簡 Cookie锛屾湇鍔″櫒鎹鎵惧埌浣犵殑浼氳瘽銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 HttpOnly銆丼ecure銆丼ameSite銆乻ession cookie銆乧ookie theft锛圕ookie 绐冨彇锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Cookie 瀹夊叏璁剧疆銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Cookie 鍙互琚敤鏉ュ仛浼氳瘽锛屼絾涔熷彲鑳戒繚瀛樺亸濂借缃€備笉瑕佷竴鐪嬪埌 Cookie 灏卞彧鎯冲埌瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Ethernet

浠ュお缃?/p>

LANframeMAC address

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Ethernet 鏄眬鍩熺綉閲屾渶甯歌鐨勬湁绾跨綉缁滄妧鏈€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍔炲叕瀹ょ數鑴戙€佷氦鎹㈡満鍜岀綉绾块渶瑕佷竴濂楀叡鍚岃鍒欐潵浼犲抚銆備互澶綉灏辨槸杩欏搴曞眰瑙勫垯涔嬩竴銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢佃剳鎻掍笂缃戠嚎鎺ュ埌浜ゆ崲鏈猴紝灞€鍩熺綉閲屾寜 MAC 鍦板潃杞彂鏁版嵁甯э紝杩欏氨鏄父瑙佷互澶綉鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?LAN銆丮AC address銆乫rame銆乻witching锛屽彲鑳借惤鍦ㄤ互澶綉璇銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Ethernet 涓嶆槸 Internet銆侲thernet 澶氭寚灞€鍩熺綉鎺ュ叆鎶€鏈紝Internet 鏄叏鐞冧簰鑱旂綉缁溿€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Router

璺敱鍣?/p>

Layer 3routing tableIP forwarding

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Router 绠′笉鍚岀綉缁滀箣闂存€庝箞璧帮紝鏍稿績鐪?IP 璺敱銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
涓€涓綉缁滆璁块棶鍙︿竴涓綉缁滐紝闇€瑕佹湁浜哄喅瀹氫笅涓€璺炽€傝矾鐢卞櫒鏍规嵁璺敱琛ㄦ妸鍖呴€佸線鐩爣鏂瑰悜銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍔炲叕瀹ょ數鑴戣闂簯鏈嶅姟鍣紝鏁版嵁鍖呯寮€鏈湴缃戞鍚庯紝鐢辫矾鐢卞櫒涓€璺充竴璺抽€佸嚭鍘汇€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?Layer 3锛堜笁灞傦級銆両P forwarding锛圛P 杞彂锛夈€乺outing table锛堣矾鐢辫〃锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Router銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Router 涓昏鐪?IP 缃戠粶锛孲witch 涓昏鍦ㄤ簩灞傜湅 MAC 杞彂銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Switch

浜ゆ崲鏈?/p>

Layer 2VLANMAC table

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Switch 绠″悓涓€涓眬鍩熺綉閲岃澶囦箣闂存€庝箞杞彂锛屾牳蹇冪湅 MAC 鍦板潃銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
灞€鍩熺綉閲屽緢澶氳澶囧悓鏃堕€氫俊锛屼氦鎹㈡満瀛︿範 MAC 鍦板潃锛屾妸甯ч€佸埌姝ｇ‘绔彛锛屽噺灏戜贡骞挎挱銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
璐㈠姟鐢佃剳璁块棶鍚屾ゼ灞傛枃浠舵湇鍔″櫒锛屼氦鎹㈡満鏍规嵁 MAC 琛ㄦ妸浠ュお缃戝抚杞埌瀵瑰簲绔彛銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?Layer 2锛堜簩灞傦級銆丮AC address table銆乂LAN銆乥roadcast domain锛堝箍鎾煙锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Switch銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鏅€氫氦鎹㈡満涓嶆槸闃茬伀澧欍€傚畠鑳介殧绂?VLAN锛屼絾涓嶇瓑浜庡畬鏁村畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ユ帶鍒躲€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Gateway

缃戝叧

default gatewaynetwork exitcross subnet

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Gateway 鏄綉缁滃嚭鍏ュ彛锛岃澶囦笉鐭ラ亾鏇磋繙鐨勮矾鏃跺厛鎶婂寘浜ょ粰瀹冦€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐢佃剳鍙煡閬撴湰鍦扮綉娈碉紝璁块棶澶栭儴鍦板潃闇€瑕侀粯璁ょ綉鍏冲府蹇欒浆鍙戙€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浣犵殑鐢佃剳璁块棶澶栫綉鏃讹紝鍏堟妸鏁版嵁鍖呬氦缁欓粯璁ょ綉鍏筹紝鍐嶇敱瀹冭浆鍒板閮ㄧ綉缁溿€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?default gateway锛堥粯璁ょ綉鍏筹級銆佽法缃戞璁块棶銆佺綉缁滃嚭鍙ｏ紝鎯冲埌 Gateway銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Gateway 鏄鑹诧紝涓嶄竴瀹氭槸涓€鍙板崟鐙澶囥€傝矾鐢卞櫒銆侀槻鐏閮藉彲鑳芥壙鎷呯綉鍏宠鑹层€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Firewall

闃茬伀澧?/p>

allowdenyportsboundary

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Firewall 鎸夎鍒欏喅瀹氬摢浜涙祦閲忚兘杩囥€佸摢浜涙祦閲忚鎸°€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
缃戠粶杈圭晫涓嶈兘璁╂墍鏈夋祦閲忛殢渚胯繘鍑恒€傞槻鐏鐢ㄦ簮銆佺洰鐨勩€佺鍙ｃ€佸崗璁€佸簲鐢ㄧ瓑鏉′欢鎺у埗璁块棶銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍏徃鍙厑璁稿閮ㄨ闂綉绔?443 绔彛锛屼笉鍏佽鐩存帴璁块棶鏁版嵁搴撶鍙ｏ紝瑙勫垯灏卞啓鍦ㄩ槻鐏涓娿€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?filtering锛堣繃婊わ級銆乤llow/deny rules锛堝厑璁?鎷掔粷瑙勫垯锛夈€乶etwork boundary锛堢綉缁滆竟鐣岋級锛屾兂鍒?Firewall銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
闃茬伀澧欎笉鏄竾鑳芥潃姣掋€傚畠绠℃祦閲忛€氫笉閫氾紝涓嶄竴瀹氳兘鐪嬫噦鎵€鏈変笟鍔￠闄┿€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Proxy

浠ｇ悊

forward proxycacheweb filtering

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Proxy 鏄浛瀹㈡埛绔幓璁块棶鐩爣鐨勪腑闂翠汉銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍏徃鍙兘鎯虫帶鍒跺憳宸ヨ闂綉绔欍€佽褰曡闂棩蹇椼€佺紦瀛樺唴瀹规垨闅愯棌鍐呴儴鍦板潃锛屼簬鏄娴侀噺鍏堣蛋浠ｇ悊銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍛樺伐娴忚澶栭儴缃戠珯鏃讹紝璇锋眰鍏堝埌鍏徃浠ｇ悊鏈嶅姟鍣紝浠ｇ悊鍐嶆浛鍛樺伐璁块棶澶栭儴缃戠珯銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?web filtering锛堢綉椤佃繃婊わ級銆乫orward proxy锛堟鍚戜唬鐞嗭級銆乧ache锛堢紦瀛橈級銆佺敤鎴疯闂帶鍒讹紝鎯冲埌 Proxy銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
姝ｅ悜浠ｇ悊鏇垮鎴风璁块棶澶栭儴锛涘弽鍚戜唬鐞嗘浛鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帴鏀跺閮ㄨ姹傘€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Reverse Proxy

鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊

backendTLS terminationreverse proxy

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Reverse Proxy 绔欏湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ墠闈紝鏇垮悗绔湇鍔″櫒鎺ュ緟澶栭儴鐢ㄦ埛銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
缃戠珯鍚庣鍙兘鏈夊鍙版湇鍔″櫒锛屼笉鑳界洿鎺ユ毚闇茬粰澶栭儴銆傚弽鍚戜唬鐞嗙粺涓€鍏ュ彛銆佸垎鍙戣姹傘€佸仛 TLS 缁堟鎴栧熀纭€闃叉姢銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛璁块棶缃戠珯鍩熷悕锛屽厛鎵撳埌鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊锛屽啀鐢卞畠鎶婅姹傝浆缁欑湡姝ｇ殑搴旂敤鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?protecting backend servers锛堜繚鎶ゅ悗绔湇鍔″櫒锛夈€乀LS termination銆乴oad distribution锛堝垎鍙戣姹傦級锛屾兂鍒?Reverse Proxy銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍙嶅悜浠ｇ悊闈㈠澶栭儴鐢ㄦ埛淇濇姢鏈嶅姟鍣紱姝ｅ悜浠ｇ悊闈㈠鍐呴儴鐢ㄦ埛鎺у埗浠栦滑璁块棶澶栭儴銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Load Balancer

璐熻浇鍧囪　鍣?/p>

health checktraffic distributionHA

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Load Balancer 鎶婅姹傚垎缁欏鍙板悗绔紝閬垮厤涓€鍙版満鍣ㄦ墰鍏ㄩ儴鍘嬪姏銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
涓€涓湇鍔″彲鑳介渶瑕佸鍙版湇鍔″櫒鍏卞悓鎵胯浇銆傝礋杞藉潎琛″櫒鎸夌瓥鐣ュ垎鍙戣姹傦紝鎻愰珮鎬ц兘鍜屽彲鐢ㄦ€с€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
缃戝簵澶т績鏃讹紝鐢ㄦ埛璇锋眰琚垎鍒板鍙板簲鐢ㄦ湇鍔″櫒銆傛煇鍙版湇鍔″櫒鍧忎簡锛岃礋杞藉潎琛″櫒鍋滄鎶婃柊璇锋眰鍙戠粰瀹冦€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?high availability锛堥珮鍙敤锛夈€乻caling锛堟墿灞曪級銆乭ealth check锛堝仴搴锋鏌ワ級銆乼raffic distribution锛堟祦閲忓垎鍙戯級锛屾兂鍒?Load Balancer銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
璐熻浇鍧囪　涓嶆槸澶囦唤銆傚畠瑙ｅ喅娴侀噺鍒嗗彂鍜屽彲鐢ㄦ€э紝涓嶄繚瀛樹笟鍔℃暟鎹壇鏈€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
DMZ

Demilitarized Zone锛岄殧绂诲尯/闈炲啗浜嬪尯

public serverscreened subnet闅旂

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
DMZ 鏄斁鍏紑鏈嶅姟鐨勭紦鍐插尯锛屽埆璁╁缃戠洿鎺ョ鍐呯綉鏍稿績绯荤粺銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
缃戠珯銆侀偖浠剁綉鍏炽€乂PN 鍏ュ彛绛夋湇鍔″繀椤昏澶栭儴璁块棶锛屼絾瀹冧滑琚敾鐮村悗涓嶈鐩存帴閫氬悜鍐呯綉銆侱MZ 灏辨槸涓棿闅旂甯︺€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍏徃瀹樼綉鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ斁鍦?DMZ锛屾暟鎹簱鍜岃储鍔＄郴缁熺暀鍦ㄥ唴缃戙€傛敾鍑昏€呮墦涓嬪畼缃戯紝涔熶笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ繘鍏ヨ储鍔″簱銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?public-facing server锛堝澶栨湇鍔″櫒锛夈€侀殧绂诲缃戝拰鍐呯綉銆乻creened subnet锛屾兂鍒?DMZ銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
DMZ 涓嶆槸澶囦唤鍖猴紝涔熶笉鏄殢渚挎斁鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鍦版柟銆傚畠鏄竟鐣岄殧绂昏璁°€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Subnet

瀛愮綉

IP rangesegmentationbroadcast

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Subnet 鏄妸涓€涓綉缁滃湴鍧€绌洪棿鍒囨垚鏇村皬鐨勭綉缁滃潡銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍏徃涓嶅笇鏈涙墍鏈夎澶囬兘鎸ゅ湪涓€涓ぇ缃戠粶閲屻€傚瓙缃戣兘甯姪瑙勫垝鍦板潃銆佹帶鍒跺箍鎾寖鍥村拰鍋氳闂帶鍒躲€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
璐㈠姟銆佺爺鍙戙€佽瀹?Wi-Fi 鍒嗗湪涓嶅悓瀛愮綉锛岃矾鐢卞拰闃茬伀澧欏啀鎺у埗瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鑳戒笉鑳戒簰璁裤€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?network segmentation锛堢綉缁滃垎娈碉級銆両P range锛堝湴鍧€鑼冨洿锛夈€乥roadcast scope锛堝箍鎾寖鍥达級锛屾兂鍒?Subnet銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Subnet 鏄?IP 灞傚湴鍧€鍒掑垎锛沄LAN 鏄簩灞傞€昏緫闅旂銆備袱鑰呭父涓€璧风敤锛屼絾涓嶆槸鍚屼竴涓蹇点€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing锛屾棤绫诲埆鍩熼棿璺敱

/24subnet maskrouting

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
CIDR 鐢ㄦ枩鏉犲啓缃戠粶澶у皬锛屾瘮濡?/24 琛ㄧず缃戠粶鍓?24 浣嶅浐瀹氥€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
浼犵粺 A/B/C 绫诲湴鍧€涓嶅鐏垫椿銆侰IDR 璁╃綉缁滃彲浠ユ寜瀹為檯澶у皬鍒嗛厤鍜屾眹鎬汇€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绠＄悊鍛樺啓 192.168.10.0/24锛岃〃绀鸿繖涓€娈电綉缁滈€氬父鏈?256 涓湴鍧€鑼冨洿銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 slash notation锛堟枩鏉犺〃绀烘硶锛夈€?24銆?16銆乻ubnet mask锛堝瓙缃戞帺鐮侊級锛屾兂鍒?CIDR銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
CIDR 涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑锛屼篃涓嶆槸鍗忚绔彛銆傚畠鏄?IP 鍦板潃鍜岃矾鐢辫〃绀烘柟娉曘€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Telnet

杩滅▼鐧诲綍鍗忚

23plaintextremote login

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Telnet 鑳借繙绋嬬櫥褰曪紝浣嗕紶缁?Telnet 鏄庢枃浼犺緭锛屽緢涓嶅畨鍏ㄣ€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏃╂湡缃戠粶鐜閲岃繙绋嬬鐞嗛渶瑕佺畝鍗曞崗璁€傚悗鏉ュ畨鍏ㄨ姹傛彁楂橈紝Telnet 鍥犳槑鏂囧瘑鐮佸拰鍐呭琚?SSH 鍙栦唬銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绠＄悊鍛樼敤 Telnet 杩炶澶囷紝鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅拰瀵嗙爜鍦ㄧ綉缁滀笂鍙兘琚姄鍒般€傚畨鍏ㄥ満鏅笅搴旇鎹?SSH銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?insecure remote administration锛堜笉瀹夊叏杩滅▼绠＄悊锛夈€佹槑鏂囩櫥褰曘€?3 绔彛锛屾兂鍒?Telnet銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Telnet 鍜?SSH 閮借兘杩滅▼绠＄悊锛屼絾 SSH 鍔犲瘑锛孴elnet 鏄庢枃銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
SSH

Secure Shell锛屽畨鍏ㄨ繙绋嬬櫥褰?/p>

22secure shellreplace Telnet

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
SSH 鏄畨鍏ㄨ繙绋嬬鐞嗘湇鍔″櫒鍜岀綉缁滆澶囩殑甯哥敤鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绠＄悊鍛樿繙绋嬬櫥褰曟椂浼氳緭鍏ュ懡浠ゅ拰鍑瘉锛屼笉鑳芥槑鏂囨毚闇插湪缃戠粶涓娿€係SH 鐢ㄥ姞瀵嗛€氶亾淇濇姢杩欎簺鍐呭銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
杩愮淮浜哄憳浠庡姙鍏鐧诲綍 Linux 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ墽琛岀淮鎶ゅ懡浠わ紝浣跨敤 SSH锛岃€屼笉鏄?Telnet銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?secure remote administration锛堝畨鍏ㄨ繙绋嬬鐞嗭級銆?2 绔彛銆佹浛浠?Telnet锛屾兂鍒?SSH銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
SSH 鏄畨鍏ㄩ€氶亾鍜岃繙绋?shell锛屼笉绛変簬 VPN銆俈PN 閫氬父淇濇姢鏇村箍鐨勭綉缁滆闂€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Zigbee

浣庡姛鑰楃煭璺濈鏃犵嚎缃戠粶鎶€鏈?/p>

IoTlow powerAESsensor

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Zigbee 甯哥敤浜庣墿鑱旂綉灏忚澶囷紝淇濇姢鏁版嵁娴侀噺鏃跺父鑰?AES銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
浼犳劅鍣ㄣ€佹櫤鑳界伅銆侀棬閿佽繖绫昏澶囩數閲忓皬銆佹暟鎹皯锛岄渶瑕佷綆鍔熻€楁棤绾块€氫俊銆俍igbee 灏辨槸杩欑被鍦烘櫙鐨勯€氫俊鎶€鏈€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏅鸿兘妤煎畤閲岋紝娓╁害浼犳劅鍣ㄥ拰鐏帶璁惧鐢?Zigbee 閫氫俊銆傞鐩棶瀹冪敤浠€涔堝畨鍏ㄦ満鍒朵繚鎶や紶杈撴暟鎹紝甯歌绛旀鏄?AES 鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?Zigbee network traffic secured in transit锛圸igbee 娴侀噺浼犺緭涓繚鎶わ級锛屽湪閫夐」閲岀湅鍒?AES encryption锛圓ES 鍔犲瘑锛変紭鍏堥€?AES銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
涓嶈閫?ROT13锛屽畠鍙槸绠€鍗曟浛鎹㈢帺鍏凤紱涓嶈鎶?3DES銆丅lowfish 褰撴垚 Zigbee 鐨勫父瑙佽€冭瘯绛旀銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Bluetooth

钃濈墮

pairingdiscoverableshort range

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Bluetooth 鏄繎璺濈涓汉璁惧閫氫俊锛屽父瑙佷簬鑰虫満銆侀敭鐩樸€佹墜鏈哄拰浼犳劅鍣ㄣ€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
寰堝璁惧涓嶉€傚悎鎻掔嚎锛屼篃涓嶉渶瑕?Wi-Fi 閭ｄ箞澶х殑瑕嗙洊鑼冨洿銆傝摑鐗欒В鍐崇煭璺濈銆佷綆鍔熻€楄繛鎺ャ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鎵嬫満杩炶摑鐗欒€虫満锛岀數鑴戣繛钃濈墮閿洏銆傚畨鍏ㄩ浼氬叧蹇冮厤瀵广€佸彲鍙戠幇妯″紡銆佸急 PIN 鍜岀獌鍚闄┿€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 pairing锛堥厤瀵癸級銆乨iscoverable mode锛堝彲鍙戠幇妯″紡锛夈€乻hort range wireless锛堢煭璺濈鏃犵嚎锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Bluetooth銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Bluetooth 涓嶆槸 Zigbee銆俍igbee 鏇村父瑙佷簬鐗╄仈缃戜紶鎰熺綉缁滐紝Bluetooth 鏇村父瑙佷簬涓汉璁惧杩炴帴銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Wi-Fi

鏃犵嚎灞€鍩熺綉

wireless LANWPA2guest network

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Wi-Fi 璁╄澶囨棤绾挎帴鍏ュ眬鍩熺綉锛屽畨鍏ㄩ噸鐐规槸璁よ瘉銆佸姞瀵嗗拰闅旂銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐢ㄦ埛闇€瑕佷笉鎻掔綉绾夸篃鑳戒笂缃戯紝浣嗘棤绾夸俊鍙蜂細椋炲埌绌烘皵閲屻€俉i-Fi 瀹夊叏蹇呴』鑰冭檻璋佽兘杩炪€佹暟鎹€庝箞淇濇姢銆佽瀹㈡€庝箞闅旂銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍏徃鍛樺伐杩炰紒涓?Wi-Fi锛岃瀹㈣繛璁垮 Wi-Fi銆備袱杈瑰彲鑳界敤涓嶅悓璁よ瘉鏂瑰紡鍜屼笉鍚岀綉缁滈殧绂汇€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?wireless LAN锛堟棤绾垮眬鍩熺綉锛夈€乄PA2/WPA3銆佷紒涓氭棤绾胯璇併€佽瀹㈢綉缁滈殧绂伙紝鎯冲埌 Wi-Fi銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Wi-Fi 鏄帴鍏ョ綉缁滄柟寮忥紱WPA2/WPA3 鏄繚鎶?Wi-Fi 鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ満鍒躲€?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
Hotspot

鏃犵嚎鐑偣

public Wi-Fievil twinrogue AP

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Hotspot 鏄竴涓兘璁╄澶囨帴鍏ョ綉缁滅殑鏃犵嚎鎺ュ叆鐐规垨鍏变韩缃戠粶銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ満鍦恒€佸挅鍟″簵銆佹墜鏈哄叡浜綉缁滄椂锛岄渶瑕佷复鏃舵帴鍏ャ€傜儹鐐规柟渚匡紝浣嗕篃瀹规槗琚亣鐑偣鍜屼腑闂翠汉鏀诲嚮鍒╃敤銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏀诲嚮鑰呭紑涓€涓悕瀛楀儚閰掑簵 Wi-Fi 鐨勭儹鐐癸紝鐢ㄦ埛杩炰笂鍚庢祦閲忚鐩戞帶鎴栧紩瀵煎埌鍋囩櫥褰曢〉銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?rogue access point锛堟伓鎰忔帴鍏ョ偣锛夈€乪vil twin锛堥偑鎭跺弻鑳炶儙锛夈€佸叕鍏?Wi-Fi 椋庨櫓锛屾兂鍒?Hotspot 瀹夊叏銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Hotspot 涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑鍗忚銆傚畠鍙槸鎺ュ叆鐐规垨鍏变韩缃戠粶鍦烘櫙銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
WPA2

Wi-Fi Protected Access 2

AESCCMPwireless security

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
WPA2 鏄父瑙佹棤绾垮畨鍏ㄦ柟妗堬紝鑰冭瘯閲岀粡甯稿拰 AES/CCMP 涓€璧峰嚭鐜般€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
WEP 澶急锛學PA 鍙槸杩囨浮銆俉PA2 鎻愪緵鏇存垚鐔熺殑鏃犵嚎淇濇姢鏈哄埗銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浼佷笟鎴栧搴?Wi-Fi 浣跨敤 WPA2锛屽鎴风杩炴帴鏃跺畬鎴愯璇侊紝涔嬪悗鏃犵嚎鏁版嵁琚姞瀵嗕繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?WPA2 浣跨敤浠€涔堝己鍔犲瘑鏈哄埗锛岀湅鍒?AES 鎴?CCMP 鏃惰鏁忔劅銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
WPA2 涓嶆槸 AES 鏈韩銆俉PA2 鏄棤绾垮畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗭紝AES/CCMP 鏄噷闈㈠父瑙佺殑淇濇姢鏈哄埗銆?/p>

缃戠粶涓庢棤绾?/p>
WPA3

Wi-Fi Protected Access 3

SAEnew Wi-Fipassword guessing

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
WPA3 鏄洿鏂颁竴浠?Wi-Fi 瀹夊叏锛屽己璋冩洿寮鸿璇佸拰鎶楃绾跨寽瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏃犵嚎鏀诲嚮鑰呭彲鑳芥姄鎻℃墜鍖呭悗绂荤嚎鐚滃瘑鐮併€俉PA3 鏀硅繘璁よ瘉鏂瑰紡锛岄檷浣庤繖绫婚闄┿€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏂拌矾鐢卞櫒鍚敤 WPA3-Personal锛岀敤鎴蜂粛杈撳叆 Wi-Fi 瀵嗙爜锛屼絾搴曞眰璁よ瘉姣旇€佹柟妗堟洿寮恒€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?SAE銆佹渶鏂版棤绾垮畨鍏ㄣ€佸寮轰釜浜虹綉缁滆璇侊紝鎯冲埌 WPA3銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
涓嶈鎶?WPA3 褰撴垚鏅€氬姞瀵嗙畻娉曘€傚畠鏄棤绾垮畨鍏ㄦ爣鍑嗐€?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Symmetric Encryption

瀵圭О鍔犲瘑

shared secretbulk dataAES

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
瀵圭О鍔犲瘑鏄竴鎶婂瘑閽ヤ袱澶寸敤锛氬悓涓€绫荤瀵嗚礋璐ｅ姞瀵嗗拰瑙ｅ瘑銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
澶ч噺鏁版嵁鍔犲瘑闇€瑕侀€熷害蹇€傚绉板姞瀵嗘晥鐜囬珮锛岄€傚悎淇濇姢鏂囦欢銆佺鐩樺拰閫氫俊涓殑澶ч噺鍐呭銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓よ竟鍏堝畨鍏ㄥ崗鍟嗗嚭涓€涓細璇濆瘑閽ワ紝鐒跺悗鐢ㄨ繖涓瘑閽ュ揩閫熷姞瀵嗗悗缁ぇ娴侀噺鏁版嵁銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?fast encryption锛堝揩閫熷姞瀵嗭級銆乥ulk data锛堝ぇ閲忔暟鎹級銆乻hared secret锛堝叡浜瘑閽ワ級锛屾兂鍒板绉板姞瀵嗐€?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
瀵圭О鍔犲瘑蹇紝浣嗗瘑閽ュ垎鍙戞槸闅剧偣銆傞潪瀵圭О鍔犲瘑甯哥敤鏉ヨВ鍐冲瘑閽ヤ氦鎹㈠拰绛惧悕闂銆?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Asymmetric Encryption

闈炲绉板姞瀵?/p>

public keyprivate keyRSAECC

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
闈炲绉板姞瀵嗘槸涓€瀵归挜鍖欙細鍏挜缁欏埆浜猴紝绉侀挜鑷繁淇濈銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
闄岀敓鍙屾柟涓€寮€濮嬫病鏈夊叡浜瘑閽ワ紝闇€瑕佷竴绉嶆柟寮忓畨鍏ㄥ缓绔嬩俊浠汇€佷氦鎹㈠瘑閽ユ垨鍋氱鍚嶃€傚叕绉侀挜浣撶郴瑙ｅ喅杩欎釜闂銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
娴忚鍣ㄨ闂?HTTPS 缃戠珯锛屽厛鐢ㄨ瘉涔﹀拰鍏挜寤虹珛淇′换锛屽啀鍗忓晢鍚庣画閫氫俊瑕佺敤鐨勪細璇濆瘑閽ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?public/private key锛堝叕绉侀挜锛夈€乨igital signature锛堟暟瀛楃鍚嶏級銆乲ey exchange锛堝瘑閽ヤ氦鎹級锛屾兂鍒伴潪瀵圭О鍔犲瘑銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
闈炲绉板姞瀵嗛€氬父姣斿绉版參锛屼笉閫傚悎鐩存帴鍔犲瘑澶ч噺涓氬姟鏁版嵁銆?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Hashing

鍝堝笇

integritydigestone-way

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
鍝堝笇鎶婂唴瀹瑰帇鎴愭憳瑕侊紝鐢ㄦ潵妫€鏌ユ湁娌℃湁鍙橈紝涓嶆槸鐢ㄦ潵杩樺師鍘熸枃銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绯荤粺甯稿父鍙渶瑕佸垽鏂暟鎹槸鍚﹁鏀硅繃锛屼笉闇€瑕佸姞瀵嗗啀瑙ｅ瘑銆傚搱甯岃兘蹇€熺粰鍑哄唴瀹规寚绾广€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓嬭浇杞欢鍚庢瘮瀵瑰搱甯屽€硷紝濡傛灉鏂囦欢琚鏀癸紝绠楀嚭鏉ョ殑鎽樿浼氫笉涓€鏍枫€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級銆乵essage digest锛堟秷鎭憳瑕侊級銆乷ne-way function锛堝崟鍚戝嚱鏁帮級锛屾兂鍒板搱甯屻€?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍝堝笇涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑銆傚姞瀵嗚兘瑙ｅ瘑鍥炲師鏂囷紝鍝堝笇姝ｅ父涓嶈兘杩樺師銆?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Salt

鐩愬€?/p>

rainbow tablepassword hashrandom

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Salt 鏄粰瀵嗙爜鍝堝笇鍓嶅姞鐨勪竴娈甸殢鏈哄€硷紝璁╃浉鍚屽瘑鐮佷笉闀垮緱涓€鏍枫€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
寰堝浜轰細鐢ㄧ浉鍚屽瘑鐮併€傚鏋滅洿鎺ュ搱甯岋紝鐩稿悓瀵嗙爜浼氫骇鐢熺浉鍚屾憳瑕併€傚姞鐩愬彲浠ヨ鏀诲嚮鑰呮洿闅炬壒閲忔煡琛ㄣ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓や釜鐢ㄦ埛閮界敤鍚屼竴涓急瀵嗙爜锛屼絾绯荤粺缁欐瘡涓汉鍔犱笉鍚?salt锛屾暟鎹簱閲屼繚瀛樼殑鍝堝笇缁撴灉涔熶笉鍚屻€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?password storage锛堝瘑鐮佷繚瀛橈級銆乺ainbow table锛堝僵铏硅〃锛夈€乽nique random value锛堝敮涓€闅忔満鍊硷級锛屾兂鍒?Salt銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Salt 涓嶆槸瀵嗙爜锛屼篃涓嶆槸鍔犲瘑瀵嗛挜銆傚畠閫氬父鍙互鍜屽搱甯屼竴璧蜂繚瀛橈紝閲嶇偣鏄棰勮绠楁敾鍑诲け鏁堛€?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Digital Signature

鏁板瓧绛惧悕

signverifynonrepudiation

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
鏁板瓧绛惧悕鐢ㄧ閽ョ锛屽埆浜虹敤鍏挜楠岋紝璇佹槑鏉ユ簮鍜屽唴瀹规病鏈夎鏀广€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀朵欢浜洪渶瑕佺煡閬撴秷鎭槸涓嶆槸閭ｄ釜浜哄彂鐨勶紝浠ュ強涓€旀湁娌℃湁琚敼銆傛暟瀛楃鍚嶆彁渚涘畬鏁存€с€佺湡瀹炴€у拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁鎬ф敮鎸併€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
杞欢鍘傚晢鍙戝竷瀹夎鍖呮椂缁欐枃浠剁鍚嶃€傜敤鎴风郴缁熼獙璇佺鍚嶏紝纭鏂囦欢鏉ヨ嚜鍘傚晢涓旀病琚鏀广€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?nonrepudiation锛堜笉鍙惁璁わ級銆乤uthenticity锛堢湡瀹炴€э級銆乮ntegrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級锛屽父鎯冲埌鏁板瓧绛惧悕銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
绛惧悕涓嶆槸涓轰簡淇濆瘑銆傜鍚嶈瘉鏄庤皝绛剧殑鍜屽唴瀹规病鍙橈紱鍔犲瘑鎵嶄富瑕佷繚鎶ゅ埆浜虹湅涓嶆噦銆?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Certificate

鏁板瓧璇佷功

CAX.509certificate chain

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
璇佷功鎶婅韩浠藉拰鍏挜缁戝湪涓€璧凤紝骞剁敱鍙俊鏈烘瀯绛惧悕鑳屼功銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐪嬪埌涓€涓叕閽ユ椂锛屼綘闇€瑕佺煡閬撳畠鍒板簳灞炰簬璋併€傝瘉涔﹁ CA 甯繖璇佹槑杩欎釜缁戝畾鍏崇郴銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
娴忚鍣ㄨ闂摱琛岀綉绔欙紝缃戠珯鍙戞潵璇佷功銆傛祻瑙堝櫒妫€鏌ヨ瘉涔﹂摼銆佸煙鍚嶃€佹湁鏁堟湡鍜屾挙閿€鐘舵€侊紝鍐嶅喅瀹氭槸鍚︿俊浠汇€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?public key binding锛堝叕閽ョ粦瀹氳韩浠斤級銆丆A銆乧ertificate chain锛堣瘉涔﹂摼锛夈€乆.509锛屾兂鍒?Certificate銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
璇佷功涓嶆槸绉侀挜銆傝瘉涔﹂€氬父鍙互鍏紑锛岀閽ュ繀椤讳繚鎶ゃ€?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Certificate Pinning

璇佷功鍥哄畾/璇佷功閽夋墡

pinningMITMmobile app

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Certificate Pinning 鏄鎴风鍙帴鍙楅鏈熻瘉涔︽垨鍏挜锛屽噺灏戣鍋囪瘉涔﹂獥璧扮殑椋庨櫓銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
濡傛灉鏀诲嚮鑰呭紕鍒伴敊璇鍙戠殑璇佷功锛屾櫘閫氶獙璇佸彲鑳借缁曡繃銆傞拤鎵庤瀹㈡埛绔浣忓簲璇ヤ俊鍝釜璇佷功鎴栧叕閽ャ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鎵嬫満 App 鍐呯疆鏌愭湇鍔＄殑鍏挜鎸囩汗銆傚嵆浣挎敾鍑昏€呮嬁鍒板彟涓€涓湅浼兼湁鏁堢殑璇佷功锛孉pp 涔熸嫆缁濊繛鎺ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂槻姝吉閫犺瘉涔︺€佷腑闂翠汉鏀诲嚮銆佺Щ鍔?App 鍥哄畾鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ瘉涔︼紝鎯冲埌 Certificate Pinning銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
璇佷功閽夋墡涓嶆槸璇佷功鎾ら攢銆傛挙閿€鏄瘉涔﹀け鏁堟鏌ワ紝閽夋墡鏄檺鍒朵俊浠诲璞°€?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Key Escrow

瀵嗛挜鎵樼

escrowkey recoveryencrypted data

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Key Escrow 鏄妸瀵嗛挜鍓湰浜ょ粰鍙楁帶绗笁鏂规垨鍐呴儴鏈哄埗淇濈锛屼互渚跨壒娈婃儏鍐典笅鎭㈠銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
濡傛灉鍛樺伐绂昏亴銆佽澶囨崯鍧忔垨鍙告硶鍚堣瑕佹眰璁块棶鍔犲瘑鏁版嵁锛岀粍缁囧彲鑳介渶瑕佸彲鎺ф仮澶嶈矾寰勩€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍏徃瀵圭鐩樺姞瀵嗗瘑閽ュ仛鎵樼銆傚憳宸ュ繕璁板瘑鐮佹椂锛屽畨鍏ㄦ祦绋嬫壒鍑嗗悗鍙互鎭㈠璁块棶鏁版嵁銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?recovery of encrypted data锛堟仮澶嶅姞瀵嗘暟鎹級銆乪scrow agent锛堟墭绠℃柟锛夈€乴aw enforcement access锛堟墽娉曡闂級锛屾兂鍒?Key Escrow銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
瀵嗛挜鎵樼浼氬鍔犳不鐞嗗拰婊ョ敤椋庨櫓锛屼笉鏄墍鏈夐殣绉佸満鏅兘閫傚悎銆?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Key Rotation

瀵嗛挜杞崲

crypto periodrotatekey compromise

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Key Rotation 鏄畾鏈熸垨鍦ㄩ闄╀簨浠跺悗鏇存崲瀵嗛挜銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
瀵嗛挜鐢ㄥお涔咃紝鏆撮湶姒傜巼鍜屽奖鍝嶈寖鍥撮兘浼氬彉澶с€傝疆鎹㈣兘缂╃煭鍗曟妸瀵嗛挜鐨勬湁鏁堥闄╃獥鍙ｃ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
浜戝钩鍙版瘡 90 澶╄嚜鍔ㄨ疆鎹㈡湇鍔″瘑閽ワ紝鏃у瘑閽ラ€愭澶辨晥锛屾柊瀵嗛挜缁х画淇濇姢鏁版嵁銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂畾鏈熸洿鎹㈠瘑閽ャ€佸瘑閽ユ硠闇插悗鐨勫缃€乧rypto period锛堝瘑鐮佸懆鏈燂級锛屾兂鍒?Key Rotation銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
杞崲涓嶆槸鎾ら攢銆傛挙閿€鏄鏌愪釜鍑瘉澶辨晥锛岃疆鎹㈡槸鐢ㄦ柊瀵嗛挜鏇挎崲鏃у瘑閽ャ€?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Stream Cipher

娴佸瘑鐮?/p>

streamRC4keystream

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
娴佸瘑鐮佸儚涓€杈规祦姘翠竴杈瑰姞瀵嗭紝鎸変綅鎴栨寜瀛楄妭澶勭悊鏁版嵁娴併€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏈変簺閫氫俊鍦烘櫙闇€瑕佽繛缁€佷綆寤惰繜澶勭悊鏁版嵁锛屼笉鎯崇瓑涓€鏁村潡鏁版嵁鍑戦綈銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
瀹炴椂閫氫俊娴佸彲浠ヨ竟鍒拌竟鍔犲瘑锛屽瘑閽ユ祦鍜屾槑鏂囩粍鍚堝緱鍒板瘑鏂囥€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?stream锛堟祦锛夈€乥it/byte at a time锛堥€愪綅/閫愬瓧鑺傦級銆丷C4 杩欑被鑰佷緥瀛愶紝鎯冲埌 Stream Cipher銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
娴佸瘑鐮佸拰鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡涓嶅悓銆傚垎缁勫瘑鐮佹妸鏁版嵁鎸夊浐瀹氬ぇ灏忓潡澶勭悊銆?/p>

瀵嗙爜涓庤瘉涔?/p>
Block Cipher

鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜

AESCBCGCMblock

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜鎶婃暟鎹垏鎴愬浐瀹氬ぇ灏忓潡锛屽啀鎸夋ā寮忓姞瀵嗐€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
寰堝鐜颁唬瀵圭О鍔犲瘑绠楁硶浠ュ浐瀹氬潡涓哄崟浣嶅伐浣滐紝闇€瑕佷笉鍚屾ā寮忓鐞嗛暱娑堟伅鍜岄噸澶嶅潡闂銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
AES 鏄垎缁勫瘑鐮併€傚姞瀵嗛暱鏂囦欢鏃讹紝闇€瑕?CBC銆丆TR銆丟CM 绛夋ā寮忔潵澶勭悊澶氫釜鏁版嵁鍧椼€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?block size锛堝垎缁勫ぇ灏忥級銆丆BC/ECB/CTR/GCM銆丄ES锛屾兂鍒?Block Cipher銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍒嗙粍瀵嗙爜绠楁硶鍜屽垎缁勬ā寮忎笉鏄竴鍥炰簨銆侫ES 鏄畻娉曪紝GCM/CBC 鏄伐浣滄ā寮忋€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Social Engineering

绀句細宸ョ▼

pretextimpersonation楠?/span>

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
绀句細宸ョ▼涓嶆槸鍏堟墦鏈哄櫒锛岃€屾槸鍏堥獥杩囦汉銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
浜轰細淇′换鐔熶汉銆佹潈濞併€佺揣鎬ユ儏鍐靛拰濂藉銆傛敾鍑昏€呭埄鐢ㄥ績鐞嗗急鐐圭粫杩囨妧鏈帶鍒躲€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏀诲嚮鑰呭啋鍏?IT 鏀寔锛岃璐﹀彿寮傚父闇€瑕侀獙璇佺爜銆傜敤鎴蜂竴绱у紶鎶婇獙璇佺爜浜ゅ嚭鍘伙紝鎶€鏈槻绾垮氨琚粫寮€浜嗐€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?manipulation锛堟搷绾碉級銆乸retext锛堝€熷彛锛夈€侀獥鍙栧嚟璇併€佸啋鍏呭鏈嶆垨鑰佹澘锛屾兂鍒?Social Engineering銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
绀句細宸ョ▼鍙互閫氳繃閭欢銆佺數璇濄€佺煭淇°€佺幇鍦哄熬闅忓彂鐢燂紝涓嶅彧绛変簬閽撻奔閭欢銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Phishing

閽撻奔鏀诲嚮

fake emailmalicious linkcredential

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Phishing 鐢ㄥ亣娑堟伅楠楃敤鎴风偣閾炬帴銆佷氦瀵嗙爜鎴栦笅杞芥伓鎰忔枃浠躲€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀诲嚮鑰呬笉涓€瀹氳兘鏀荤牬绯荤粺锛屼絾鍙互璁╃敤鎴疯嚜宸辨妸闂ㄦ墦寮€銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛鏀跺埌涓€灏佸儚閾惰鍙戞潵鐨勯偖浠讹紝鐐硅繘鍋囩櫥褰曢〉杈撳叆璐﹀彿瀵嗙爜锛屽嚟璇佸氨琚敾鍑昏€呮嬁璧般€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 fake email锛堝亣閭欢锛夈€乧redential harvesting锛堟敹闆嗗嚟璇侊級銆乵alicious link锛堟伓鎰忛摼鎺ワ級锛屾兂鍒?Phishing銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鏅€?phishing 闈㈠悜寰堝浜猴紱spear phishing 閽堝鐗瑰畾浜烘垨缁勭粐銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Spear Phishing

楸煎弶寮忛挀楸?/p>

targetedpersonalizedspecific user

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Spear Phishing 鏄畾鍚戦挀楸硷紝鍐呭浼氶拡瀵规煇涓汉鎴栨煇涓粍缁囧畾鍒躲€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
瓒婂儚鐪熺殑锛岃秺瀹规槗楠楄繃浜恒€傛敾鍑昏€呬細鍏堟敹闆嗙洰鏍囪祫鏂欙紝鍐嶅啓鐪嬭捣鏉ュ緢鍚堢悊鐨勬秷鎭€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
璐㈠姟鏀跺埌涓€灏佺湅璧锋潵鍍忛」鐩粡鐞嗗彂鏉ョ殑閭欢锛岄噷闈㈡彁鍒扮湡瀹為」鐩悕鍜屼緵搴斿晢锛岃姹傛墦寮€闄勪欢銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?targeted phishing锛堝畾鍚戦挀楸硷級銆乸ersonalized email锛堜釜鎬у寲閭欢锛夈€侀拡瀵规煇鍛樺伐锛屾兂鍒?Spear Phishing銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Whaling 鏄?spear phishing 鐨勭壒娈婂舰寮忥紝鐩爣鏄珮绠℃垨閲嶈浜虹墿銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Whaling

鎹曢哺鏀诲嚮

CEOexecutivehigh-value

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Whaling 鏄拡瀵归珮绠°€佸ぇ瀹㈡埛鎴栧叧閿汉鐗╃殑瀹氬悜閽撻奔銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
楂樺眰璐﹀彿鏉冮檺楂樸€佸奖鍝嶅ぇ锛岄獥鍒颁竴娆″彲鑳界洿鎺ラ€犳垚澶ч杞处鎴栨晱鎰熶俊鎭硠闇层€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏀诲嚮鑰呬吉瑁呮垚寰嬪笀浜嬪姟鎵€缁?CEO 鍙戞枃浠讹紝璇卞杈撳叆閭瀵嗙爜銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 CEO銆丆FO銆乪xecutive锛堥珮绠★級銆乭igh-value target锛堥珮浠峰€肩洰鏍囷級锛屾兂鍒?Whaling銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Whaling 涓嶆槸鏅€氱兢鍙戦挀楸硷紝瀹冨己璋冪洰鏍囪韩浠介噸瑕併€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Vishing

璇煶閽撻奔

phonevoicecall

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Vishing 鐢ㄧ數璇濇垨璇煶楠楃敤鎴蜂氦鍑轰俊鎭垨鍋氬姩浣溿€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐢佃瘽閲岀殑绱ц揩鎰熷拰鐪熶汉澹伴煶瀹规槗璁╀汉鏀炬澗璀︽儠銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏀诲嚮鑰呮墦鐢佃瘽鍐掑厖閾惰椋庢帶锛岃璐︽埛寮傚父锛岃姹傜敤鎴锋姤楠岃瘉鐮併€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 phone call锛堢數璇濓級銆乿oice锛堣闊筹級銆佸啋鍏呭鏈嶇储瑕佷俊鎭紝鎯冲埌 Vishing銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Smishing 鏄煭淇￠挀楸硷紝Vishing 鏄闊虫垨鐢佃瘽閽撻奔銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Smishing

鐭俊閽撻奔

SMStext messagemobile link

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Smishing 鐢ㄧ煭淇￠獥鐢ㄦ埛鐐归摼鎺ユ垨鎻愪氦淇℃伅銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐭俊鐭€佹€ャ€佸儚閫氱煡锛岀敤鎴峰鏄撶洿鎺ョ偣閾炬帴銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛鏀跺埌蹇€掑紓甯哥煭淇★紝鐐归摼鎺ヨ繘鍏ュ亣椤甸潰杈撳叆韬唤璇佸拰閾惰鍗′俊鎭€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 SMS銆乼ext message锛堢煭淇★級銆佹墜鏈虹煭閾炬帴锛屾兂鍒?Smishing銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Smishing 涓嶆槸閭欢閽撻奔銆傝浇浣撴槸鐭俊鎴栫被浼肩Щ鍔ㄦ秷鎭€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Tailgating

灏鹃殢杩涘叆

physical accessdoorfollow

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Tailgating 鏄窡鐫€鏈夋潈闄愮殑浜烘贩杩涘彈鎺у尯鍩熴€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
闂ㄧ绯荤粺鍙鍒峰崱鍔ㄤ綔锛屼絾浜哄彲鑳藉嚭浜庣ぜ璨屽府鍒汉寮€闂ㄣ€傛敾鍑昏€呭埄鐢ㄨ繖绉嶄範鎯粫杩囩墿鐞嗛棬绂併€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍛樺伐鍒峰崱杩涙満鎴匡紝鍚庨潰鐨勪汉鎶辩潃绠卞瓙璇村繕甯﹀崱锛屽憳宸ラ『鎵嬫妸闂ㄦ拺浣忚浠栬繘鏉ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?physical access锛堢墿鐞嗚闂級銆佽窡闅忚繘鍏ャ€乤nti-passback銆乵antrap锛屾兂鍒?Tailgating銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Tailgating 鏄墿鐞嗙ぞ宸ワ紝涓嶆槸缃戠粶娴侀噺璺熻釜銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Shoulder Surfing

鑲╃

PINobserveprivacy screen

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Shoulder Surfing 鏄伔鐪嬪埆浜鸿緭鍏ユ垨灞忓箷涓婄殑鏁忔劅淇℃伅銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
瀵嗙爜銆侀獙璇佺爜銆侀棬绂?PIN 鍙兘涓嶇敤鎶€鏈敾鍑伙紝鍙绔欏湪鏃佽竟鐪嬪氨鑳藉緱鍒般€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄥ挅鍟″簵杈撳叆鍏徃 VPN 瀵嗙爜锛屾梺杈圭殑浜哄亣瑁呯湅鎵嬫満锛屽叾瀹炲湪鐪嬮敭鐩樸€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?someone observes password/PIN锛堟湁浜鸿瀵熷瘑鐮佹垨 PIN锛夈€乸rivacy screen锛堥槻绐ュ睆锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Shoulder Surfing銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鑲╃涓嶄竴瀹氶渶瑕佹憚鍍忓ご锛岃倝鐪艰瀵熶篃绠椼€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Dumpster Diving

缈诲瀮鍦?/p>

trashshreddingdisposal

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Dumpster Diving 鏄粠搴熷純鏉愭枡閲屾壘鏁忔劅淇℃伅銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绾歌川鏂囦欢銆佹爣绛俱€佹棫纭洏銆佷究绛惧拰鎵撳嵃搴熺焊鍙兘娉勯湶璐﹀彿銆佹灦鏋勫拰瀹㈡埛淇℃伅銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏀诲嚮鑰呬粠鍏徃鍨冨溇妗堕噷缈诲埌缃戠粶鎷撴墤鎵撳嵃浠跺拰鍐欑潃涓存椂瀵嗙爜鐨勪究绛俱€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?shredding锛堢绾革級銆乻ecure disposal锛堝畨鍏ㄩ攢姣侊級銆佸瀮鍦句腑娉勯湶淇℃伅锛屾兂鍒?Dumpster Diving銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
瀹冩槸鐗╃悊鍜屾祦绋嬮棶棰橈紝涓嶆槸鎭舵剰杞欢銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Virus

鐥呮瘨

host fileinfectuser action

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Virus 闇€瑕侀檮鐫€鍦ㄥ涓绘枃浠舵垨绋嬪簭涓婏紝閫氬父闈犵敤鎴疯繍琛屼紶鎾€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐥呮瘨鍊熷埆鐨勬枃浠剁敓瀛樺拰澶嶅埗锛屽儚鎶婃伓鎰忎唬鐮佽棌杩涙甯告枃浠堕噷銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛鎵撳紑琚劅鏌撶殑鏂囨。鎴栫▼搴忥紝鐥呮瘨浠ｇ爜鎵ц锛屽啀鎰熸煋鏇村鏂囦欢銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?attaches to host file锛堥檮鐫€瀹夸富鏂囦欢锛夈€乶eeds user action锛堥渶瑕佺敤鎴峰姩浣滐級锛屾兂鍒?Virus銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Worm 鍙互鑷繁浼犳挱锛孷irus 閫氬父闇€瑕佸涓诲拰瑙﹀彂鎵ц銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Worm

锠曡櫕

self-propagatingnetworkscan

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Worm 鑳借嚜鎴戝鍒跺苟閫氳繃缃戠粶浼犳挱锛屼笉涓€瀹氶渶瑕佺敤鎴锋墜鍔ㄦ墦寮€鏂囦欢銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
锠曡櫕鍒╃敤婕忔礊鎴栧急閰嶇疆鑷姩鎵╂暎锛岄€熷害鍙兘寰堝揩銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓€鍙版湇鍔″櫒琚劅鏌撳悗锛岃爼铏壂鎻忓唴缃戝叾浠栨満鍣紝鑷姩灏濊瘯鍚屾牱婕忔礊缁х画鎰熸煋銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?self-propagating锛堣嚜浼犳挱锛夈€乶etwork spread锛堢綉缁滄墿鏁ｏ級锛屾兂鍒?Worm銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
涓嶈鍜?Virus 娣枫€傜梾姣掍緷闄勫涓绘枃浠讹紝锠曡櫕寮鸿皟鑷姩浼犳挱銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Trojan

鏈ㄩ┈

disguisedfake appinstall

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Trojan 浼鎴愭湁鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝楠楃敤鎴疯嚜宸卞畨瑁呮垨杩愯銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀诲嚮鑰呰鎭舵剰杞欢鐪嬭捣鏉ュ儚鐮磋В宸ュ叿銆佸彂绁ㄣ€佹父鎴忔彃浠舵垨姝ｅ父搴旂敤锛岄檷浣庣敤鎴锋垝蹇冦€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛涓嬭浇涓€涓墍璋撳厤璐硅蒋浠讹紝瀹夎鍚庤〃闈㈣兘鐢紝鑳屽悗鍗村紑鍚庨棬鍋锋暟鎹€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?disguised as legitimate software锛堜吉瑁呮垚姝ｅ父杞欢锛夈€乽ser installs it锛堢敤鎴峰畨瑁咃級锛屾兂鍒?Trojan銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Trojan 涓嶉潬鑷垜澶嶅埗浣滀负鏍稿績鐗瑰緛锛屾牳蹇冩槸浼鍜屾楠椼€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Ransomware

鍕掔储杞欢

ransomencrypted filesavailability

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Ransomware 鍔犲瘑鎴栭攣浣忔暟鎹紝鍐嶈姹傚彈瀹宠€呬粯璧庨噾銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏁版嵁瀵圭粍缁囧緢閲嶈銆傛敾鍑昏€呴€氳繃璁╂暟鎹笉鍙敤鏉ラ€艰揩浠樻銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍏徃鏂囦欢鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ噷鐨勬枃浠剁獊鐒堕兘琚姞瀵嗭紝灞忓箷鏄剧ず浠樻璇存槑鍜屽€掕鏃躲€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?encrypted files锛堟枃浠惰鍔犲瘑锛夈€乺ansom note锛堣祹閲戣鏄庯級銆佷笟鍔′腑鏂紝鎯冲埌 Ransomware銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍕掔储杞欢閫犳垚鐨勬牳蹇冨奖鍝嶅父甯告槸鍙敤鎬ц鐮村潖锛屼笉鍙槸鏈哄瘑鎬с€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Rootkit

Rootkit锛岄殣钘忓瀷鎭舵剰宸ュ叿

stealthkernelhide

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Rootkit 鐨勯噸鐐规槸闅愯棌鑷繁骞剁淮鎸侀珮鏉冮檺鎺у埗銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀诲嚮鑰呮嬁鍒扮郴缁熷悗锛屼笉鎯宠绠＄悊鍛樺彂鐜般€俁ootkit 浼氶殣钘忚繘绋嬨€佹枃浠躲€佺綉缁滆繛鎺ユ垨鍐呮牳淇敼銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ湅璧锋潵姝ｅ父锛屼絾绯荤粺鍛戒护琚鏀癸紝鐪嬩笉鍒版敾鍑昏€呯殑鍚庨棬杩涚▼銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?stealth锛堥殣钄斤級銆乲ernel-level锛堝唴鏍哥骇锛夈€乭ide process/files锛堥殣钘忚繘绋嬫垨鏂囦欢锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Rootkit銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Rootkit 涓嶄竴瀹氭槸鏈€鍒濆叆渚垫柟寮忥紝瀹冨父鐢ㄤ簬鍏ヤ镜鍚庣殑闅愯棌鍜屾寔涔呭寲銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Backdoor

鍚庨棬

hidden accesspersistencebypass

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Backdoor 鏄粫杩囨甯歌璇佹垨娴佺▼杩涘叆绯荤粺鐨勯殣钘忛€氶亾銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀诲嚮鑰呮兂浠ュ悗杩樿兘鍥炴潵锛屽氨浼氱暀涓€涓笉璧版甯搁棬绂佺殑鍏ュ彛銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绯荤粺琛ㄩ潰婕忔礊淇ソ浜嗭紝浣嗘敾鍑昏€呯暀涓嬮殣钘忚处鍙锋垨鎭舵剰鏈嶅姟锛屼箣鍚庤繕鑳借繙绋嬬櫥褰曘€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?unauthorized access path锛堟湭鎺堟潈璁块棶璺緞锛夈€乭idden access锛堥殣钘忓叆鍙ｏ級銆乸ersistence锛堟寔涔呭寲锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Backdoor銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍚庨棬鏄叆鍙ｆ垨鏈哄埗锛屼笉涓€瀹氱瓑浜庢煇涓€绉嶆伓鎰忚蒋浠剁被鍨嬨€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Botnet

鍍靛案缃戠粶

C2DDoSmany hosts

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Botnet 鏄竴缇よ鎺у埗鐨勫彈瀹宠澶囷紝鍚敾鍑昏€呮寚鎸ヤ竴璧疯鍔ㄣ€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
涓€鍙版満鍣ㄦ敾鍑诲姏鏈夐檺锛屽緢澶氳鎺ц澶囧悎璧锋潵鍙互鍙戝瀮鍦鹃偖浠躲€佹寲鐭挎垨鍙戝姩 DDoS銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鎴愬崈涓婁竾鍙拌鎰熸煋鐨勬憚鍍忓ご鍚屾椂鍚戜竴涓綉绔欏彂璇锋眰锛屾妸缃戠珯鍘嬪灝銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?command and control锛堝懡浠ゆ帶鍒讹級銆丏DoS銆乵any compromised hosts锛堝ぇ閲忓彈鎺т富鏈猴級锛屾兂鍒?Botnet銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Botnet 鏄鎺ц澶囩兢锛屼笉鏄崟涓梾姣掑悕銆?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Logic Bomb

閫昏緫鐐稿脊

triggerdatecondition

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Logic Bomb 鏄瓑鏌愪釜鏉′欢瑙﹀彂鎵嶆墽琛屾伓鎰忓姩浣溿€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀诲嚮鑰呮垨鍐呴儴浜哄憳鎯宠鐮村潖鍦ㄧ壒瀹氭椂闂淬€佹棩鏈熸垨浜嬩欢鍙戠敓鍚庢墠鐖嗗彂銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绂昏亴鍛樺伐鍩嬩笅浠ｇ爜锛氬鏋滆嚜宸辩殑璐﹀彿琚仠鐢紝灏辫嚜鍔ㄥ垹闄ゆ煇浜涙枃浠躲€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?triggered by event/date锛堢敱浜嬩欢鎴栨棩鏈熻Е鍙戯級銆乨elayed malicious action锛堝欢杩熸伓鎰忓姩浣滐級锛屾兂鍒?Logic Bomb銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
閫昏緫鐐稿脊寮鸿皟瑙﹀彂鏉′欢锛屼笉绛変簬鎵€鏈夋伓鎰忚蒋浠躲€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Spyware

闂磋皪杞欢

monitorcollectprivacy

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Spyware 鍋峰伔鏀堕泦鐢ㄦ埛娲诲姩鍜屼俊鎭€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏀诲嚮鑰呮兂闀挎湡瑙傚療鐢ㄦ埛琛屼负銆佹祻瑙堣褰曘€佽处鍙蜂俊鎭垨鏁忔劅鏁版嵁銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛鐢佃剳琚畨瑁呯洃鎺ц蒋浠讹紝娴忚鍘嗗彶鍜岃緭鍏ュ唴瀹硅涓婁紶鍒版敾鍑昏€呮湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?secretly monitors user锛堢瀵嗙洃鎺х敤鎴凤級銆乧ollects information锛堟敹闆嗕俊鎭級锛屾兂鍒?Spyware銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Spyware 閲嶇偣鏄洃鎺у拰鏀堕泦锛屼笉涓€瀹氱洿鎺ュ姞瀵嗘枃浠跺嫆绱€?/p>

鏀诲嚮涓庢伓鎰忚蒋浠?/p>
Keylogger

閿洏璁板綍鍣?/p>

keystrokespasswordcapture

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Keylogger 璁板綍鐢ㄦ埛鎸夐敭锛屽父鐢ㄦ潵鍋峰瘑鐮佸拰楠岃瘉鐮併€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍗充娇閫氫俊鍔犲瘑锛岀敤鎴峰湪鏈満杈撳叆鏃朵粛鍙兘琚伓鎰忕▼搴忚褰曘€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛鐧诲綍缃戦摱鏃讹紝閿洏璁板綍鍣ㄦ妸璐﹀彿銆佸瘑鐮佸拰閮ㄥ垎楠岃瘉鐮佽緭鍏ヨ褰曚笅鏉ャ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?captures keystrokes锛堟崟鑾锋寜閿級銆乧redential theft锛堝嚟璇佺獌鍙栵級锛屾兂鍒?Keylogger銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Keylogger 鍙互鏄蒋浠讹紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸纭欢灏忚澶囥€?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Buffer Overflow

缂撳啿鍖烘孩鍑?/p>

memorystackinput length

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Buffer Overflow 鏄▼搴忔妸鏁版嵁鍐欒繃浜嗛鐣欑┖闂达紝鍙兘瑕嗙洊鍐呭瓨骞舵墽琛屾敾鍑讳唬鐮併€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绋嬪簭濡傛灉涓嶆鏌ヨ緭鍏ラ暱搴︼紝鏀诲嚮鑰呭彲浠ラ€佸叆瓒呴暱鏁版嵁锛岀牬鍧忕▼搴忓唴瀛樼粨鏋勩€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓€涓棫鏈嶅姟鎺ユ敹鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶆椂鍙噯澶?64 瀛楄妭锛屾敾鍑昏€呭彂閫佽秴闀垮瓧绗︿覆锛屽鑷寸▼搴忓穿婧冩垨璺冲埌鎭舵剰浠ｇ爜銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?unchecked input length锛堟湭妫€鏌ラ暱搴︼級銆乵emory corruption锛堝唴瀛樼牬鍧忥級銆乻tack overflow锛屾兂鍒?Buffer Overflow銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
瀹冩槸鍐呭瓨瀹夊叏闂锛屼笉鏄綉缁滄嫢濉炪€?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

SQL Injection

SQL 娉ㄥ叆

databaseprepared statementquery

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
SQL Injection 鏄妸鐢ㄦ埛杈撳叆鎷艰繘鏁版嵁搴撹鍙ワ紝缁撴灉璁╂敾鍑昏€呮敼鍐欐煡璇㈤€昏緫銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绋嬪簭濡傛灉鎶婅緭鍏ュ綋鎴?SQL 浠ｇ爜鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屾敾鍑昏€呭氨鑳芥彃鍏ヨ嚜宸辩殑鏉′欢銆佽鍙栨暟鎹垨缁曡繃鐧诲綍銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐧诲綍妗嗚緭鍏?`' OR '1'='1`锛屽鏋滃悗鍙扮洿鎺ユ嫾 SQL锛屾暟鎹簱鍙兘鎶婃潯浠跺綋鐪燂紝鏀捐繃鏀诲嚮鑰呫€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?database query manipulation锛堟搷绾垫暟鎹簱鏌ヨ锛夈€乮nput not sanitized锛堣緭鍏ユ湭娓呯悊锛夈€乸repared statement锛堥缂栬瘧璇彞锛夛紝鎯冲埌 SQL Injection銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
SQL 娉ㄥ叆涓嶆槸鏁版嵁搴撳潖浜嗭紝鑰屾槸搴旂敤鎶婅緭鍏ュ鐞嗛敊浜嗐€?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

XSS

Cross-Site Scripting锛岃法绔欒剼鏈?/p>

scriptbrowsercookie

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
XSS 鏄妸鑴氭湰濉炶繘缃戦〉锛岃鍒汉鐨勬祻瑙堝櫒鎵ц銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
缃戠珯濡傛灉鎶婄敤鎴疯緭鍏ュ師鏍锋樉绀哄埌椤甸潰锛屾敾鍑昏€呭氨鑳借鎭舵剰鑴氭湰杩涘叆鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛娴忚鍣ㄣ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
璇勮鍖烘病鏈夎繃婊よ剼鏈紝鏀诲嚮鑰呭彂涓€娈?JavaScript銆傚叾浠栫敤鎴锋墦寮€椤甸潰鏃讹紝娴忚鍣ㄦ墽琛岃剼鏈苟娉勯湶 Cookie銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?malicious script in browser锛堟祻瑙堝櫒鎵ц鎭舵剰鑴氭湰锛夈€乷utput encoding锛堣緭鍑虹紪鐮侊級銆乻teal cookie锛屾兂鍒?XSS銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
XSS 鏀诲嚮鐨勬槸鐢ㄦ埛娴忚鍣ㄤ笂涓嬫枃锛孲QL 娉ㄥ叆鏀诲嚮鐨勬槸鏁版嵁搴撴煡璇€?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery锛岃法绔欒姹備吉閫?/p>

forged requesttokenlogged-in

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
CSRF 鏄瀵煎凡鐧诲綍鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬祻瑙堝櫒鍋峰伔鍚戠綉绔欏彂璇锋眰銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
娴忚鍣ㄤ細鑷姩甯︿笂 Cookie銆傛敾鍑昏€呭埄鐢ㄨ繖涓€鐐癸紝璁╃綉绔欎互涓鸿姹傛槸鐢ㄦ埛涓诲姩鍙戠殑銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛宸茬櫥褰曠綉閾讹紝鍙堟墦寮€鎭舵剰椤甸潰銆傛伓鎰忛〉闈㈠伔鍋锋彁浜よ浆璐﹁姹傦紝缃戦摱鐪嬪埌 Cookie 浠ヤ负鏄湰浜烘搷浣溿€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?anti-CSRF token銆乫orged request锛堜吉閫犺姹傦級銆佸埄鐢ㄥ凡鐧诲綍浼氳瘽锛屾兂鍒?CSRF銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
CSRF 涓嶄竴瀹氬伔 Cookie锛屽畠甯稿父鏄€熺敤鎴峰凡鏈?Cookie 鍘诲仛鍔ㄤ綔銆?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Input Validation

杈撳叆楠岃瘉

validatesanitizeinput

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Input Validation 鏄厛妫€鏌ョ敤鎴疯緭鍏ユ槸涓嶆槸绗﹀悎棰勬湡锛屽啀璁╃▼搴忓鐞嗐€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
寰堝鏀诲嚮閮戒粠杈撳叆寮€濮嬨€傞暱搴︺€佹牸寮忋€佺被鍨嬨€佽寖鍥翠笉妫€鏌ワ紝绋嬪簭灏卞彲鑳借娉ㄥ叆銆佹孩鍑烘垨缁曡繃閫昏緫銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
骞撮緞瀛楁鍙厑璁告暟瀛楀拰鍚堢悊鑼冨洿锛岄偖绠卞瓧娈靛繀椤荤鍚堟牸寮忥紝鏂囦欢涓婁紶闄愬埗绫诲瀷鍜屽ぇ灏忋€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂槻 SQL 娉ㄥ叆銆佺紦鍐插尯婧㈠嚭銆佸紓甯歌緭鍏ワ紝甯歌鍩虹绛旀鏄緭鍏ラ獙璇併€?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
杈撳叆楠岃瘉涓嶆槸杈撳嚭缂栫爜銆傝緭鍏ラ獙璇佺杩涙潵鐨勬暟鎹紝杈撳嚭缂栫爜绠℃樉绀哄埌椤甸潰鏃舵€庝箞瀹夊叏鍛堢幇銆?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Parameterized Query

鍙傛暟鍖栨煡璇?/p>

prepared statementSQL injectionparameter

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Parameterized Query 鎶?SQL 缁撴瀯鍜岀敤鎴疯緭鍏ュ垎寮€锛岄槻姝㈣緭鍏ュ彉鎴愪唬鐮併€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
SQL 娉ㄥ叆鐨勬牴婧愭槸鎶婄敤鎴疯緭鍏ユ嫾鎴?SQL銆傚弬鏁板寲鏌ヨ璁╂暟鎹簱鎶婅緭鍏ュ綋鏁版嵁锛屼笉褰撳懡浠ゃ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍚庡彴鍐?`WHERE name = ?`锛岀敤鎴疯緭鍏ュ彧濉埌鍙傛暟浣嶇疆锛屼笉浼氭敼鍙?SQL 璇彞缁撴瀯銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?best defense against SQL injection锛堥槻 SQL 娉ㄥ叆鏈€浣冲姙娉曪級锛屼紭鍏堟兂鍒板弬鏁板寲鏌ヨ鎴栭缂栬瘧璇彞銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍙繃婊ゅ崟寮曞彿涓嶅鍙傛暟鍖栨煡璇㈠彲闈犮€傝繃婊ゅ鏄撴紡锛屽弬鏁板寲浠庣粨鏋勪笂鍒嗙銆?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Fuzzing

妯＄硦娴嬭瘯

malformedrandom inputcrash

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Fuzzing 鏄粰绋嬪簭鍠傚ぇ閲忓鎬緭鍏ワ紝鐪嬪畠浼氫笉浼氬穿鎴栨毚闇叉紡娲炪€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
寮€鍙戣€呮兂涓嶅埌鎵€鏈夊紓甯歌緭鍏ャ€傛ā绯婃祴璇曠敤鑷姩鍖栨柟寮忔帰绱㈢▼搴忚竟鐣屻€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
娴嬭瘯宸ュ叿涓嶆柇鍚戝浘鐗囪В鏋愬櫒閫佺暩褰㈠浘鐗囨枃浠讹紝鐪嬬▼搴忔槸鍚﹀穿婧冩垨鍑虹幇鍐呭瓨閿欒銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?random/malformed input锛堥殢鏈烘垨鐣稿舰杈撳叆锛夈€佸彂鐜版湭鐭ユ紡娲炪€佽嚜鍔ㄥ寲娴嬭瘯锛屾兂鍒?Fuzzing銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Fuzzing 涓嶆槸鏅€氬姛鑳芥祴璇曘€傚畠鏇村叧娉ㄥ紓甯歌緭鍏ュ拰鍋ュ．鎬с€?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Threat Modeling

濞佽儊寤烘ā

STRIDEDFDdesign

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Threat Modeling 鏄湪璁捐闃舵鍏堟兂鏀诲嚮鑰呬細鎬庝箞鎵撱€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
绯荤粺涓婄嚎鍚庡啀琛ュ畨鍏ㄤ唬浠峰緢楂樸€傚▉鑳佸缓妯¤鍥㈤槦鎻愬墠鎵惧嚭璧勪骇銆佸叆鍙ｃ€佷俊浠昏竟鐣屽拰鏀诲嚮璺緞銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
寮€鍙戞敮浠樼郴缁熷墠锛屽洟闃熺敾鏁版嵁娴佸浘锛屾爣鍑哄閮ㄥ叆鍙ｃ€佹暟鎹簱銆佺涓夋柟鎺ュ彛锛屽啀鍒嗘瀽鍙兘濞佽儊銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?design phase security锛堣璁￠樁娈靛畨鍏級銆丼TRIDE銆乨ata flow diagram锛堟暟鎹祦鍥撅級锛屾兂鍒?Threat Modeling銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
濞佽儊寤烘ā涓嶆槸娓楅€忔祴璇曘€傚畠鏇存棭锛屽彂鐢熷湪璁捐鍜屾灦鏋勯樁娈点€?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Attack Surface

鏀诲嚮闈?/p>

exposedentry pointreduce

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Attack Surface 鏄敾鍑昏€呰兘鎺ヨЕ鍜屽皾璇曞埄鐢ㄧ殑鎵€鏈夊叆鍙ｃ€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍏ュ彛瓒婂锛屽嚭閿欏拰琚墦鐨勬満浼氳秺澶氥€傚噺灏戞敾鍑婚潰灏辨槸鍏虫帀涓嶅繀瑕佺鍙ｃ€佹帴鍙ｃ€佸姛鑳藉拰鏉冮檺銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓€鍙版湇鍔″櫒寮€鏀句簡绠＄悊绔彛銆佹祴璇曟帴鍙ｃ€佹棫 API 鍜岄粯璁よ处鍙凤紝鏀诲嚮闈㈠氨寰堝ぇ銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?minimize exposed services锛堝噺灏戞毚闇叉湇鍔★級銆乨isable unnecessary features锛堝叧闂笉蹇呰鍔熻兘锛夛紝鎯冲埌鍑忓皯鏀诲嚮闈€?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鏀诲嚮闈笉鏄紡娲炴湰韬€傛敾鍑婚潰鏄兘琚帴瑙︾殑鍏ュ彛闆嗗悎锛屾紡娲炴槸鍏ュ彛閲岀殑缂洪櫡銆?/p>

寮€鍙戜笌娴嬭瘯

Secure Coding

瀹夊叏缂栫爜

code reviewdevelopersecure SDLC

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Secure Coding 鏄紑鍙戞椂鎸夊畨鍏ㄨ鍒欏啓浠ｇ爜锛屽噺灏戝父瑙佹紡娲炪€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
寰堝婕忔礊涓嶆槸璁惧闂锛岃€屾槸浠ｇ爜澶勭悊杈撳叆銆佹潈闄愩€侀敊璇€佹棩蹇椼€佸瘑閽ユ椂鍐欓敊浜嗐€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍥㈤槦浣跨敤浠ｇ爜瑙勮寖銆佷唬鐮佸鏌ャ€侀潤鎬佹壂鎻忓拰瀹夊叏搴擄紝閬垮厤鎶婂瘑鐮佸啓杩涗唬鐮佹垨鎷兼帴 SQL銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂噺灏戝簲鐢ㄦ紡娲炪€佸紑鍙戜汉鍛樺煿璁€佷唬鐮佸鏌ュ拰瀹夊叏鏍囧噯锛屾兂鍒?Secure Coding銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
瀹夊叏缂栫爜涓嶆槸涓婄嚎鍚庣殑 WAF銆俉AF 鏄閮ㄩ槻鎶わ紝瀹夊叏缂栫爜鏄粠婧愬ご鍑忓皯婕忔礊銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Patch

琛ヤ竵

updateremediationpatch management

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Patch 鏄巶鍟嗘垨鍥㈤槦鍙戝竷鐨勪慨澶嶅寘锛岀敤鏉ヤ慨婕忔礊銆侀敊璇垨鍏煎闂銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
杞欢鍙戠幇婕忔礊鍚庯紝濡傛灉涓嶆洿鏂帮紝鏀诲嚮鑰呭彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄥ叕寮€婕忔礊鎵撹繘鏉ャ€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍘傚晢鍙戝竷楂樺嵄婕忔礊琛ヤ竵锛岃繍缁村厛鍦ㄦ祴璇曠幆澧冮獙璇侊紝鍐嶆寜鍙樻洿娴佺▼鎺ㄥ埌鐢熶骇绯荤粺銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?vulnerability remediation锛堟紡娲炰慨澶嶏級銆乸atch management锛堣ˉ涓佺鐞嗭級銆乼est before deployment锛堜笂绾垮墠娴嬭瘯锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Patch銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
琛ヤ竵涓嶆槸澶囦唤銆傝ˉ涓佷慨杞欢闂锛屽浠界敤浜庢暟鎹仮澶嶃€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Vulnerability

婕忔礊/鑴嗗急鎬?/p>

weaknessmissing patchmisconfiguration

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Vulnerability 鏄郴缁熼噷鐨勫急鐐癸紝鍙兘琚▉鑳佸埄鐢ㄣ€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
椋庨櫓涓嶆槸鍑┖鏉ョ殑銆傚▉鑳佽閫犳垚褰卞搷锛岄€氬父闇€瑕佸埄鐢ㄦ煇涓紡娲炴垨钖勫急鐐广€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ病鎵撹ˉ涓併€佸瘑鐮佸お寮便€佹暟鎹簱瀵瑰鏆撮湶锛岃繖浜涢兘鏄彲鑳借鍒╃敤鐨勬紡娲炴垨寮辩偣銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?weakness锛堝急鐐癸級銆乵issing patch锛堢己琛ヤ竵锛夈€乵isconfiguration锛堥敊璇厤缃級锛屾兂鍒?Vulnerability銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
濞佽儊鏄彲鑳介€犳垚浼ゅ鐨勪汉鎴栦簨浠讹紱婕忔礊鏄兘琚畠鍒╃敤鐨勫急鐐癸紱椋庨櫓鏄埄鐢ㄥ悗閫犳垚褰卞搷鐨勫彲鑳芥€с€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Exploit

鍒╃敤浠ｇ爜/鍒╃敤琛屼负

PoCRCEuse vulnerability

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Exploit 鏄埄鐢ㄦ紡娲炶揪鎴愭敾鍑绘晥鏋滅殑鏂规硶鎴栦唬鐮併€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
婕忔礊鍙槸寮辩偣锛屾敾鍑昏€呰繕闇€瑕佸叿浣撳姙娉曞幓瑙﹀彂瀹冦€侲xploit 灏辨槸鎶婂急鐐瑰彉鎴愬疄闄呭叆渚垫垨鐮村潖銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏌?Web 鏈嶅姟鏈夎繙绋嬩唬鐮佹墽琛屾紡娲烇紝鏀诲嚮鑰呯敤 exploit 鍙戦€佺壒娈婅姹傦紝鍦ㄦ湇鍔″櫒涓婃墽琛屽懡浠ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂埄鐢ㄥ凡鐭ユ紡娲炪€乸roof of concept锛堟蹇甸獙璇侊級銆乺emote code execution锛堣繙绋嬩唬鐮佹墽琛岋級锛屾兂鍒?Exploit銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Exploit 涓嶆槸婕忔礊鏈韩銆傛紡娲炴槸缂洪櫡锛宔xploit 鏄埄鐢ㄧ己闄风殑鍔ㄤ綔鎴栧伐鍏枫€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Zero Trust

闆朵俊浠?/p>

always verifyleast privilegecontinuous

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Zero Trust 鐨勫熀鏈兂娉曟槸涓嶈鍥犱负浜哄湪鍐呯綉灏遍粯璁ゅ彲淇°€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
浼犵粺杈圭晫瀹夊叏鍋囪鍐呯綉鍙俊锛屼絾璐﹀彿琚洍銆佽澶囪鎰熸煋銆佷簯鍜岃繙绋嬪姙鍏杈圭晫鍙樻ā绯娿€傞浂淇′换瑕佹眰鎸佺画楠岃瘉鍜屾渶灏忔潈闄愩€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍛樺伐鍦ㄥ姙鍏涔熻鎸夎韩浠姐€佽澶囩姸鎬併€佷綅缃€侀闄╄瘎鍒嗚闂郴缁燂紝鑰屼笉鏄繛涓婂唴缃戝氨鍏ㄩ€氥€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?never trust, always verify锛堟案涓嶉粯璁や俊浠伙紝濮嬬粓楠岃瘉锛夈€乧ontinuous verification锛堟寔缁獙璇侊級銆乴east privilege锛屾兂鍒?Zero Trust銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
闆朵俊浠讳笉鏄竴绉嶅崟鐙骇鍝併€傚畠鏄竴濂楁灦鏋勫師鍒欏拰璁块棶鎺у埗鎬濊矾銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Least Privilege

鏈€灏忔潈闄?/p>

minimum accessneedpermissions

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Least Privilege 鏄彧缁欏畬鎴愬伐浣滈渶瑕佺殑鏈€浣庢潈闄愩€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏉冮檺瓒婂锛岃鎿嶄綔鍜岃鐩楀悗鐨勭牬鍧忚秺澶с€傛渶灏忔潈闄愭妸褰卞搷鑼冨洿鍘嬪皬銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
瀹㈡湇鑳芥煡璁㈠崟鐘舵€侊紝浣嗕笉鑳藉鍑哄叏閲忓鎴锋暟鎹簱锛屼篃涓嶈兘鏀规湇鍔″櫒閰嶇疆銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?only necessary access锛堝彧缁欏繀瑕佽闂級銆乴imit permissions锛堥檺鍒舵潈闄愶級锛屾兂鍒?Least Privilege銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鏈€灏忔潈闄愮鑳藉仛浠€涔堝姩浣滐紱鐭ラ渶鍘熷垯鏇村亸鑳界煡閬撲粈涔堜俊鎭€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Separation of Duties

鑱岃矗鍒嗙

fraudtwo-personconflict

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Separation of Duties 鏄妸鍏抽敭娴佺▼鎷嗙粰涓嶅悓浜猴紝閬垮厤涓€涓汉浠庡ご鍒板熬鎿嶆帶銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
濡傛灉涓€涓汉鏃㈣兘鐢宠銆佸鎵广€佹墽琛屻€佸鏍革紝鑸炲紛鍜岄敊璇氨鏇撮毦鍙戠幇銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
閲囪喘浜哄憳涓嶈兘鍚屾椂鍒涘缓渚涘簲鍟嗐€佸鎵逛粯娆惧拰鏀炬銆傝嚦灏戣鏈夊彟涓€涓汉瀹℃牳銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?fraud prevention锛堥槻鑸炲紛锛夈€乼wo-person control锛堝弻浜烘帶鍒讹級銆乧onflict of interest锛堝埄鐩婂啿绐侊級锛屾兂鍒?Separation of Duties銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鑱岃矗鍒嗙涓嶆槸鏈€灏忔潈闄愩€傛渶灏忔潈闄愰檺鍒舵潈闄愬ぇ灏忥紝鑱岃矗鍒嗙闄愬埗鍚屼竴涓汉涓嶈兘鍚屾椂鎷ユ湁鍐茬獊鑱岃矗銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Defense in Depth

绾垫繁闃插尽

layeredmultiple controlssafeguards

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Defense in Depth 鏄灞傞槻绾匡紝涓嶆妸瀹夊叏璧屽湪涓€涓帶鍒朵笂銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
浠讳綍鍗曚釜鎺у埗閮藉彲鑳藉け鏁堛€傚灞傛帶鍒惰鏀诲嚮鑰呭嵆浣跨粫杩囦竴灞傦紝涔熶細琚笅涓€灞傛尅浣忔垨鍙戠幇銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绯荤粺鍚屾椂鏈夌綉缁滃垎娈点€丮FA銆佹渶灏忔潈闄愩€佹棩蹇楃洃鎺с€佸浠藉拰鍝嶅簲娴佺▼銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?layered controls锛堝垎灞傛帶鍒讹級銆乵ultiple safeguards锛堝涓繚鎶ゆ帾鏂斤級锛屾兂鍒?Defense in Depth銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
绾垫繁闃插尽涓嶆槸鍫嗗伐鍏枫€傚眰涓庡眰瑕佽鐩栦笉鍚岄闄╃偣锛岃兘浜掔浉琛ヤ綅銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Bastion Host

鍫″瀿涓绘満

hardenedjumpadministration

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Bastion Host 鏄毚闇插湪楂橀闄╀綅缃€佽閲嶇偣鍔犲浐鐨勪富鏈恒€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏈変簺涓绘満蹇呴』鎺ヨЕ澶栭儴鎴栨壙鎷呰烦杞叆鍙ｏ紝灏辫鐗瑰埆鍑忓皯鏈嶅姟銆佸姞鍥洪厤缃€佸己鍖栫洃鎺с€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绠＄悊鍛樹笉鑳界洿鎺?SSH 鍒板唴缃戞湇鍔″櫒锛屽厛鐧诲綍鍫″瀿涓绘満锛屽啀浠庡牎鍨掍富鏈鸿繘鍏ュ彈鎺х幆澧冦€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?hardened host锛堝姞鍥轰富鏈猴級銆乸ublic-facing but locked down锛堟毚闇蹭絾寮哄姞鍥猴級銆佺鐞嗗叆鍙ｏ紝鎯冲埌 Bastion Host銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍫″瀿涓绘満鍙互鎵挎媴璺虫澘浣滅敤锛屼絾瀹冨己璋冭鍔犲浐鍜屽彈鐩戞帶銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Jump Server

璺虫澘鏈?/p>

admin accesssession recordingrestricted

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Jump Server 鏄鐞嗗憳杩涘叆鍐呯綉鎴栨晱鎰熷尯鍓嶅繀椤荤粡杩囩殑涓浆鐐广€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐩存帴寮€鏀炬墍鏈夋湇鍔″櫒绠＄悊鍙ｅ緢鍗遍櫓銆傝烦鏉挎満闆嗕腑璁よ瘉銆佹巿鏉冦€佸璁″拰浼氳瘽璁板綍銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
绠＄悊鍛樺厛鐧诲綍璺虫澘鏈猴紝绯荤粺璁板綍浠栫殑鍛戒护鍜屼細璇濓紝鍐嶅厑璁镐粬杩炴帴鏁版嵁搴撴湇鍔″櫒銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?centralized admin access锛堥泦涓鐞嗚闂級銆乻ession recording锛堜細璇濊褰曪級銆佽繘鍏ュ彈闄愮綉缁滐紝鎯冲埌 Jump Server銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
璺虫澘鏈哄己璋冧腑杞拰瀹¤锛涘牎鍨掍富鏈哄己璋冮珮椋庨櫓浣嶇疆鐨勫姞鍥恒€傚疄闄呬腑浜岃€呭父閲嶅彔銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Honeypot

铚滅綈

decoyattacker behaviortrap

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Honeypot 鏄晠鎰忓竷缃殑璇遍サ绯荤粺锛岀敤鏉ヨ瀵熸敾鍑昏€呫€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鐪熷疄绯荤粺涓嶈兘闅忎究鎷挎潵琚墦銆傝湝缃愭彁渚涗竴涓彈鎺х洰鏍囷紝甯姪鍙戠幇鏀诲嚮琛屼负銆佸伐鍏峰拰鏉ユ簮銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
瀹夊叏鍥㈤槦鏀句竴涓湅浼艰剢寮辩殑鏈嶅姟鍣紝鏀诲嚮鑰呬竴璁块棶锛屽洟闃熷氨鑳借褰曡涓哄拰鏍锋湰銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?decoy system锛堣楗电郴缁燂級銆乨etect attacker behavior锛堣瀵熸敾鍑昏€呰涓猴級銆乺esearch锛屾兂鍒?Honeypot銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
铚滅綈涓嶆槸涓昏鐢熶骇绯荤粺锛屼篃涓嶆槸澶囦唤銆傚畠鐨勪环鍊兼槸璇辨崟鍜岃瀵熴€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Honeynet

铚滅綉

honeypotsdecoy networklateral movement

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Honeynet 鏄涓湝缃愮粍鎴愮殑璇遍サ缃戠粶銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍗曚釜铚滅綈鑳借瀵熸湁闄愯涓恒€傝湝缃戣兘妯℃嫙鏇寸湡瀹炵殑缃戠粶鐜锛岀湅鏀诲嚮鑰呮í鍚戠Щ鍔ㄥ拰宸ュ叿閾俱€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
瀹夊叏鍥㈤槦鎼簡鍑犲彴鍋?Web銆佸亣鏁版嵁搴撱€佸亣鏂囦欢鏈嶅姟鍣紝璁╂敾鍑昏€呬互涓鸿繘鍏ヤ簡鐪熷疄鍐呯綉銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?network of honeypots锛堣湝缃愮綉缁滐級銆佺爺绌舵í鍚戠Щ鍔紝鎯冲埌 Honeynet銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Honeynet 鏄楗电幆澧冿紝涓嶆槸鐢熶骇缃戠粶鍒嗘鏂规銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Backup

澶囦唤

restorecopytest recovery

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Backup 鏄彁鍓嶅鍒舵暟鎹紝浠ヤ究鍧忎簡銆佸垹浜嗐€佽鍔犲瘑鍚庤兘鎭㈠銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
纭洏浼氬潖锛屼汉浼氳鍒狅紝鍕掔储杞欢浼氬姞瀵嗘枃浠躲€傛病鏈夊浠斤紝鎭㈠灏卞彧鑳介潬杩愭皵銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
姣忓ぉ鏅氫笂鎶婃暟鎹簱澶囦唤鍒伴殧绂诲瓨鍌紝骞跺畾鏈熸祴璇曟仮澶嶏紝纭鐪熻兘鎶婃暟鎹媺鍥炴潵銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?restore data锛堟仮澶嶆暟鎹級銆乺ansomware recovery锛堝嫆绱㈡仮澶嶏級銆乥ackup testing锛堝浠芥祴璇曪級锛屾兂鍒?Backup銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
澶囦唤涓嶆槸涓氬姟杩炵画鎬ц鍒掔殑鍏ㄩ儴銆傚浠藉彧鏄仮澶嶆潗鏂欙紝杩樿鏈夋仮澶嶆祦绋嬨€佷汉鍛樸€佷紭鍏堢骇鍜屾紨缁冦€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Hot Site

鐑珯

fastestalternate siteready

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Hot Site 鏄嚑涔庡噯澶囧ソ鐨勫鐢ㄧ幆澧冿紝涓荤珯鍧忎簡鑳藉緢蹇帴绠°€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍏抽敭涓氬姟涓嶈兘鍋滃お涔咃紝鎵€浠ュ鐢ㄦ満鎴胯鎻愬墠鏈夎澶囥€佽蒋浠躲€佺綉缁滃拰杈冩柊鐨勬暟鎹€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
涓绘満鎴跨伀鐏惧悗锛屾祦閲忓垏鍒扮儹绔欍€傜敤鎴峰彲鑳界煭鏆傚彈褰卞搷锛屼絾鏍稿績绯荤粺寰堝揩鎭㈠鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?fastest recovery锛堟渶蹇仮澶嶏級銆乫ully equipped alternate site锛堣澶囬綈鍏ㄥ鐢ㄧ珯鐐癸級锛屾兂鍒?Hot Site銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鐑珯鎭㈠蹇絾鎴愭湰楂樸€備笉瑕佸拰鍐风珯娣凤紝鍐风珯鍙湁鍩虹璁炬柦锛屾仮澶嶆參寰楀銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Warm Site

娓╃珯

partialmiddle costalternate site

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Warm Site 鏄噯澶囦簡涓€閮ㄥ垎璁惧鍜岀幆澧冿紝浣嗗嚭浜嬪悗杩樿琛ョ郴缁熴€佹暟鎹垨閰嶇疆銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
缁勭粐鎯虫瘮鍐风珯鎭㈠蹇紝鍙堜笉鎯虫壙鎷呯儹绔欓偅鏍烽珮鐨勬垚鏈紝浜庢槸鎶樹腑鍑嗗涓€閮ㄥ垎璧勬簮銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
澶囩敤鍦扮偣鏈夋満鏌溿€佺綉缁滃拰閮ㄥ垎鏈嶅姟鍣紝浣嗙伨闅惧悗杩樿鎭㈠鏁版嵁銆佽ˉ閰嶇疆銆佸惎鍔ㄦ湇鍔°€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?partially equipped alternate site锛堥儴鍒嗛厤澶囧鐢ㄧ珯鐐癸級銆佹仮澶嶉€熷害鍜屾垚鏈姌涓紝鎯冲埌 Warm Site銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
娓╃珯涓嶆槸闅忔椂鎺ョ銆傚畠姣斿喎绔欏揩锛屾瘮鐑珯鎱€?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
Cold Site

鍐风珯

cheapestslowestfacility

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Cold Site 涓昏鍙湁鍦哄湴銆佺數鍔涖€佺綉缁滅瓑鍩虹鏉′欢锛屾仮澶嶆渶鎱絾渚垮疁銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏈変簺涓氬姟鑳藉繊鍙楄緝闀挎仮澶嶆椂闂达紝缁勭粐灏变笉鎻愬墠鏀惧畬鏁磋澶囧拰鏁版嵁锛屼互闄嶄綆鎴愭湰銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐏鹃毦鍙戠敓鍚庯紝鍥㈤槦鎶婃湇鍔″櫒杩愬埌鍐风珯锛屽畨瑁呯郴缁熴€佹仮澶嶆暟鎹€侀厤缃綉缁滐紝鏁翠釜杩囩▼鍙兘寰堜箙銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?cheapest alternate site锛堟渶渚垮疁澶囩敤绔欑偣锛夈€乫acility only锛堝彧鏈夊満鍦板熀纭€璁炬柦锛夈€乻lowest recovery锛屾兂鍒?Cold Site銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
鍐风珯涓嶆槸澶囦唤銆傚畠鍙槸澶囩敤鍦扮偣锛屾暟鎹拰绯荤粺杩樿鍙﹀鎭㈠銆?/p>

杩愯惀涓庢灦鏋?/p>
RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks锛岀嫭绔嬬鐩樺啑浣欓樀鍒?/p>

diskredundancynot backup

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
RAID 鎶婂鍧楃‖鐩樼粍鍚堣捣鏉ユ彁楂樻€ц兘鎴栧啑浣欙紝浣嗗畠涓嶆槸澶囦唤銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍗曞潡鐩樺潖浜嗕細褰卞搷绯荤粺銆俁AID 鑳借鏌愪簺纾佺洏鏁呴殰鏃剁郴缁熺户缁繍琛岋紝鎴栨彁楂樿鍐欐€ц兘銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
RAID 1 闀滃儚璁╀竴鍧楃洏鍧忎簡杩樻湁鍙︿竴鍧楀彲鐢紝浣嗗鏋滅敤鎴疯鍒犳枃浠讹紝涓ゅ潡鐩樺彲鑳戒竴璧峰悓姝ュ垹闄ゃ€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?disk redundancy锛堢鐩樺啑浣欙級銆丷AID 0/1/5/6/10銆佹槸鍚︽浛浠ｅ浠斤紝鎯冲埌 RAID銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
RAID 瑙ｅ喅纾佺洏鏁呴殰鍙敤鎬э紝涓嶈В鍐宠鍒犮€佸嫆绱€佺伀鐏俱€侀暱鏈熷巻鍙叉仮澶嶏紝鎵€浠ヤ笉鑳芥浛浠ｅ浠姐€?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Bell-LaPadula

Bell-LaPadula confidentiality model锛屾満瀵嗘€фā鍨?/p>

confidentialityno read upno write down

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Bell-LaPadula 涓昏淇濇姢鏈哄瘑鎬э紝鏍稿績鏄笉璁╀綆绾у埆璇婚珮绾у埆锛屼笉璁╅珮绾у埆鍐欏埌浣庣骇鍒€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍐涗簨鍜屾斂搴滃満鏅緢鍦ㄦ剰绉樺瘑淇℃伅涓嶈兘鍚戜綆绾у埆娉勯湶銆傝繖涓ā鍨嬪洿缁曚俊鎭悜涓嬫硠闇茬殑闂璁捐銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
缁濆瘑鐢ㄦ埛鍙互璇荤粷瀵嗚祫鏂欙紝浣嗕笉鑳芥妸缁濆瘑鍐呭鍐欏埌鏅€氱骇鍒枃浠堕噷锛岄伩鍏嶇瀵嗘祦涓嬪幓銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 no read up锛堜笉鑳藉悜涓婅锛夈€乶o write down锛堜笉鑳藉悜涓嬪啓锛夈€乧onfidentiality锛堟満瀵嗘€э級锛屾兂鍒?Bell-LaPadula銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Bell-LaPadula 绠℃満瀵嗘€э紝涓嶆槸瀹屾暣鎬фā鍨嬨€傚畬鏁存€у父鑰?Biba銆?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Biba

Biba integrity model锛屽畬鏁存€фā鍨?/p>

integrityno read downno write up

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Biba 涓昏淇濇姢瀹屾暣鎬э紝闃叉浣庡彲淇℃暟鎹薄鏌撻珮鍙俊鏁版嵁銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鏈変簺绯荤粺鏇存€曟暟鎹浣庤川閲忔潵婧愭薄鏌撱€侭iba 鍏虫敞淇℃伅鍙俊搴﹀線鍝噷娴併€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
楂樺畬鏁存€х郴缁熶笉鑳介殢渚胯鍙栦綆瀹屾暣鎬ф潵婧愮殑鏁版嵁锛屼篃涓嶈兘璁╀綆瀹屾暣鎬х敤鎴锋敼楂樺畬鏁存€ц褰曘€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 integrity锛堝畬鏁存€э級銆乶o read down锛堜笉鑳藉悜涓嬭锛夈€乶o write up锛堜笉鑳藉悜涓婂啓锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Biba銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Biba 鍜?Bell-LaPadula 鏂瑰悜瀹规槗鍙嶃€傝浣忥細Bell-LaPadula 淇濆瘑锛孊iba 淇濆畬鏁淬€?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Clark-Wilson

Clark-Wilson integrity model锛屽晢涓氬畬鏁存€фā鍨?/p>

transactionseparationcommercial

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Clark-Wilson 鐢ㄥ彈鎺т氦鏄撳拰鑱岃矗鍒嗙淇濇姢鍟嗕笟鏁版嵁瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍟嗕笟绯荤粺鎬曠殑鏄处琚贡鏀广€佹祦绋嬭缁曡繃銆傚畠寮鸿皟鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘鐩存帴鏀瑰叧閿暟鎹紝瑕侀€氳繃鍙楁帶绋嬪簭鍜屽璁℃祦绋嬨€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鍑虹撼涓嶈兘鐩存帴鏀规€昏处锛屽彧鑳介€氳繃鎺堟潈浜ゆ槗绋嬪簭鎻愪氦锛岀郴缁熻褰曞璁℃棩蹇楋紝骞剁敱涓嶅悓瑙掕壊澶嶆牳銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 well-formed transaction锛堣壇鏋勪氦鏄擄級銆乻eparation of duties锛堣亴璐ｅ垎绂伙級銆乧ommercial integrity锛堝晢涓氬畬鏁存€э級锛屾兂鍒?Clark-Wilson銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Clark-Wilson 涓嶆槸鍗曠函鏈哄瘑鎬фā鍨嬨€傚畠鏇磋创杩戦摱琛屻€佽储鍔°€佸晢涓氭祦绋嬪畬鏁存€с€?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Brewer-Nash

Chinese Wall model锛屼腑鍥藉妯″瀷

conflictChinese Wallcompetitor

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Brewer-Nash 闃叉鍒╃泭鍐茬獊锛岃闂繃涓€杈瑰鎴疯祫鏂欏悗锛屽氨涓嶈兘鍐嶈闂珵浜夋柟璧勬枡銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
鍜ㄨ銆佸璁°€佹硶寰嬬瓑琛屼笟鍙兘鍚屾椂鏈嶅姟绔炰簤瀹㈡埛銆傛ā鍨嬮槻姝㈠悓涓€涓汉鍒╃敤涓€鏂逛俊鎭府鍔╁彟涓€鏂广€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
椤鹃棶鐪嬭繃 A 閾惰骞惰喘璧勬枡鍚庯紝绯荤粺灏变笉鍏佽浠栧啀璁块棶绔炰簤閾惰 B 鐨勭浉鍏虫晱鎰熻祫鏂欍€?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 conflict of interest锛堝埄鐩婂啿绐侊級銆乧onsulting firm锛堝挩璇㈠叕鍙革級銆丆hinese Wall锛屾兂鍒?Brewer-Nash銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
瀹冧笉鏄槻鐏銆侰hinese Wall 鏄闂帶鍒舵ā鍨嬶紝涓嶆槸缃戠粶璁惧銆?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Reference Monitor

寮曠敤鐩戣鍣?/p>

complete mediationtamperproofverifiable

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Reference Monitor 鏄瘡娆¤闂兘蹇呴』缁忚繃鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ鏌ユ蹇点€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
濡傛灉璁块棶璇锋眰鑳界粫杩囨鏌ワ紝璁块棶鎺у埗灏辨病鏈夋剰涔夈€傚紩鐢ㄧ洃瑙嗗櫒瑕佹眰妫€鏌ヤ笉鍙粫杩囥€佽冻澶熷皬銆佸彲楠岃瘉銆?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鐢ㄦ埛瑕佽鏂囦欢鏃讹紝绯荤粺鍐呮牳閲岀殑璁块棶鎺у埗鏈哄埗鍏堟鏌ユ潈闄愶紝妫€鏌ラ€氳繃鎵嶅厑璁歌銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?complete mediation锛堝畬鍏ㄤ腑浠嬶級銆乼amperproof锛堥槻绡℃敼锛夈€乿erifiable锛堝彲楠岃瘉锛夛紝鎯冲埌 Reference Monitor銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
Reference Monitor 鏄悊璁烘蹇碉紱Security Kernel 鏄疄鐜拌繖涓蹇电殑鏍稿績鏈哄埗銆?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Trusted Computing Base

TCB锛屽彲淇¤绠楀熀

trustedsecurity perimeterkernel

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
TCB 鏄郴缁熼噷蹇呴』鍙俊鐨勪竴缁勭‖浠躲€佽蒋浠跺拰鎺у埗鏈哄埗銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
瀹夊叏涓嶆槸鎵€鏈変唬鐮侀兘鍚岀瓑閲嶈銆傜湡姝ｆ敮鎾戝畨鍏ㄧ瓥鐣ユ墽琛岀殑閭ｉ儴鍒嗗繀椤昏閲嶇偣淇濇姢鍜岄獙璇併€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鍐呮牳銆佽闂帶鍒舵満鍒躲€佽璇佺粍浠跺拰鐩稿叧纭欢鍏卞悓鏀拺绯荤粺瀹夊叏杈圭晫銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰闂?security perimeter锛堝畨鍏ㄨ竟鐣岋級銆乼rusted components锛堝彲淇＄粍浠讹級銆佺郴缁熶腑鎵ц瀹夊叏绛栫暐鐨勯儴鍒嗭紝鎯冲埌 TCB銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
TCB 涓嶆槸涓€涓叿浣撲骇鍝併€傚畠鏄郴缁熶腑鍙俊缁勪欢鐨勯泦鍚堛€?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Common Criteria

閫氱敤鍑嗗垯

EALProtection ProfileSecurity Target

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
Common Criteria 鏄畨鍏ㄤ骇鍝佽瘎浼版爣鍑嗭紝鐢ㄦ潵璇存槑浜у搧鎸変粈涔堢洰鏍囥€佺粡杩囧娣辫瘎浼般€?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
閲囪喘瀹夊叏浜у搧鏃讹紝缁勭粐闇€瑕佷竴绉嶅彲姣旇緝鐨勮瘎浼拌瑷€銆侰ommon Criteria 鐢ㄤ繚鎶よ疆寤撳拰 EAL 绛夋蹇佃〃杈俱€?/p>

鐜板疄鐢婚潰
鏌愰槻鐏澹扮О閫氳繃 Common Criteria 璇勪及锛屾姤鍛婅鏄庤瘎浼拌寖鍥淬€佷繚鎶ょ洰鏍囧拰淇濊瘉绾у埆銆?/p>

棰樼洰鎬庝箞鐢?/b>
棰樼洰鍑虹幇 Protection Profile锛堜繚鎶よ疆寤擄級銆丼ecurity Target锛堝畨鍏ㄧ洰鏍囷級銆丒AL锛屾兂鍒?Common Criteria銆?/p>

瀹规槗娣蜂粈涔?/b>
EAL 楂樹笉浠ｈ〃浜у搧鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊満鏅粷瀵规洿瀹夊叏锛屽彧浠ｈ〃璇勪及淇濊瘉娣卞害涓嶅悓銆?/p>

瀹夊叏妯″瀷

Evaluation Assurance Level

EAL锛岃瘎浼颁繚璇佺骇鍒?/p>

EAL1EAL7assurance

涓€鍙ヨ瘽閿氱偣
EAL 琛ㄧず Common Criteria 涓嬭瘎浼板仛寰楁湁澶氭繁銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堟湁瀹?/b>
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